Risk factors for critical forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in fully vaccinated patients: a prospective observational study.

The novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is a critical prevention measure to help sort out the COVID-19 crisis. Nonetheless, since the beginning of the pandemic, it has been well-documented that older adults as well as people enduring an immunocompromised condition are the most likely to develop a severe COVID-19 form owing to a less robust immune system and therefore a weaker immunologic response to COVID-19 vaccination. Herein, we report an observational prospective monocentric study of a series made up of 30 patients fully vaccinated against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) out of a total of 139 patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) for a critical form of COVID-19 between February 2021 and October 2021. This observational study was conducted during the peak of the pandemic outbreak and therefore its main aim was to describe the epidemiological and sociodemographic features of fully vaccinated patients who endured critical forms of COVID-19. Immunocompromised people as well as those with chronic underlying comorbidities are more likely to develop critical forms of COVID-19. Moreover, it seems that vaccine efficacy decreases gradually over time. SARS-CoV-2 variants may also undermine vaccine effectiveness. Supplemental doses would be of paramount in higher-risk people to build on protective immunity against COVID-19. Further randomized controlled trials are also desperately needed to determine the optimal interval between primary series and booster doses of the several COVID-19 vaccines chiefly for the vulnerable people.

Myasthenia gravis in an old woman discovered during sedation for diagnostic digestive fibroscopy: Case report.

Introduction and importance: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors in skeletal striated muscles. It is most common in young women. Myasthenia can be diagnosed by the detection of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies. Treatment includes anticholinesterase drugs, thymectomy, and restricting drugs that may aggravate myasthenia. The authors report a rare case of accidental revelation of myasthenia gravis in an elderly woman during sedation for diagnostic gastrointestinal fibroscopy. Case presentation: A 85-years-old female patient scheduled for diagnostic gastrointestinal fibroscopy presented signs of myasthenic crisis during the perioperative with severe respiratory failure. The diagnosis of myasthenia was confirmed by bioassay and electromyogram (EMG). Her chest CT scan showed a thymoma. The evolution was favorable as a result of early and appropriate management. Conclusion: Myasthenia can occur in perioperative settings outside the usual circumstances. The prognosis depends on early and adapted management.

Acute spontaneous hematoma of the corpus callosum in a COVID-19 patient: a case report.

Neurovascular involvement is a frequent occurring reported in COVID-19 patients. However, spontaneous hematomas of the corpus callosum are exceptionally seen. The authors of this article aim to report an unusual case of corpus callosum hematoma in a COVID-19 patient and discuss potential etiologies and mechanisms responsible for intracranial hemorrhage.

COVID-19: Patient care after discharge from the Intensive Care Unit.

INTRODUCTION: The Ibn Rochd CHU is a tertiary care structure that provides care for the most severe cases of COVID-19 requiring hospitalisation in intensive care. The objective of study is to describe the complementary medical and psychological care of patients with COVID-19 in the endocrinology department after a stay in intensive care. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a descriptive observational study of patients transferred from the intensive care unit to the endocrinology service following a COVID-19 infection during the period from 17 April 2020 to May 26, 2020. Clinical characteristics of the patients and complications related to COVID-19 infection were studied; a nutritional assessment using the MNA nutritional status assessment questionnaire; psychological assessment using quality-of-life questionnaires (Hamilton depression and anxiety, HAD, SF36, PCLS); a treatment satisfaction questionnaire (TQCMII) and an assessment of patient autonomy by the ADL score. RESULT: Our study included 41 patients with an average age of 55 years (19-85 years), a sex ratio M/F of 1.05, 43.9% were diabetic, 34.1% hypertensive, 4.9% asthmatic and 5% obese, and 51.2% were severe and critical cases. The average ICU stay is 8.42 days, requiring intubation in 12.2% of cases. All patients were treated with the Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin, vitamin C, zinc and corticosteroid protocol, 14.6% had undernutrition and 65.9% had a risk of undernutrition. The average BMI was 25.34 kg/m2 (17-42), 61% had experienced weight loss, which was greater than 8 kg in 26.1% of cases, 12.2% of patients were not autonomous, 12.2% had moderate depression, 2.4% severe depression, 14.6% mild to moderate anxiety, 12.2% severe anxiety and 29.3% suffered acute post-traumatic stress disorder. CONCLUSION: Patients with COVID-19 are, in addition to the complications from coronavirus infection, vulnerable to undernutrition, psychological and motor complications. Additional care before discharge is essential for better integration of patients into their families.

