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Introduction Magnesium is recognized for its ability to reduce the onset time of rocuronium while simultaneously extending its duration of action. This study aims to assess the efficacy of magnesium pre-treatment in decreasing the onset time with two different doses of rocuronium in patients undergoing rapid sequence intubation. Materials and methods This randomized prospective double-blind clinical study involved 50 patients classified as American Society Of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I/II, with no preoperative indications of difficult intubation, undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia. The patients were divided into two groups: group A received 60 mg/kg of magnesium 15 minutes before intubation with 1.2 mg/kg of rocuronium, and group B received 60 mg/kg of magnesium before 0.6 mg/kg of rocuronium. Intubating conditions were assessed and graded at loss of last twitch after administration in both groups, considering ease of intubation, vocal cord position, and response to the insertion of the tracheal tube. Simultaneously, hemodynamic variations were recorded just before intubation, at one minute and five minutes post-intubation. Results Intubating conditions with 0.6 mg/kg of rocuronium were comparable or equally good compared to 1.2 mg/kg of rocuronium with magnesium pre-treatment. Conclusions Magnesium pre-treatment enhances the neuromuscular blocking effect of rocuronium, reducing its onset time without clinically significant prolongation of the duration of the block.
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Background and aim The regional anesthesia technique is commonly used for upper extremity surgery as an alternative to general anesthesia. The study aimed to compare the efficacy of infraclavicular brachial plexus block (BPB) and a combination of infraclavicular brachial plexus block with suprascapular nerve block for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing shoulder surgeries. Method A total of 62 patients of both sexes with the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I/II/III, aged between 18 and 65 years, and undergoing shoulder surgery, were included in this prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Patients were equally allocated into two groups: 31 in group A and 31 in group B. After pre-anesthetic evaluation, the purpose and protocol of the study were explained to patients, and informed consent was obtained. Thirty-one patients in group A were given infraclavicular brachial plexus block using 30 ml 0.375% bupivacaine while 31 patients in group B were given a combination of infraclavicular brachial plexus block using 30 ml 0.375% bupivacaine and suprascapular nerve block using 5 ml 0.375% bupivacaine. Blocks were given using ultrasound guidance and a peripheral nerve stimulator; the suprascapular block was given in the sitting position while the infraclavicular block was provided in the supine position. General anesthesia was administered in the operation theatre in the supine position after the administration of blocks. The pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) and the satisfaction score was assessed by the numeric rating scale (NRS). The Mann-Whitney U test was applied for comparison of pain between the two groups. The chi-square test was utilized for comparing the categorical variables. Result The postoperative pain was significantly lower (p<0.001) in group B as compared to group A at all the periods of observation, i.e., 0h (2.77±0.72 vs. 5.42±0.77), 6h (3.89±0.70 vs. 5.94±0.73), 12h (5.66±0.93 vs. 6.58±0.88), and 24h (6.16±0.80 vs. 6.74±0.90). These findings illustrate that group B patients who received a combination of infraclavicular brachial plexus block and suprascapular nerve block for shoulder surgeries had better pain relief than group A patients who received only the infraclavicular approach. The mean NRS score of patient satisfaction in group B (7.26±0.58) was significantly higher (p<0.001) in comparison to group A (6.16±0.64). Diaphragmatic palsy was observed in only one case in group A and none in group B. No other complication was observed in any of the patients during the study period. Conclusion The combination of infraclavicular brachial plexus block and suprascapular nerve block displays a positive postoperative analgesic profile with less usage of rescue analgesic doses and better patient satisfaction after shoulder surgery.
