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1.
PLoS One ; 9(1): e83683, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24421899

RESUMO

Many haematophagous insects produce factors that help their blood meal and coincidently favor pathogen transmission. However nothing is known about the ability of Culicoides midges to interfere with the infectivity of the viruses they transmit. Among these, Bluetongue Virus (BTV) induces a hemorrhagic fever- type disease and its recent emergence in Europe had a major economical impact. We observed that needle inoculation of BTV8 in the site of uninfected C. nubeculosus feeding reduced viraemia and clinical disease intensity compared to plain needle inoculation. The sheep that developed the highest local inflammatory reaction had the lowest viral load, suggesting that the inflammatory response to midge bites may participate in the individual sensitivity to BTV viraemia development. Conversely compared to needle inoculation, inoculation of BTV8 by infected C. nubeculosus bites promoted viraemia and clinical symptom expression, in association with delayed IFN- induced gene expression and retarded neutralizing antibody responses. The effects of uninfected and infected midge bites on BTV viraemia and on the host response indicate that BTV transmission by infected midges is the most reliable experimental method to study the physio-pathological events relevant to a natural infection and to pertinent vaccine evaluation in the target species. It also leads the way to identify the promoting viral infectivity factors of infected Culicoides in order to possibly develop new control strategies against BTV and other Culicoides transmitted viruses.


Assuntos
Mordeduras e Picadas/imunologia , Vírus Bluetongue/fisiologia , Bluetongue/parasitologia , Ceratopogonidae/fisiologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita/imunologia , Ovinos/parasitologia , Ovinos/virologia , Animais , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/imunologia , Mordeduras e Picadas/genética , Mordeduras e Picadas/parasitologia , Mordeduras e Picadas/virologia , Células Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Células Sanguíneas/parasitologia , Bluetongue/genética , Bluetongue/imunologia , Bluetongue/virologia , Temperatura Corporal , Linhagem Celular , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita/genética , Imunidade Humoral/genética , Inflamação/patologia , Interferons/metabolismo , Agulhas , Ovinos/sangue , Ovinos/imunologia , Viremia/parasitologia , Viremia/virologia
2.
J Virol ; 86(21): 11789-99, 2012 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22915805

RESUMO

Bluetongue virus (BTV), an arthropod-borne member of the Reoviridae family, is a double-stranded RNA virus that causes an economically important livestock disease that has spread across Europe in recent decades. Production of type I interferon (alpha/beta interferon [IFN-α/ß]) has been reported in vivo and in vitro upon BTV infection. However, the cellular sensors and signaling pathways involved in this process remain unknown. Here we studied the mechanisms responsible for the production of IFN-ß in response to BTV serotype 8. Upon BTV infection of A549 cells, expression of IFN-ß and other proinflammatory cytokines was strongly induced at both the protein and mRNA levels. This response appeared to be dependent on virus replication, since exposure to UV-inactivated virus failed to induce IFN-ß. We also demonstrated that BTV infection activated the transcription factors IFN regulatory factor 3 and nuclear factor κB. We investigated the role of several pattern recognition receptors in this response and showed that expression of IFN-ß was greatly reduced after small-interfering-RNA-mediated knockdown of the RNA helicase encoded by retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) or melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5). In contrast, silencing of MyD88, Toll-like receptor 3, or the recently described DexD/H-box helicase DDX1 sensor had no or a weak effect on IFN-ß induction, suggesting that the RIG-I-like receptor pathway is specifically engaged for BTV sensing. Moreover, we also showed that overexpression of either RIG-I or MDA5 impaired BTV expression in infected A549 cells. Overall, this indicates that RIG-I and MDA5 can both contribute to the recognition and control of BTV infection.


Assuntos
Vírus Bluetongue/imunologia , RNA Helicases DEAD-box/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/virologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Interferon beta/biossíntese , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Proteína DEAD-box 58 , RNA Helicases DEAD-box/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Inativação Gênica , Humanos , Helicase IFIH1 Induzida por Interferon , Interferon beta/genética , Receptores Imunológicos
3.
J Virol ; 86(10): 5817-28, 2012 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22438548