Nutritional status assessment in patients with Covid-19 after discharge from the intensive care unit.

INTRODUCTION: The nutritional diagnosis and early nutritional management of COVID-19 patients must be integrated into the overall therapeutic strategy. The aim of our study is to assess the nutritional status of patients with COVID-19 after a stay in intensive care, to describe the prevalence of undernutrition, to determine the factors influencing undernutrition and to describe the nutritional management. TOOLS AND METHODS: This is a descriptive observational study of adult patients admitted to the endocrinology service for additional care after a stay in intensive care during the period from April 17, 2020 to May 26, 2020. The assessment tool used was the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). RESULTS: Our study included 41 patients; the average age of the patients was 55 years, 51.2% had a severe or critical form of COVID-19, 75.6% stayed in intensive care, 12.2% had a loss of autonomy. The average BMI was 25.2 kg/m2 (17-42 kg/m2), 42.5% were overweight, 61% had weight loss, 26.2% had weight loss greater than 10%, 14.6% of our patients were undernourished, 65.9% were at risk of undernutrition, 19.5% had hypoalbuminemia, 17.1% had hypoprotidemia, 19.5% hypocalcemia, 34.1% anemia, 12.2% hypomagnesemia and 51.2% had a deficiency in vitamin D. A positive correlation was found between poor nutritional status and a longer stay in intensive care (>5 days) (p = 0.011) and lymphopenia (p = 0,02). CONCLUSION: Despite a personalized diet, 14.6% of patients presented undernutrition. Particular attention should be paid to patients with a long stay in intensive care.

Epidemiological Study of Acute Kidney Injury in Intensive Care Unit: Evolution and Prognosis.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is very common in intensive care units (ICUs). Its complications are often fatal, life-threatening, and may lead to kidney impairment. This is a multicentric, prospective, and descriptive study, spread over a period of six months, from January 1, 2017 to June 30, 2017, including incident cases of AKI defined according to the AKI Network criteria seen in the ICUs of Ibn Rochd University Hospital of Casablanca. Their evolution was studied during the hospital stay at three, six, 12, and 24 months. A total of 102 patients were included, 52% of whom were female. The median age was 45.2 ±0 22.93 years (10 days-87 years). Clinically, 28.4% were oligo-anuric and 54.8% had a multivisceral failure, mainly neurological and respiratory. The median creatinine level was 37.6 mg/L ± 19.82 (8-230). AKI was mainly organic and functional in 43.1% and 40.2% of cases, respectively, and the main etiologies were dehydration, sepsis, and tumor obstruction. Dialysis was required in 25.5% of cases. When discharged from the hospital, mortality occurs in 35% of cases, total recovery of renal function was observed in 22%, progression to chronicity in 38%, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in 5% of cases. The progression to chronicity and ESRD increased in the 1st and 2nd year of followup after the first episode of AKI. The risk factors for progression to chronicity were as follows: age, hypertension, the presence of comorbidities, the presence of multivisceral failure and the severity of AKI. AKI is now considered a risk factor for chronic kidney disease and longterm mortality, hence the interest and importance of nephrological monitoring.

COVID-19 and fortuitous discovery of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: biological findings and therapeutic challenges.

With the major spread of SARS-COV-2 around the world, its association with various pathologies has been reported. However, hemopathy has rarely been revealed during a coronavirus infection. The authors of this article aim to emphasize the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges faced while treating COVID/hemopathy patients.

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) associated with acute pancreatitis: case report.

The SARS-CoV-2 primarily attacks the respiratory system and the most common symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, and fever. However, its tropism for the digestive system has been demonstrated and its clinical digestive manifestations are increasingly recognized. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to pancreatic lesions included in SARS-CoV-2 infection. This case describes the presentation of acute pancreatitis as a complication associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and the importance of looking for this complication in any patient with COVID-19. Data was collected from a patient admitted with COVID-19 to intensive care in July 2020. The patient was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis associated with SARS-CoV-2. Other causes of acute pancreatitis were excluded for both patients (including alcohol, obstruction/gallstones, drugs, trauma, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercalcemia). This case highlights acute pancreatitis as a complication associated with COVID-19 and highlights the importance of measuring lipasemia and performing an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan in patients with COVID-19.

