RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Tinea capitis impacts negatively on the health of children, consequently affecting their education. Its prevalence is unknown in many African communities. Tinea capitis is faced with therapeutic challenges as resistance to all classes of antifungal agents continues to emerge. This study determined the prevalence, identified dermatophytes of Tinea capitis in Okelele community in North Central Nigeria; and evaluated the susceptibility of isolates to selected antifungal drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred and one pupils from seven primary schools in the locality who gave assent and those with parental consent were recruited into the study. Scalp scrapings and hairs were collected from participants and subjected to microscopy and culture. Isolates identified by colonial morphology and micromorphology were subjected to disk diffusion antifungal susceptibility testing. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-eight of the participants had mycologically proven Tinea capitis giving a prevalence of 75.7%. The dermatophytes identified were T. rubrum (68.0%), M. ferrugineum (22.0%), T. mentagrophytes (8.0%) and T. verrucosum (2.0%). Resistance observed with these isolates was as low as 21.2% to as high as 100% while sensitivity ranged from 78.8% to 100%. Only large family size significantly influenced the occurrence of T. capitis among the risk factors. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of Tinea capitis from this study is high. T. rubrum being anthropophilic and the predominant dermatophyte identified corroborates large family size as an important risk factor. Antifungal resistance as a cause of therapeutic failure was demonstrated by some isolates in this study.
RESUMO
In this retrospective study, we determined the incidence, serovars, and antibiogram of Vibrio cholerae isolated from 102 clinical stool samples collected from rice water diarrheic patients during an outbreak (May - July 2017) in Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria. The culture positive rate of the V. cholerae isolates was 41.2%, with 41 and 1 isolates from O1 (Inaba) and non-O1/O139 serogroups, respectively. The isolates were the most susceptible to ciprofloxacin (76.2%) followed by amoxicillin-clavulanate (71.4%). However, all isolates were resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline. In conclusion, V. cholerae O1 was the predominant circulating serogroup exhibiting multi-drug resistance during the outbreak.
RESUMO
In this retrospective study, we determined the incidence, serovars, and antibiogram of Vibrio cholerae isolated from 102 clinical stool samples collected from rice water diarrheic patients during an outbreak (May - July 2017) in Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria. The culture positive rate of the V. cholerae isolates was 41.2%, with 41 and 1 isolates from O1 (Inaba) and non-O1/O139 serogroups, respectively. The isolates were the most susceptible to ciprofloxacin (76.2%) followed by amoxicillin-clavulanate (71.4%). However, all isolates were resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline. In conclusion, V. cholerae O1 was the predominant circulating serogroup exhibiting multi-drug resistance during the outbreak.
RESUMO
Purpose: To determine the association between isolates in the middle ear (ME) and nasopharynx of patients with chronic otitis media in Ilorin, north-central Nigeria. Methods: An ethically approved case control study was carried out in the Ear, Nose, and Throat clinic amongst consenting cases using normal subjects as controls. A microbiology investigation form giving the results for otoscopy, aspirate and swabs was filled out for both the ME and nasopharynx. The experimental procedure was carried out and bacteria were identified according to colony characteristics, morphological appearance, Gram-staining, and standard biochemical testing. Data obtained were analysed with SPSS version 16.0 and Epi Info 3.5.1 using the mean, standard deviation and chi-square results. Results: A total of 140 cases and 70 controls, were recruited. The Gram stain reaction of the ME aspirates were positive in 28.6% and negative in 71.4% of cases. Nasopharyngeal swabs revealed 64.3% Gram positive and 35.7% negative organisms. Overall, there was no relationship between the ME and nasopharyngeal isolates amongst cases, with a P value of 0.000. However, there was a relationship amongst the isolate from the nasopharynx of cases and controls, with the exception of Klebsiella pneumoniae, at P < 0.009. Conclusion: There was no relationship amongst the bacterial isolate from the ME and nasopharyngeal specimen of patients with otitis media.
