Influence of disinfection of caries effected dentin with different concentration of silver diamine fluoride, curcumin and Er, Cr:YSGG on adhesive bond strength to resin composite.

AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of various disinfectants (CP, MB, 3.8 % SDF, 38 % SDF and ECL) on caries affected dentine (CAD) and its bond strength to composite restoration MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty carious mandibular teeth were collected based on the criteria of ICDAS (International Caries Detection and Assessment system). Specimens up to cement enamel junction were fixed in poly vinyl pipes. All caries molars were grinded using silicon grinding carbon disk and randomly assigned into five groups based on disinfecting regimes (n = 10). Group 1, Caries affected dentin (CAD) treated with MBP [100 mg/L]; Group 2, CAD treated with Curcumin photosensitizer (CP) [500 mg/L]; Group 3, CAD treated with 3.8 % SDF Group 4, CAD treated with 38 % SDF and group 5 sterile with Er,Cr:YSGG (ECL).Self-etch adhesive bond was smeared over the surface of all specimens followed by application of composite incrementally and light cured. Samples were debonded in a universal testing machine and shear bond strength (SBS) was noted in MegaPascal (MPa). The debonded surfaces were evaluated under stereomicroscope to determine the failure mode. For inter group comparison analysis of variance (ANOVA). Tukey HSD was applied for multiple group comparison. The significance level was kept at p < 0.05 RESULTS: The maximum bond strength was observed in group 2 CAD disinfected with CP (17.57 ± 0.85 MPa). Whereas, minimum bond strength values were presented by group 3 CAD disinfected with 38 % SDF (11.14 ± 0.29 MPa). CAD treated with MBP (14.21 ± 0.22 MPa) was comparable to group 5 (p > 0.05). Similarly, group 2 was found to be comparable to group 4 CAD disinfected with 3.8 % SDF (16.22±0.53 MPa) (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: 3.8 % SDF and PDT with CP have shown potential to be adopted for dentin disinfection treatment without adversely affecting bond strength of CAD to composite resin.

Anthropometric and metabolic indicators in hypertensive patients.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between anthropometric variables with blood glucose and lipid concentrations in different stages of hypertension and evaluate the risk factors involved in progression of pre-hypertension stage in to clinical hypertension stage-1. STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and General Practitioner's Clinics, Karachi, from 2005 to 2007. METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted on 276 participants aged 25-65 years and classified into four categories of control, prehypertension (pre-HTN), hypertension (HTN) stage I and II, according to 7th JNC report. Anthropometric measurements and blood chemistry were obtained. The relationship between obesity indices (Body Mass Index [BMI], Waist Circumference [WC], Waist Hip Ratio [WHpR], Waist Height Ratio [WHtR], Basal Metabolic Rate [BMR] and Cardiovascular Disease [CVD] risk factors [blood pressure, serum lipids and glucose levels]) were investigated. The analysis of variance and test of Pearson's coefficient correlation were applied to assess relationship of all the variables. RESULTS: The mean WHR had significant correlation with both systolic and diastolic BP in all groups of HTN, as well as with blood glucose level in control and pre-HTN groups. BMI was positively correlated with cholesterol (r=0.29) and triglyceride (r=0.25) in HTN stage-1. Impaired and high blood glucose levels were found in pre-HTN group; all lipid parameters except triglycerides were higher in HTN stage I. CONCLUSION: WHR was positively and independently related to occurrence of arterial hypertension. Elevated levels of WHR, BMI, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides were responsible for progression of pre-HTN stage in to HTN stage-1.