Case Report: Scalp pityriasis versicolor may be a neglected problem.

Pityriasis versicolor, a common skin fungal infection, is typically observed on trunk and limb skin. Here, we highlight an unusual presentation: scalp involvement, often overlooked due to its asymptomatic, mildly scaly patches. We report four pediatric cases, emphasizing the potential underestimation of this scalp variant. This case series underscores the importance of considering this diagnosis in patients with unexplained scalp hypopigmentation, especially in males with short hair who may readily notice these subtle changes. The report contributes to the understanding of this variant's clinical presentation and emphasizes the need for awareness among clinicians to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.

Case Report: Itraconazole Oral Solution Continuous Therapy for Infantile Tinea Capitis.

Tinea capitis is a common fungal infection caused by dermatophytes in children, but it is rare in infants. Although oral itraconazole has been widely used to treat tinea capitis, its use in infants is limited due to its low prevalence in this age group. A previous study reported the effectiveness of itraconazole continuous therapy in treating infantile tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis. However, this approach has not been extended to tinea capitis caused by other fungi. In this study, we present four cases of infantile tinea capitis treated with continuous itraconazole oral solution therapy (5 mg/kg/day). Two patients were infected with M. canis, one patient with Nannizzia gypsea, and another with Trichophyton tonsurans. This study assesses the efficacy and safety of itraconazole oral solution continuous therapy, expanding our understanding by demonstrating its effectiveness for infantile tinea capitis caused by T. tonsurans and N. gypsea.

Epidemiology of Tinea Capitis in Children in Beijing and Adjacent Regions, China: A 15-Year Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND: Tinea capitis is the most common dermatophytosis in children. Due to many factors, the types of pathogenic fungi of tinea capitis vary all over the world, and the pathogenic fungi of tinea capitis may change over time even in the same region. OBJECTIVES: To investigated the epidemiological characteristics and pathogenic strains distribution of tinea capitis in children in Beijing and adjacent regions. Patients/Methods Through retrospective study and epidemiological analysis, we investigated the epidemiological characteristics of tinea capitis in children in Beijing and adjacent regions over 15 years. RESULTS: A total of 1739 children with tinea capitis were retrospectively investigated from January 2006 to December 2020, including 1100 boys and 639 girls. A total of 67.4% of tinea capitis patients were between 1 and 5 years of age. A decreasing trend in tinea capitis was observed before 2009, while for the following 12 years, the incidence rate of tinea capitis fluctuated little. Zoophilic isolates (primarily Microsporum canis) were responsible for 88.4% of tinea capitis. Males are at greater risk for M. canis infection (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Zoophilic species were responsible for approximately nine-tenth of the tinea capitis cases. The incidence of tinea capitis decreased before 2009.

High-dose oral terbinafine in the treatment of pediatric tinea capitis under 2 years old.

Tinea capitis is the most common pediatric dermatophytosis of the scalp and hair follicles that require oral antifungals therapy. It usually occurs in children between 3 and 7 years old, whereas it is rarely reported in children under 2 years old. Although oral terbinafine has been broadly used to treat tinea capitis, it is not approved for pediatric patients under 2 years old. Previous studies reported that a doubled oral terbinafine dose could improve the cure rates of tinea capitis due to Microsporum canis. However, the doses are all not strictly weight-based. Here, we report four pediatric tinea capitis patients under 2 years of age who were treated with a high, strictly weight-based dose of oral terbinafine therapy (10 mg/kg/day). We determine the efficacy and safety of this novel oral terbinafine therapy schedule. It may be a promising therapy to treat pediatric tinea capitis under 2 years old.

In vitro Activity of Allicin Alone and in Combination With Antifungal Drugs Against Microsporum canis Isolated From Patients With Tinea Capitis.

The checkerboard broth method based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M38-A3 document was used in this study to evaluate the in vitro activity of allicin alone and in combination with the antifungal drugs (griseofulvin, fluconazole, itraconazole and terbinafine) against Microsporum canis isolated from patients with tinea capitis. When allicin was used alone, only weak anti-M. canis effects were found. The MIC50, MIC90 and geometric mean (GM) of terbinafine were the lowest among the compounds tested. Synergism was observed for the combinations of allicin with itraconazole and terbinafine. Only indifference was observed for the combinations of allicin with griseofulvin and fluconazole. Our study illustrated the synergism of allicin in combination with itraconazole and terbinafine, which could be a reference for the treatment of tinea capitis due to M. canis.

A Novel Itraconazole Pulse Therapy Schedule in the Treatment of Tinea Capitis in Children.

Tinea capitis is a common dermatophytosis predominantly occurring in children, which needs oral antifungal drug therapy. Itraconazole pulse therapy has been widely applicated in the treatment of adult onychomycosis. However, only a few studies are available for the treatment of pediatric tinea capitis with itraconazole pulse therapy. The therapy schedules vary with respect to dose and intermission. Here, we report four cases of tinea capitis that were treated with a novel high-dose itraconazole pulse therapy (6-10 mg/kg/d with 3 weeks off between consecutive pulses). After 2-3 pulses therapy, all the patients were cured and no adverse reactions were observed. We demonstrate the efficacy and safety of this novel itraconazole pulse therapy schedule. It may be a promising therapy in the treatment of tinea capitis in children.

Successful treatment of tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis in a 23-day-old newborn with itraconazole pulse therapy and a review of the literature.

Although tinea capitis is common in children, but it is rare in newborns. It should be differentiated with neonatal lupus erythematosus, nummular eczema, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, erythema annular centrifugum, annular urticaria, and annular erythema of infancy. Tinea capitis usually needs oral antifungal therapy, but the data of use in newborn is limited. Here, we report a case of tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis in a 23-day-old female newborn. The patient was given itraconazole oral solution pulse therapy with an excellent outcome. Itraconazole oral solution pulse therapy may be a promising therapy for tinea capitis in infants, especially in newborns.