RESUMO

Dendritic cells (DCs), especially plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), produce large amounts of alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/ß) upon infection with DNA or RNA viruses, which has impacts on the physiopathology of the viral infections and on the quality of the adaptive immunity. However, little is known about the IFN-α/ß production by DCs during infections by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses. We present here novel information about the production of IFN-α/ß induced by bluetongue virus (BTV), a vector-borne dsRNA Orbivirus of ruminants, in sheep primary DCs. We found that BTV induced IFN-α/ß in skin lymph and in blood in vivo. Although BTV replicated in a substantial fraction of the conventional DCs (cDCs) and pDCs in vitro, only pDCs responded to BTV by producing a significant amount of IFN-α/ß. BTV replication in pDCs was not mandatory for IFN-α/ß production since it was still induced by UV-inactivated BTV (UV-BTV). Other inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-12p40, were also induced by UV-BTV in primary pDCs. The induction of IFN-α/ß required endo-/lysosomal acidification and maturation. However, despite being an RNA virus, UV-BTV did not signal through Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) for IFN-α/ß induction. In contrast, pathways involving the MyD88 adaptor and kinases dsRNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) were implicated. This work highlights the importance of pDCs for the production of innate immunity cytokines induced by a dsRNA virus, and it shows that a dsRNA virus can induce IFN-α/ß in pDCs via a novel TLR-independent and Myd88-dependent pathway. These findings have implications for the design of efficient vaccines against dsRNA viruses.


Assuntos
Vírus Bluetongue/imunologia , Bluetongue/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Interferon Tipo I/imunologia , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide/imunologia , Receptor 7 Toll-Like/imunologia , Receptor 8 Toll-Like/imunologia , Animais , Bluetongue/genética , Bluetongue/virologia , Vírus Bluetongue/genética , Vírus Bluetongue/fisiologia , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/virologia , Feminino , Imunidade Inata , Interferon Tipo I/genética , Glicoproteínas de Membrana , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide/genética , Receptores de Interleucina-1 , Ovinos/imunologia , Ovinos/virologia , Transdução de Sinais , Receptor 7 Toll-Like/genética , Receptor 8 Toll-Like/genética
4.
Vet Res ; 42: 19, 2011 Feb 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21314903

RESUMO

At birth, the immune system is still in development making neonates more susceptible to infections. The recognition of microbial ligands is a key step in the initiation of immune responses. It can be mimicked to stimulate the immune system by the use of synthetic ligands recognising pattern recognition receptors. In human and mouse, it has been found that neonatal cytokine responses to toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands differ in many ways from those of adults but the relevant studies have been limited to cord blood and spleen cells. In this study, we compared the responses in neonate and adult sheep to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN), a TLR9 ligand, in both a mucosal and a systemic organ. We observed that in response to CpG-ODN more IL-12 was produced by neonatal than adult sheep cells from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spleen. This higher IL-12 response was limited to the first 20 days after birth for MLN cells but persisted for a longer period for spleen cells. The major IL-12-producing cells were identified as CD14+CD11b+. These cells were poor producers of IL-12 in response to direct stimulation with CpG-ODN and required the cooperation of other MLN cells. The difference in response to CpG-ODN between neonates and adults can be attributed to both a higher proportion of CD14+CD11b+ cells in neonate lambs and their higher capacity to produce IL-15. The IL-15 increases IL-12 production by an amplifying feedback loop involving CD40.


Assuntos
Citocinas/genética , Interleucina-12/biossíntese , Oligodesoxirribonucleotídeos/farmacologia , Ovinos/imunologia , Receptores Toll-Like/genética , Fatores Etários , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais Recém-Nascidos/imunologia , Colistina/administração & dosagem , Colistina/farmacologia , Colostro/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Citometria de Fluxo/veterinária , Interleucina-15/biossíntese , Ligantes , Linfonodos/imunologia , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão/veterinária , Oligodesoxirribonucleotídeos/administração & dosagem , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , RNA/genética , RNA/metabolismo , Ovinos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Baço/imunologia , Receptores Toll-Like/metabolismo
6.
J Immunol ; 180(9): 5963-72, 2008 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18424716

RESUMO

Conventional dendritic cells enter lymph nodes by migrating from peripheral tissues via the lymphatic route, whereas plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), also called IFN-producing cells (IPC), are described to gain nodes from blood via the high endothelial venules. We demonstrate here that IPC/pDC migrate in the afferent lymph of two large mammals. In sheep, injection of type A CpG oligodinucleotide (ODN) induced lymph cells to produce type I IFN. Furthermore, low-density lymph cells collected at steady state produced type I IFN after stimulation with type A CpG ODN and enveloped viruses. Sheep lymph IPC were found within a minor B(neg)CD11c(neg) subset expressing CD45RB. They presented a plasmacytoid morphology, expressed high levels of TLR-7, TLR-9, and IFN regulatory factor 7 mRNA, induced IFN-gamma production in allogeneic CD4(pos) T cells, and differentiated into dendritic cell-like cells under viral stimulation, thus fulfilling criteria of bona fide pDC. In mini-pig, a CD4(pos)SIRP(pos) subset in afferent lymph cells, corresponding to pDC homologs, produced type I IFN after type A CpG-ODN triggering. Thus, pDC can link innate and acquired immunity by migrating from tissue to draining node via lymph, similarly to conventional dendritic cells.


