High resolution mass spectrometry analysis of the sertraline residues contained in the tissues of rainbow trout reared in model experimental conditions.

The growing consumption of pharmaceuticals in the human population and the insufficient efficiency of their elimination in waste water has a long-term negative impact on the environment of aquatic ecosystems, including the organisms that inhabit them. A significant contributor is the consumption of anti-depressants from the SSRI group, which corresponds to their increasing concentration in the environment. The aim of this work was to determine if antidepressant sertraline is able to be stored in fish organisms and to evaluate the content of residues in various body tissues. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchuss mykkis) was selected as the test organism and was artificially exposed to the antidepressant for 1 month (concentrations 0; 4.2; 44 and 400 ng.g-1 sertraline in the feed). Liver, kidney, brain and muscle tissue biopsies samples were taken for analysis. Detection was performed using an Accela 1250 LC pump and an Accela autosampler coupled with a high-performance mass analyzer with a heated electrospray ionization source Q-Exactive Orbitrap, operating in positive ionization mode and in PRM mode (m/z 306.08108->275.03888 and 309.009991->275.03888 for sertraline and internal standard, respectively). The limit of quantification of the method was 0.1 ng.g-1 of sertraline and the calibration curve showed a good linearity up to 20 ng.g-1. From the collected data, amount of residues was found in the liver, kidney and brain. In contrast, the incidence of residues in muscle tissue was not detected in all groups, which is favorable from the point of view of fish meat consumption, by humans.

[Magnetic resonance imaging for detection of rotational deformities in children with femoral shaft fractures treated by the ESIN method]. / Rotacní deformity pri pouzití metody ESIN u zlomenin diafýzy stehenní kosti u detí sledované magnetickou rezonancí

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN).used in the treatment of children with femoral shaft fractures, with a focus on post-traumatic rotational deformity assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An alternative hypothesis was established assuming a significantly high incidence of this post-traumatic complication. Also, the advantages of MRI for the diagnosis of rotational deformity were assessed in comparison with ultra- sonography and physical examination. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 26 patients, 18 boys and 8 girls, between 6 and 14 years of age (average, 12.5), were included. The range of knee and hip motion was evaluated and the length of both lower extremities was measured. The radiograph of each patient contained a contrast, marked scale to facilitate an exact determination of femur length. In these 26 patients, MRI examination was included as a novel approach in this system of evaluation. On the basis of transversal sections through the proximal and the distal femoral epiphysis, the angle formed by the femoral neck axis and a dorsally led line tangential to both femoral condyles was measured The difference in this anteversion angle between the injured and the healthy extremity was taken as a value of post-traumatic rotational deformity. The difference equal to or larger than 10 degrees was regarded as a pathological finding. The results were evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: The average value of the difference was 5.8 degrees. A pathological persistent post-traumatic rotational deformity of 10 and more degrees was found in three patients (15 %). The results of statistical analysis did not confirm our alternative hypothesis that use of the ESIN method for femoral shaft fractures might be associated with a significantly increased probability of rotational deformity development (p=0.450). DISCUSSION: As described in the literature, post-traumatic rotational deformity following a femoral shaft fracture can be up to 20 degrees in 10 % to 20 % of the patients.The results of this study are notably better. Routinely, measurement of the angle of anteversion is based on physical examination of hip range of motion. This finding was completed by X-ray examination in semi-axial projection, as described by Schulz whose error of measurement was 10 or more degrees. The angle of femoral anteversion and the difference between the extremity after femoral shaft fracture and the contralateral one can also be determined by ultrasonography, but the error of measurement can be about 5 degrees. An exact measurement of the angle of anteversion can be achieved with computed tomography, but this examination means radiation exposure for the patient. The method which combines exact measurement and no risk of exposure for the child is magnetic resonance imaging. CONCLUSIONS: The method of measuring rotational deformity after femoral shaft fracture using MRI gave exact results and posed no risk for the child, and is therefore presented as a novel and important part of post-traumatic follow-up of children with this injury. In the ESIN- treated patients, this diagnostic method did not reveal any statistically significant occurrence of serious post-traumatic rotational deformity during the healing of a femoral shaft fracture.

[Expression of CD34 and CD117 in juxtaglomerular cell tumor of kidney]. / Exprese CD34 a CD117 v nádoru z juxtaglomerulárních bunek ledviny.

Juxtaglomerular cell tumor (JGCT) is an uncommon tumor of the kidney, typically found in young adults. Patients with this tumor suffer from hypertension, hyperaldosteronism and hypokalaemia. Expression of renin and intracytoplasmatic rhomboid crystals or granules in electron microscopic picture are diagnostic features of this tumor. CD34 and CD117 immunoreactivity have recently been reported as helpful markers of JGCT.

[Anti-anemia therapy with prophylactic administration of Fe2+ in normal pregnancy and its effect on prepartum hematologic parameters in the mother and neonate]. / Antianemická lécba fyziologických tehotných a její vliv na prepartální hematologické parametry matky a novorozence profylaktickým podáním Fe2+.

Eighty-four non-anaemic pregnant women were treated, starting between the 20th-24th week of Pregnancy, with Actiferrin Compositum--1 capsule per day--from the 36th with 2 capsules per day up to childbirth. The group was compared with the results in 57 non-anaemic not treated pregnant women. Haematological parameters were recorded before the onset of treatment, during the first stage of labour and in neonates on the first day after delivery. By means of the non-paired t-test no significant differences were disclosed between the groups; nevertheless the percentage values of haemoglobin, haematocrit, erythrocytes and serum iron were higher in the treated group, as compared with the non-treated one. Also the ferritin values in neonates of the non-treated group were lower, as compared with the treated group. The paired t-test was highly significant in the Actiferrin treated patients as regards haemoglobin, haematocrit and transferrin values. The results provide evidence that it is indicated to administer as a routine measure Actiferrin Compositum to all pregnant women as prevention of pre-partum anaemia of the mother and low ferritin levels in the neonate.