[Association of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease and visceral leishmaniasis after kidney transplantation]. / Association d'un syndrome lymphoprolifératif et d'une leishmaniose viscérale après transplantation rénale.

Malignancies and opportunistic infections are frequently observed after solid-organ transplantation. Their occurrence strongly affects recipient survival. We report the case of a 29-year-old Tunisian kidney-recipient who was diagnosed simultaneously with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy together with antiparasitic treatment using liposomal amphotericin B, and anti-CD20 antibodies medication resulted in cure of leishmaniasis and remission from PTLD. This case is of clinical interest because of the uncommon association of VL with PTLD after solid organ transplantation. It is also original by the favourable outcome of VL and PTLD, both known as life-threatening diseases. Also, it illustrates the predisposing role of immunosuppressive therapy in occurrence of opportunistic infections and malignancies after solid organ transplantation.