[Clinical medication reviews in elderly patients with polypharmacy: a cross-sectional study in Dutch community pharmacies]. / Medicatiebeoordelingen bij ouderen met polyfarmacie.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the nature and prevalence of drug related problems (DRPs) in older patients with polypharmacy identified by community pharmacists in daily practice through means of a clinical medication review (CMR) and assess the implementation rate of proposed interventions to solve DRPs. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study METHOD: We analysed the CMR data of 3,807 older patients (≥ 65 years) with polypharmacy (≥ 5 drugs) completed in January-August 2012. Using the "Service Apotheek Medicatie Review Tool" (SAMRT, Service Pharmacy Medication Review Tool), pharmacists in 258 community pharmacies registered the patients' year of birth, gender, dispensing data, DRPs, and proposed and implemented interventions. RESULTS: Pharmacists identified a median of two DRPs (interquartile range 1-4; mean 3.0) per patient. The DRP categories overtreatment (25.5 %) and undertreatment (15.9 %) were found to occur most frequently. On average, 46.2 % of the proposed interventions to address DRPs were implemented as proposed. In 22.4 % of cases the intervention differed from the proposal, whereas in 31.3 % of cases no intervention was implemented. CONCLUSION: In daily practice, community pharmacists identified a mean of three DRPs in older patients with polypharmacy, a number comparable to that found in controlled studies. Over- or undertreatment caused nearly half of the identified DRPs. The majority (69.9%) of the proposed interventions led to an intervention for the patient.

Gas-liquid chromatographic properties of positional isomers of methyl thia, selena, and tellura laurate analogs.

Gas-liquid chromatographic analyses of three complete series of synthetic positional isomers of methyl thia, selena, and tellura laurate analogs were carried on a nonpolar (SE-30) and a polar (SP-2330) stationary phase. The average ECL (equivalent chain length) values of the thia, selena, and tellura laurate on SE-30 stationary phase were 13.8, 14.8, and 15.7, respectively, while on SP-2330 the average values for the same series were 17.1, 19.0, and 19.1, respectively. Positional isomers with the heteroatom at the 2-position exhibited the lowest ECL values, while those with the heteroatom at the omega-1 position gave the highest ECL values and were readily separated from the other positional isomers of the same series of analogs by this technique.