The impact of socioeconomic status on health practices via health lifestyles: Results of qualitative interviews with Americans from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds.

We performed 55 qualitative interviews with Americans from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds from a small city in the Northeast to better understand the complex process through which socioeconomic status (SES) influences the health practices persons carry out. We argue that SES not only influences health practices directly, but also via shaping interviewees' health lifestyles. We describe four connected ways that SES shapes interviewees' health lifestyles: (a) the impact of physical and mental illness on how much time, energy, and resources can be devoted to health; (b) the impact of social connections on opportunities to engage in healthy practices; (c) variation in interviewees' sense of control over health and health practices; and (d) how intentional and planned out interviewees' health lifestyles are. Although explored previously, the aim of this study is to examine how these elements come together to form into distinct styles of health shaped by the socioeconomic background of our respondents.

How does the pandemic end? Losing control of the COVID-19 pandemic illness narrative.

The end of a pandemic is as much a political act as biological reality. It is over not simply when case counts or deaths are reduced to some objectively determined acceptable level but also when, and if, the public accepts the stories that politicians and health officials tell about it. This paper has three aims. First, to develop the concept of a pandemic illness narrative - a public narrative that makes the experience of an outbreak meaningful to a community of people and explains when it will be finished. Using the case of the United States, the paper then examines how American state organisations and public health officials tried to disseminate a version of the 'restitution illness narrative' to make sense out of the COVID-19 pandemic and explain how it would ultimately end. Lastly, the paper describes the factors that made this narrative ultimately implausible to the American public. As most Americans are now seemingly indifferent about the pandemic, it has ended in the United States without ever actually being narratively concluded.

Adapting Coercion: How Three Industrialized Nations Manufacture Vaccination Compliance.

CONTEXT: This research examines the development of vaccination policy in Britain, the United States, and Australia to begin to understand the different forms of coercion that industrialized states utilize to achieve vaccination compliance from the majority of their citizens. METHODS: This research applies a comparative-historical analysis of the three countries listed, using a combination of primary and secondary documents. FINDINGS: The different degrees of compulsion in the vaccination policies of Britain, the United States, and Australia is explained through an analysis of the path-dependent ways that each nation adapted coercion in response to civil society resistance. Each nation has moved up and down a continuum of coercion searching for a policy that balances overcoming passive noncompliance without engendering active resistance. Arriving at different balancing points between these two objectives, the three nations have now institutionalized policies with different degrees of coercion. CONCLUSIONS: This research shows that vaccination policy is not just created top-down by the state, but through an ongoing interactive process with citizens and civil society. Furthermore, as vaccination is a "wicked problem" that faces ongoing civil society resistance, states will need to perpetually adapt the coerciveness of their policies into the foreseeable future.

SARS, pandemic influenza and Ebola: The disease control styles of Britain and the United States.

Some researchers claim that nation states have begun to conform to an internationally uniform response to infectious disease. A potential barrier to this development are the distinct systems of disease control that industrialized nation states have developed over long periods of time. I explain the divergent public policy responses of the United Kingdom and the United States to SARS, pandemic influenza and Ebola by taking a historical approach. I examine the different medical theories of disease that existed in Britain and America in the nineteenth century as each country began to develop its public health system. I also examine where in the state apparatus disease control was located in each country. In Britain disease control was historically part of the welfare sector of the state, while in the United States it was originally operated by the military. These different starting conditions helped push Britain and the United States along different paths of disease control and this helps explain why they respond to contemporary diseases in such different ways. The 'historical durability' national styles of disease may make it more difficult for the international community to enact a truly uniform response to pandemics.

Evaluation of a porcine collagen matrix used to augment keratinized tissue and increase soft tissue thickness around existing dental implants.

Implant-supported prostheses often present with mucogingival deficiencies that may cause esthetic or hygienic issues. These issues may present as limited or no keratinized tissue, irregular soft tissue contour or concavity, and gray "showthrough" of the implant abutment and root forms. An interpositional soft tissue graft substitute that generates keratinized tissue and increases soft tissue thickness would be beneficial, as it would reduce donor site morbidity and be available in unlimited, off-the-shelf supply. Thirty patients were assessed as part of a multicenter, practice-based evaluation of the material. A xenogeneic collagen matrix was placed as an interpositional graft on the buccal aspect of implant sites; sites were reassessed at 6 months posttreatment. Results indicated that the collagen matrix increased tissue thickness and keratinized tissue around existing dental implants.

A subtractive radiographic template for computer-guided surgery.

The procedure for creating a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufactured surgical template with the NobelClinician software was originally designed for the completely edentulous arch. With the development of new techniques and expanded functions in the software, guided surgery for the partially edentulous became a viable option. As of yet, few protocols have been reported for the guided surgery of immediate implants with the NobelClinician software. A new technique is described whereby the radiographic template is modified to allow the use of guided surgery for the immediate placement of dental implants after extractions.

