Unpacking the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between ideal-actual self-discrepancy, stressful life events, depression and anxiety: Results from 1,144 young people in an epidemiological study in Hong Kong.

BACKGROUND: Self-discrepancy is associated with poorer mental health, yet its mechanism is understudied. A recent study found that resilience plays a moderating role in the relationship between self-discrepancy and depressive symptoms in adults. The current study investigated whether there were any similar relationships among young people aged 15 to 24 years. METHODS: As part of the ongoing Hong Kong Epidemiological Study of Mental Health (HK-YES) project, the current study analysed data from 1,144 participants who provided complete data on ideal-actual selfdiscrepancy, psychiatric conditions, resilience level and recent stressful life events (SLEs). RESULTS: Ideal-actual self-discrepancies were associated with increased depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as odds of 12-month major depressive episodes (MDEs) and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD). All these associations became nonsignificant after adjusting for resilience. Separate models found resilience mediating rather than moderating the relationship. According to four-way decomposition, the pure indirect effect explained most of the total effects of self-discrepancy on mental health conditions. The mediation effects on symptom severity were recently revealed to be more prominent among individuals with substantial exposure to SLE. CONCLUSIONS: Resilience functions mainly as a mediator in the relationship between self-discrepancy and mental health conditions, and its effect is weakened by the exposure of SLEs. Important implications are discussed regarding the use of resilience-focused interventions and the consideration of recent adversity.

Sociodemographic correlates of public stigma about mental illness: a population study on Hong Kong's Chinese population.

BACKGROUND: Individuals with psychiatric disorders are often unwilling to seek help or often follow treatment regimens, fearing public stigma. This study identified the sociodemographic correlates of public stigma while accounting for mental health literacy and life satisfaction. METHODS: This study analysed data for 1514 individuals who participated in a population-based random telephone survey conducted in 2018. Sociodemographic characteristics included gender, age, education level, and occupation. Data on public stigma, mental health literacy, and life satisfaction were also collected. Multiple linear regression was conducted to examine the effects of sociodemographic characteristics on public stigma. A moderation analysis was performed to investigate the role of age and education in the relationship between mental health literacy and public stigma. RESULTS: Sociodemographic characteristics, such as female gender, older age, lower education, and occupation (particularly retired and homemakers), were associated with a higher public stigma. The association between public stigma and mental health literacy was the most significant among individuals aged 50 years and above with lower education levels. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that certain population subgroups, based on their sociodemographic profile, have a higher stigma about mental illnesses. Understanding the differential effects of sociodemographic factors on public stigma is imperative to developing effective anti-stigma campaigns.