[Risperidone and carbamazepine-induced syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion: case study]. / Syndrome de sécrétion inappropriée d'hormone antidiurétique secondaire à la rispéridone et la carbamazépine: à propos d'un cas.

The inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion Syndrome (ADHS) accounts for approximately 50% of all diagnosed cases of hyponatremia while drug-induced ADHS accounts for a small proportion of cases. We report the case of a female patient, treated for schizoaffective disorder, who developed ADHS following the initiation of risperidone and carbamazepine. Biochemical test results suggested risperidone and carbamazepine-induced ADHS. The patient was successfully treated by stopping drug use and by fluid restriction. After correcting the serum sodium levels, the patient was treated with clozapine. She is currently on clozapine 400mg with stable serum sodium rates. Psychiatrists should be aware of the risk of severe hyponatremia associated with psychotropic drug use. It is therefore essential to monitor electrolyte levels, in particular sodium levels, in patients taking antipsychotics and anticonvulsants.

Intravenous immunoglobulin vs plasma exchange in treatment of mechanically ventilated adults with Guillain-Barré syndrome.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study is to compare efficacy of IvIg versus PE in treatment of mechanically ventilation adults with GBS in intensive care unit. METHODS: It is a prospective, non randomized study, realized in a medical ICU from 2006 to 2010. We included all patients with GBS who required mechanical ventilation (MV). We defined two groups: group 1 (group treated by IvIg: 0.4 g/kg/day for 5 days) and group 2 (group treated by PE: 4 PE during 10-14 days). We collected demographic characteristics, clinical and therapeutic aspects and outcome. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The quantitative variables are expressed on mean ± standard derivation and compared by Student test. The statistic analysis has been based on SPSS for windows. P<0.05 is considered as significant. RESULTS: Forty-one patients (21 in group 1 and 20 in group 2) were enrolled. The mean age was 37.4±9.2 years, with a masculine predominance (75.4%). Electromyogram in all patients found acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy in 80.5% of patients. The mean length of hospitalization was 45.3±9.2 days. The length of hospitalization of the IvIg group is less long than PE group (p=0.03). The weaning of the MV was more precocious in IvIg group than PE group (p=0.01). Also, the beginning of motility recuperation was precocious at IvIg group than PE group (p=0.04). CONCLUSION: Our work reveals a meaningful difference for the MV weaning and precocious recovery in IvIg group compared to PE group.

Colistin and rifampicin in the treatment of nosocomial infections from multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

INTRODUCTION: The increased incidence of nosocomial infections by multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii creates demand on the application of some combinations of older antimicrobials on that species. We conducted the present observational study to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous and aerosolized colistin combined with rifampicin in the treatment of critically patients with nosocomial infections caused by multiresistant A. baumannii. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Critically ill patients with nosocomial infections caused by A. baumannii resistant to all antibiotics except colistin in a medical intensive care unit. Diagnosis of infection was based on clinical data and isolation of bacteria. The bacterial susceptibilities to colistin were tested. Clinical response to colistin+rifampicin was evaluated. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients (43.58+/-18.29 years, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score (APACHE II): 6.35+/-2.99), of whom 16 cases of nosocomial pneumonia treated by aerosolized colistin (1x10(6) IU three times/day) associated with intravenous rifampicin (10 mg/kg every 12h), nine cases of bacteraemia treated by intravenous colistin (2x10(6)IU three times/day) associated with intravenous rifampicin (10 mg/kg every 12h) in which three cases associated with ventilator associated pneumonia and one case of nosocomial meningitis treated by intrathecal use of colistin associated with intravenous rifampicin. The clinical evolution was favourable for all ill patients. Concerning side effects, we have noticed a moderate hepatic cytolysis in three patients. CONCLUSION: This is the first clinical report of colistin combined with rifampicin for treatment of A. baumannii infection. Despite the lack of a control group and the limited number of patients, the results seem to be encouraging.