A single appointment protocol to create a partially edentulous CAD/CAM guided surgical template: a clinical report.

The traditional technique for creating a CAD/CAM surgical template with a NobelGuide protocol is to fabricate a radiographic template that depicts the planned tooth position first. Multiple appointments are needed for the fabrication of the radiographic template with Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) before the surgical procedure can start. An alternative technique is described for fabricating a radiographic template at the initial examination appointment and capturing the necessary DICOM data to plan and fabricate a CAD/CAM surgical template in a 1-appointment protocol, thereby saving the patient and clinician time and reducing the need for multiple appointments.

Fenóis totais, peroxidase e suas relações com a compatibilidade de mudas de pessegueiro interenxertadas / Total phenols content, peroxidase activity and their relationship with the compatibility of the intergrafted seedlings of peach tree

O conhecimento das relações entre porta-enxerto e copa é vital para produção de mudas sem problemas de compatibilidade. Nesse sentido, a atividade de peroxidases e a concentração de fenóis apresentam grande importância na união entre enxerto e porta-enxerto, influenciando na resposta de compatibilidade de enxertia. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a compatibilidade de enxertia em mudas de pessegueiro interenxertadas, quantificando a atividade da peroxidase e a concentração dos fenóis totais em cultivares do gênero Prunus, no período de crescimento vegetativo e de repouso. Amostras da casca foram processadas e quantificadas por espectrofotometria. Os tratamentos foram a combinação de dois porta-enxertos de pessegueiro ('Okinawa' e 'Capdeboscq'), com dois interenxertos de ameixeira ('Irati' e 'Reubennel') e duas copas ('Chimarrita' e 'Coral'), mais o damasqueiro Japonês e cerejeira 'Capulin', cultivados no viveiro da Embrapa Transferência de Tecnologia, Canoinhas-SC. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com três repetições e três plantas por parcela. Concluiu-se que a atividade da peroxidase e os fenóis totais apresentaram baixa variação entre o pessegueiro e a ameixeira, sendo compatíveis entre si. A atividade da peroxidase e os fenóis totais foram superiores no período de repouso das mudas. O damasqueiro e a cerejeira apresentaram alta incompatibilidade, quando enxertados sobre porta-enxertos de pessegueiro.

The understanding of the biochemical relation between rootstock and scion is very important for the production of seedlings without incompatibility problems. The activity of peroxidases and the phenol concentration are very important to the union between scion and rootstock, influencing the graft compatibility. This work aimed to analyze the compatibility of graft in peach tree intergrafted seedlings, to determine the peroxidase activity and total phenols in cultivars of Prunus, during the vegetative growth and dormancy period. Samples of bark were processed and quantified by spectrophotometry. The treatments included the combination of two rootstocks ('Okinawa' and 'Capdeboscq'), two interstock (plum tree 'Irati' and 'Reubennel') and two scions ('Chimarrita' and 'Coral'), and the Japanese apricot and cherry 'Capulin' cultivated at Embrapa Technology Transfer Station, Canoinhas-SC. The experimental design was the completely randomized blocks with three replications, each one with three plants. The peroxidase activity and total phenols content presented low variation between the peach tree and the plum tree, being compatible among them. Tissues collected during the dormancy period showed greater peroxidase activity than tissues from vegetative phase. The Japanese apricot and cherry present high incompatibility when grafted on peach rootstock.

The peri-implant papilla: realities on papilla preservation and reformation.

The purpose of this article is to provide clinicians with an understanding of the biologic parameters influencing peri-implant papilla preservation and reformation. The article reviews peri-implant papilla reconstruction techniques with emphasis on presurgical bone and soft tissue biotype assessment. Hard tissue management via surgical and orthodontic procedures is also summarized. Finally, the article discusses important implant selection and positioning characteristics, soft tissue augmentation, and emergence profile considerations in the esthetic peri-implant zone.

Qualidade de frutos de caqui 'Jiro' ensacados com diferentes embalagens / Fruit quality of 'Jiro' japanese persimmon fruits bagged with different types of packings