Assuntos
Movimento Celular/fisiologia , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Imunidade Inata/fisiologia , Linfa/imunologia , Plasmócitos/imunologia , Pele/imunologia , Animais , Antígeno CD11c/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/citologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Dendríticas/citologia , Feminino , Imunidade Inata/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator Regulador 7 de Interferon/imunologia , Interferon Tipo I/imunologia , Antígenos Comuns de Leucócito/imunologia , Linfa/citologia , Linfonodos/citologia , Linfonodos/imunologia , Oligodesoxirribonucleotídeos/imunologia , Oligodesoxirribonucleotídeos/farmacologia , Plasmócitos/citologia , Ovinos , Pele/citologia , Suínos , Porco Miniatura , Receptor 7 Toll-Like/imunologia , Receptor Toll-Like 9/imunologia , Vírus/imunologia
7.
Bull Acad Natl Med ; 192(6): 1207-14; discussion 1214, 2008.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19235483

RESUMO

Domestic animals can be complementary to experimental mice for studying certain aspects of immunology. For example, they can offer surgical access to the physiology of lymphoid organs in vivo, in utero immunisation for studies of immune system ontogeny, and the pathogenesis of infections in their natural target species.


Assuntos
Alergia e Imunologia , Animais Domésticos , Pesquisa , Animais
8.
Ann N Y Acad Sci ; 1081: 130-6, 2006 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17135502

RESUMO

Both innate and adaptative immune responses contribute to the control of infectious diseases, including by limiting the spreading of zoonotic diseases from animal reservoirs to humans. Pigs represent an important animal reservoir for influenza virus infection of human populations and are also naturally infected by coronaviruses, an important group of viruses, which includes the recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus. Studies on both innate and adaptative immune responses of pigs to influenza virus and coronaviruses contribute, therefore, to a better control of these infections in their natural hosts and will be briefly reviewed in this article. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including type I interferon (IFN), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were found in lung secretions of influenza virus infected pigs, and correlated with the intensity of clinical signs, whereas prior vaccination against influenza strongly reduced the production of infectious virus and cytokines in the lungs upon challenge, which was associated with clinical protection. An early type I IFN production was also found in coronavirus infected pigs, including at mucosal sites. IFN induction by coronavirus is shown to involve interaction between a viral glycoprotein and a leukocyte subset, likely equivalent to plasmacytoid dendritic cells, present in the mucosae and associated lymphoid tissues. Given the IFN mediated antiviral and immunomodulatory effects, the use of IFN or IFN inducers may prove an efficient strategy for a better control of influenza virus and coronavirus infections in pigs. Because influenza and coronaviruses target mucosal surfaces, adaptative immune responses have to be characterized at mucosal sites. Thus, nasal and pulmonary antibody responses were analyzed in influenza virus infected or vaccinated pigs showing short-lived, but potentially protective local IgA and IgG antibody (Ab) responses. Interestingly, primary influenza virus infection induced long-lived increase of lung CD8(+) T cells and local lymphoproliferative responses. Pigs infected by a respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) showed virus-specific IgG Ab-secreting cells in the bronchial lymph nodes, whereas the transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) induced more IgA Ab-secreting cells in gut tissues, which illustrates the importance of the route of antigen administration for inducing local immune effector mechanisms. Porcine viral infections provide, therefore, valuable models for evaluating the immune parameters that are important for controlling transmission of important viral zoonotic infections.


Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/veterinária , Gastroenterite Suína Transmissível/imunologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/imunologia , Vacinação/veterinária , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Formação de Anticorpos , Células Produtoras de Anticorpos/imunologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/imunologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Coronavirus/transmissão , Reservatórios de Doenças/veterinária , Gastroenterite Suína Transmissível/prevenção & controle , Gastroenterite Suína Transmissível/transmissão , Humanos , Imunidade Inata , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/transmissão , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle , Doenças dos Suínos/transmissão
9.
J Gen Virol ; 87(Pt 8): 2145-2148, 2006 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16847109

