MINERAL WATER "DZUGURI" AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: SCREENING RESULTS.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the major public health issues worldwide causing a heavy burden on health systems and economies of many countries. In this regard, it is crucial to develop and implement low-cost interventions aimed to early prevention and effective management of DM (particularly T2DM). Various studies worldwide indicated positive effect of natural mineral waters on regulating blood glucose level. The present screening study aimed to: 1) learn how T2DM patients are aware about their disease, study their demographic, social-economic profile and behavior; and 2) explore the impact of Georgian spring mineral water "Dzuguri" on blood glucose level among T2DM patients. The study results indicated that a considerable large amount of T2DM patients suffer from various social-economic problems and experience limited access to healthcare services. More encouraging was their attitude toward healthy life-style and related behavior. Considering this context, another finding of the study was particularly significant: mineral water from spring "Dzuguri" demonstrated positive initial effect on regulating glucose level among T2DM patients. Consequently, similar studies should be continued in a larger scale with more robust methodology and covering more population from various regions of Georgia.

Effect of metformin therapy on plasma adiponectin and leptin levels in obese and insulin resistant postmenopausal females with type 2 diabetes.

To investigate the relative role of the adiponectin and leptin in the insulin resistance (IR) and obesity we studied plasma levels of these adipocytokines in obese and insulin resistant postmenopausal (PM) females with type 2 diabetes (DM2) during 6 months of Metformin therapy. We recruited 26 PM women, between the ages of 50 and 67 (59,7+/-8,1 years). These women had a BMI of 36,6+/-1,8 kg/m2. After baseline measurements Metformin therapy has been initiated (1700+/-2550 mg per day). Duration of therapy was 6 months. The results of investigations of adipocytokines after Metformin 6 months therapy shown that circulating adiponectin levels were significantly increased (19,1+/-6,0 vs. 16,1+/-3,9 ng/ml, p=0,008) together with significant reduction of BMI (35,9+/-1,9 vs. 36,6+/-1,8 kg/m2, p=0,005) and IR (3,05+/-0,89 vs. 3,96+/-0,70, p<0,001). The magnitude of the change in adiponectin levels positively correlated with the magnitude of BMI reduction (r=0,4784, p=0,013) and IR reduction (r=0,5779, p=0,002). Any significant correlation did not observed between changes of leptin levels and BMI, leptin levels and IR. In summary, our data suggest that hypoadiponectinemia in PM may be explained by only IR because the amelioration of whole-body insulin action by 6-month Metformin therapy leads to increase of plasma adiponectin levels; leptin levels did not significantly change after 6-month Metformin therapy.

Plasma adipocytokine levels in obese and insulin resistant postmenopausal females with type 2 diabetes.

The objective of this study was to compare plasma levels of adiponectin and leptin in lean (LN), obese (OB) and obese diabetic (OD) postmenopausal females (PMF). We recruited 26 PM women (group 1, mean age - 59,7+/-8,1 years, BMI - 36,6+/-1,8 kg/m(2)). All women had their last menstrual flow more than 2 year before the study (mean duration of PM period was 11,9+/-8,3 years). No woman had received hormones within 3 months of this study. All Women were diabetic patients (mean duration of DM2 was 9,5+/-5,5 years). Ten obese (group 2; mean BMI - 35,9+/-2,3 kg/m(2) and age - 58,1+/-4,7 years) and ten lean (group 3; mean BMI - 22,3+/-1,9 kg/m(2) and age - 56,5+/-5,6 years) PM women were recruited as controls for comparing adipocytokine levels. Adiponectin was significantly decreased and leptin is significantly elevated in OD PMF in comparison with group 1 and 2 (p<0,001 and p=0,003, respectively). There was a tendency for adiponectin levels to be lower in OD PMF as compared with OB individuals (p=0,053). OD PMF were more insulin resistant than OB and LN subjects (p<0,001). Hypoadiponectinemia in PMF may be explained by IR and obesity. Leptin levels in OD PMF are not significantly different from leptin levels of OB subjects, although they significantly differ from leptin levels of LN individuals.

[Blood adiponectin and leptin levels in menopausal metabolic syndrome].

The aim of our investigation was the study of blood adiponectin and leptin levels in patients with menopausal metabolic syndrome (MMS) and their correlation with the parameters of MMS features. 40 females with menopause have been investigated. In 38 cases diabetes mellitus type 2 has been registered, and in 2 - impaired glucose tolerance. Mean duration of postmenopausal period was 11,1+/-7,4. Control group consisted of 10 females of postmenopausal age. The blood content of adiponectin and leptin was measured by ELISA. For MMS diagnostics WHO classification (2002) was applied. In basic group MMS was revealed in 37 patients, in control group - in 3 cases (chi(2)=19,53, p<0,001). It was not observed significant difference in blood adiponectin levels of basic and control groups (16,4+/-7,6 vs. 16,3+/-6,1, p=NS), but blood leptin level was significantly higher in study group in comparison with controls (166,7+105,3 vs. 60,3+/-51,0, p<0,001). Significant correlations of blood adiponectin and leptin levels with the parameters of MMS features were observed. Obtained results show that blood adiponectin level in MMS does not differ from the values in control group, although blood leptin level is significantly higher than the one among controls. They significantly correlated with the parameters of MMS features.