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BACKGROUND: Anesthetic technique and postoperative pain management are crucial for total joint arthroplasty (TJA) patients. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) are new, simple, and cost-effective predictors for prognosis. The predictive value of NLR as an inflammatory marker can predict post-operative pain caused by inflammatory pathways secondary to surgical trauma. CRP is also the most sensitive and specific biomarker of inflammation whereas PLR was also recently considered a possible marker for inflammation which may further contribute to pain and sequelae. Thus, anesthetists can make decisions about the amount, time, and type of analgesic to use based on preoperative values of these parameters to provide maximum postoperative pain control and facilitate early rehabilitation. Thus, the current study was conducted to determine the relationship between CRP, NLR, and PLR levels and the intensity of pain in patients following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 105 patients scheduled for THA and TKA fulfilling the study's inclusion criteria were enrolled. Inclusion criteria of the study were all the patients giving written consent, ASA Grade I-III, patients between 18 and 90 years who were scheduled for elective lower extremity TJA, and all the patients who remained admitted until stitches were removed. Patients were given intrathecal 15 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine via 25G atraumatic spinal needle in the L3-L4 interspace. The recorded data were demographic characteristics, preexisting comorbidities, number of blood transfusions, and operation time, postoperative analgesics given, duration of hospital stay, time of mobility, pain scoring as per visual analog scale (VAS) scoring system with an aim to establish a relationship between pre- and post-operative (Days 3 & 5) CRP, NLR, and PLR with post-operative pain after THA and TKA. RESULT: The present study demonstrated a significant correlation (p < 0.002) between preoperative and postoperative NLR with pain after TJA whereas PLR and CRP did not show any significant relationship with post-operative pain after THA and TKA. A significantly higher NLR ratio was observed for patients on all the periods of observation (pre-op., Day 3, and Day 5). Pre-op. and Day 5 NLR of patients who required transfusion were significantly higher than those who did not require transfusion and patients with higher NLR values could be mobilized significantly later and had significantly higher duration of hospital stay. The correlation of CRP levels and PLR levels at different time intervals did not show a significant correlation with Day 3 and Day 5 pain scores. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated a significant correlation between preoperative and postoperative NLR with pain after TJA.
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Background: Recently, opoids are linked with cancer recurrence. Duloxetine hydrochloride (DH), an anxiolytic may reduce total opoid requirement after cancer surgery. Aims: We assessed the efficacy of a single dose of DH in reducing the total morphine requirement after open radical cholecystectomy. We also calculated the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, patient satisfaction score (PSS), and time taken to the use of the first rescue analgesic. Setting and Designes: This is a prospective, randomized, double blind, controlled study conducted in the patients aged 20-70 years (American Society of Anaesthesiologists classes I-III) undergoing open radical cholecystectomy under general anesthesia for carcinoma gall bladder. Materials and Methods: The patients were divided into two groups of 32 patients each by computer-generated randomization. Group A received oral DH (60 mg); Group B received identical placebo capsules 2 h before surgery with a sip of water. Postoperatively, intravenous morphine was given using a patient-controlled analgesia pump. After 24 h, total morphine consumption, the VAS score, time to the first rescue analgesia, and PSS were recorded. Statistical Analysis: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS version 22.0, IBM Corp., Chicago, IL, USA 2013). P value < 0.05 or 0.001 was considered statistically significant. Results: The total morphine consumption and VAS score were significantly lower in Group A. No significant effects was observed on PSS. Conclusion: A single 60 mg dose of DH administered 2 h before open radical cholecystectomy reduced total morphine consumption and improved VAS score postoperatively with no effect on PSS.
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BACKGROUND: Epidural administration of neostigmine appears to be safe in the obstetric population. Recently, few studies have concluded 10 µg sufentanil to be an effective adjuvant with epidural neostigmine in providing labor analgesia. However, no study has evaluated the analgesic effect of epidural butorphanol with neostigmine for the same. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The parturients were randomly allocated to one of the three study groups - Group A (n = 30) received butorphanol 1 mg and neostigmine 7 µg/kg. Group B (n = 30) received sufentanil 10 µg and neostigmine 7 µg/kg. Group C (n = 30) received neostigmine 7 µg/kg and 0.9% normal saline. Maternal hemodynamic parameters and fetal heart rate (FHR) were continuously monitored. The level of sensory and motor block, and visual analog scale (VAS) pain score were recorded at designated time points. In addition, the total duration of analgesia, duration of labor, mode of delivery, and any maternal or fetal adverse effects were also recorded. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Tukey's test was used to compare mean value among the three groups for age, height, weight, gestational age, and cervical dilatation. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to compare mean difference among the time points and also the trend among the various time points for hemodynamic parameters, VAS pain score, and FHR. For inter-group comparison among the groups, post hoc Tukey test was used. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant longer effect of analgesic drug in Group B with respect to Group A and C (P < 0.001); however, the parturient in Group C had minimum duration of analgesia. Epidural neostigmine combined with sufentanil produces effective analgesia in early labor (VAS <30 within 10 min in 63.3% of parturient and within 15 min in 83.3% parturient) with average duration of 111.67 ± 24.51 min without motor block or other side effect in mother and fetus. No significant effect was observed in the duration of labor and mode of delivery in-between the two groups, and none of the patients in any group had any maternal or fetal side effects. CONCLUSION: Epidural combination of sufentanil with neostigmine provided better pain relief in terms of the total duration of analgesia and the reduction in VAS pain scores at various time points in the initial 30 min of epidural administration of drugs during the first stage of labor in parturient when compared to the epidural combination of butorphanol with neostigmine.