RESUMO

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is able to counteract the alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta)-mediated antiviral response for efficient replication in a host-specific manner. Mice models have been developed for experimental infection with human, but not bovine, respiratory syncytial virus strains. Here, it is shown that BRSV can replicate efficiently on primary cell cultures derived from type I IFN receptor-deficient, but not from wild-type IFN-competent, mice. However, BRSV infection was not enhanced in mice devoid of the type I IFN receptor. These results show that type I IFN is a major host-range determinant for infection at the cellular level, but that other factors control virus replication and pathology in vivo.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Membrana/fisiologia , Receptores de Interferon/fisiologia , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/virologia , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Bovino/fisiologia , Replicação Viral , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Receptor de Interferon alfa e beta , Receptores de Interferon/genética
10.
J Leukoc Biol ; 79(2): 268-76, 2006 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16330534

RESUMO

Dendritic cells (DC) are recognized as sentinels, which capture antigens in tissue and migrate to the lymph node, where they initiate immune responses. However, when a vaccine strain of green fluorescent protein-expressing Salmonella abortusovis (SAO) was inoculated into sheep oral mucosa, it induced accumulation of myeloid non-DC in the subcapsular sinus and paracortex of the draining lymph node, and SAO was mainly found associated with these cells (granulocytes and macrophages) but rarely with DC. To analyze how bacteria reached lymph nodes, we used cervical pseudo-afferent lymph duct catheterization. We showed that Salmonella administered in the oral mucosa were traveling free in lymph or associated with cells, largely with lymph monocytes and granulocytes but less with DC. SAO also induced a strong influx of these phagocytic cells in afferent lymph. Migrating DC presented a semi-mature phenotype, and SAO administration did not alter their expression of major histocompatibility complex type 2 and coactivation molecules. Compared with blood counterparts, lymph monocytes expressed lower levels of CD40, and granulocytes expressed higher levels of CD80. The data suggest that immunity to bacteria may result from the complex interplay between a mixture of phagocytic cell types, which transport antigens and are massively recruited via lymph to decisional lymph nodes.


Assuntos
Quimiotaxia de Leucócito/imunologia , Granulócitos/imunologia , Linfonodos/imunologia , Monócitos/imunologia , Salmonelose Animal/imunologia , Salmonella/imunologia , Animais , Células Dendríticas , Feminino , Granulócitos/microbiologia , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/imunologia , Monócitos/microbiologia , Mucosa Bucal/imunologia , Fenótipo , Salmonelose Animal/microbiologia , Ovinos
11.
Vaccine ; 23(10): 1258-64, 2005 Jan 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15652668

RESUMO

The presence of unmethylated CpG motifs in bacterial plasmids is thought to provide necessary immunoadjuvant signals to DNA vaccination. We took advantage of CpG-unresponsive toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) knock-out mice to study whether this pathway was required to generate immune responses to DNA vaccination. We compared two vectors, one encoding the surface glycoprotein C of pseudorabies virus shown to protect target animals against challenge, and the other encoding the cytoplasmic enzyme beta-galactosidase. In the absence of TLR9, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells lost their ability to secrete IL-12 and type I IFN in response not only to CpG as expected but also to the plasmids used for vaccination. In contrast, DNA vaccination experiments showed that TLR9-deficient mice were able to mount Th1-biased antigen-specific antibody and IFN-gamma responses, albeit at lower levels than normal mice. Thus, TLR9 signaling is not needed for eliciting T- and B-cell responses to DNA encoded antigens. However, TLR9 signaling tended to enhance plasmid-adjuvant effects on antigen-specific immune responses.


Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/fisiologia , Plasmídeos/imunologia , Receptores de Superfície Celular/fisiologia , Vacinas de DNA/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos/análise , Primers do DNA , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Imunidade Celular/genética , Imunidade Celular/imunologia , Imunização , Indicadores e Reagentes , Interferon gama/biossíntese , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Receptores de Superfície Celular/genética , Células Th1/imunologia , Receptor Toll-Like 9
12.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol ; 100(1-2): 99-103, 2004 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15182999

RESUMO

The European Veterinary Immunology Group (EVIG) was founded under the auspices of the European Federation of Immunologic Societies (EFIS) in 2001, and held its first meeting in autumn 2003 in Berlin. Here, we summarize the short history of this group, report on the workshop in Berlin and outline some future perspectives up to the next meeting scheduled for 2006 in Paris.