A técnica de ensacamento de frutos vem sendo utilizadas por muitos produtores, visando a melhorqualidade de frutos, redução de aplicação de agrotóxicos e diminuição dos danos provocados porpragas e doenças. O presente trabalho avaliou a qualidade de frutos de caquizeiro 'Jiro' ensacados comdiferentes tipos de embalagens. O experimento foi conduzido no pomar de caquizeiro da FazendaExperimental do Canguiri da UFPR, localizada em Pinhais-PR. A adubação e o manejo do pomar foirealizado de forma orgânica. Os tratamentos foram: saco plástico microperfurado, saco de papel pardo,saco de papel manteiga, saco de jornal e testemunha sem ensacamento. O delineamento experimental foiem blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições, sendo cada planta considerada um bloco. Cada parcela foicomposta de 20 frutos. O ensacamento foi realizado após a queda fisiológica dos frutos jovens,procurando-se distribuir os tipos de sacos aleatoriamente dentro de cada planta. A avaliação foi realizadaapós 77 dias do ensacamento, verificando-se o número de frutos colhidos por parcela, massa dos frutos,diâmetro dos frutos, número de frutos em cada categoria de maturação, número de frutos infectados porsujeira-de-mosca (Schyzothyrium pomi) e teor de sólidos solúveis. Houve diferença entre os tratamentosapenas na incidência de sujeira-de-mosca e na porcentagem de coloração dos frutos. O ensacamento decaqui com sacos de jornal ou papel pardo reduziu a incidência do fungo S. pomi e a coloração daepiderme dos frutos. O tamanho e teor de sólidos solúveis não foram influenciados pelo ensacamento.

The bagging technique of fruits comes being used by many producers, aiming at the fruit quality,reduction of application of agro toxics and reduction of the damages caused by insects and diseases.The present work evaluated the quality of bagging fruits of 'Jiro' japanese persimmon with differenttypes of bags. The experiment was lead in the orchard of Japanese persimmon of the Experimental Farmof the Canguiri of the UFPR, located in Pinhais-PR. The fertilization and the management of the orchardwere entirely organic. The treatments had been: microperforated plastic bag, brown kraft paper bag,butter-like paper bag, newspaper bag and without bagging. The experimental design used was randomizedblocks with five replicates, being each plant considered a block. Each parcel was composed by 20 fruits.The bagging was made after the physiological fall of the young fruits, distributing the types of bags aleatorely inside each plant. The evaluation was 77 days after bagging, verifying the number of fruitsharvested, mass of the fruits, diameter of the fruits, number of fruits in each category of maturation,number of fruits attacked with Schyzothyrium pomi and soluble solids content. The results were significantonly in the incidence of S. pomi and in the percentage of coloration of the fruits. The bagging withnewspaper and brown kraft bags reduced the incidence of S. Pomi and the color of fruits. The size andthe soluble solids content were not affected by bagging

Enraizamento de estacas lenhosas de ameixeiras tratadas com ácido indolbutírico / Rooting of hardwood cuttings from plum treated with indolbutiric acid

Considerando o grande interesse pela ameixeira no mercado de frutas, existe a necessidade de buscar técnicas mais eficientes na produção de mudas de qualidade e com maior uniformidade. Buscou-se, neste trabalho, verificar o potencial de enraizamento de estacas lenhosas de 12 cultivares de ameixeira (América, Amarelinha, Letícia, Pluma 7, Reubennel, Rosa Mineira, Santa Rita, Santa Rosa, Simka, The First, Wade e XV de novembro) tratadas com ácido indolbutírico (AIB), em concentrações de 0, 1000 e 3000mg L-1, em imersão rápida por 5 segundos na sua parte basal. O estudo foi desenvolvido de junho a setembro de 2004, na EMBRAPA Transferência de Tecnologia, localizada no município de Canoinhas, SC. Estacas lenhosas foram coletadas de plantas matrizes de dois anos, situadas em casa-de-vegetação e padronizadas com um comprimento médio de 12cm e diâmetro de 6mm, sendo acondicionadas em bandejas de poliestireno expandido com 72 células de 0,000015m3, contendo vermiculita como substrato e mantidas em casa de vegetação sem nebulização intermitente por 97 dias. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições e 12 estacas por parcela. As maiores porcentagens de enraizamento (acima de 70 por cento) foram obtidas nas estacas das cultivares XV de Novembro, Rosa Mineira e Santa Rita. A aplicação de 1000mg L-1 AIB, foi melhor no enraizamento de estacas de ameixeira proporcionando maior número de raízes por estaca e maior comprimento das raízes.

Tratamientos de suplencia estrogenica despues de la menopausia / Estrogen replacement treatment after menopause

A medida que aumenta la edad de la poblacion aumenta tambien el numero de mujeres que viviran muchos anos mas alla de la menopausia. La deprivacion de estrogenos que se origina con la menopausia causa numerosas alteraciones degenerativas en el organismo femenino, algunas de las cuales pueden producir sintomas desagradables o incluso incapacitantes. Para poder mantener un buen estado de salud y vitalidad en las mujeres menopausicas y postmenopausicas, debe considerarse seriamente la posibilidad de una terapia hormonal apropiada. Aunque este tipo de tratamiento conlleva algunos riesgos, los beneficios parecen ser superiores