Assuntos
Alergia e Imunologia , Medicina Veterinária , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Sociedades Médicas/história
13.
Immunology ; 110(4): 440-9, 2003 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14632641

RESUMO

Peripheral blood contains two major particular infrequent dendritic cells (DC) subsets linking the innate and specific immune system, the myeloid DC and plasmacytoid DC equivalent to the natural interferon-producing cells (NIPC). The functional characterization of these cells demands large volumes of blood, making a large animal model more appropriate and beneficial for certain studies. Here, two subsets of porcine blood mononuclear cells expressing swine workshop cluster 3 (SWC3, a SIRP family member), are described and compared to monocytes. The blood DC specialized in T-cell stimulation were major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II+, CD80/86+, CD1+/-, CD4-, and in contrast to monocytes CD14-. A CD16- and a CD16+ subset could be discriminated. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3 were survival factors for this DC subset, and culture induced an up-regulation of MHC class II and CD80/86. The second subset described, are porcine NIPC, typically CD4++, MHC class IIlow, CD80/86low, CD1-, CD8-/low, CD16-/low and CD45RA-/low. Porcine NIPC had high interleukin-3 binding capacity, and survived in response to this cytokine. Their unique function was strong interferon type I secretion after virus stimulation. Both subsets were endocytically active when freshly isolated, and down-regulated this activity after in vitro maturation. Taken together, the present report has delineated porcine blood DC and NIPC, permitting a more detailed understanding of innate immune defences, particularly in response to infections.


Assuntos
Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Interferons/biossíntese , Animais , Antígenos CD/imunologia , Antígenos CD4/imunologia , Adesão Celular/imunologia , Sobrevivência Celular , Células Cultivadas , Citometria de Fluxo/métodos , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/imunologia , Imunofenotipagem/métodos , Receptores de Lipopolissacarídeos/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Microscopia Confocal/métodos , Monócitos/imunologia , Suínos , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Regulação para Cima/imunologia
14.
Vet Res ; 34(4): 389-404, 2003.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12911856

RESUMO

A better understanding of cell-mediated immune responses to classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is essential for the future development of improved vaccines. We analyzed the generation of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in d/d histocompatible pigs following CSFV infection or vaccination. Viral infection induced high T cell responses with high primary and secondary CTL activity correlated with high IFN-gamma production, whereas vaccination with a live vaccine followed by infection mainly induced neutralizing antibody but low cell-mediated responses. Moreover, high IgG1 response was associated with high IFN-gamma response following infection whereas a weak IFN-gamma response was related to a good IgG2 response but a low IgG1 production. These data could reflect Th1/Th2-like balance of immune responses depending upon immunization protocols, which has not yet been described in the pig. T-cell responses to CSFV were evidenced by CSFV-specific CD25 upregulation on CD4-CD8+, but not on CD4+CD8- cells, which further illustrated the importance of CTL responses after infection. Our results indicated that generation of cell-mediated immune responses was much higher following intranasal/oral CSFV infection than after intramuscular vaccination, which implies that the capacity of new CSFV vaccines to induce higher T-cell responses should be considered.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vírus da Febre Suína Clássica/imunologia , Peste Suína Clássica/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/biossíntese , Peste Suína Clássica/virologia , Vírus da Febre Suína Clássica/genética , Imunidade Celular/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/biossíntese , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Interferon gama/biossíntese , Interferon gama/genética , Cinética , Ativação Linfocitária , Testes de Neutralização/veterinária , RNA Viral/sangue , Suínos , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/imunologia , Vacinação/veterinária , Vacinas Virais/imunologia
15.
J Gen Virol ; 81(Pt 11): 2675-2682, 2000 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11038379

RESUMO

The homologous genes vig1 and cig5 were identified by differential display PCR as virus-induced genes in rainbow trout and humans, respectively. These genes are significantly related to sequences required for the biosynthesis of metal cofactors, but their function remains unknown. In this study, it is shown that the mouse homologue of vig1/cig5 was induced by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and pseudorabies virus (PrV) in mouse spleen cells. Among a collection of cell lines from dendritic, myeloid, lymphoid or fibroblast lineages, only the dendritic cell line, D2SC1, showed expression of mvig after virus infection. This dendritic restriction was confirmed by our finding that mvig was also induced by both VSV and PrV in CD11c(++) spleen cells, separated by magnetic purification or derived from bone marrow precursor cells. Similar to the fish rhabdovirus viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus in trout cells, VSV directly induced mvig in the dendritic cell line D2SC1, but the PrV-mediated induction required the integrity of the interferon pathway. This result indicates that mvig is interferon-inducible like its fish and human homologues. Furthermore, mvig was also induced by LPS in bone marrow-derived cells. Thus, mvig expression seems to correlate with an activated state of dendritic cells subjected to different pathogen-associated stimuli.


Assuntos
Células Dendríticas/virologia , Regulação Viral da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Herpesvirus Suídeo 1/fisiologia , Proteínas , Pseudorraiva/virologia , Infecções por Rhabdoviridae/virologia , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/fisiologia , Proteínas Virais/fisiologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Células Dendríticas/fisiologia , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia
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