Diabetes mellitus tipo 2: cambios densitométricos del cristalino / Type 2 diabetes mellitus: lens densitometric changes

La diabetes mellitus es la responsable de la quinta parte de todas las cataratas, el sistema de cámara rotatoria scheimpflug permite estudiar a profundidad los primeros cambios en la densidad de estos cristalinos, estableciendo valores densitométricos en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, con buena agudeza visual sin retinopatía diabética, y comparar dichos valores con un grupo control sin la enfermedad, desde junio de 2017 hasta marzo de 2018. Métodos: se realizó un estudio comparativo, exploratorio y prospectivo, la población y muestra estuvo compuesta por pacientes que acudieron a la consulta oftalmológica del Hospital Domingo Luciani. Resultados: todos los valores densitométricos fueron mayores en los pacientes con diabetes que en los normales. La mayor diferencia se produce en los valores del núcleo, seguido de la cápsula anterior acercándose a la significancia estadística (p=0,02) y (p=0,01) respectivamente. El 75% de los pacientes con diabetes presentaron cambios importantes en densitometría de la cápsula anterior y el 40% en el núcleo. Conclusiones: la cápsula anterior en pacientes con diabetes de menor edad (50 a 60 años) presentó valores más elevados de densitometría con relación a los controles. En los grupos de 61 a 70 y 71 a 80 los valores fueron menores; se concluye que los cambios tempranos en la cápsula anterior se deben a la diabetes. En cuanto al núcleo se observó en el grupo control un incremento progresivo de la densidad a medida que iba aumentando la edad, pero al agregarse el factor diabetes, aumentaron notablemente los valores, acentuando de esta manera la evolución de la catarata senil. La diabetes altera precozmente la densidad de la capsula anterior y núcleo(AU)

Diabetes mellitus is responsible for one fih of all cataracts, the scheimpflug rotary chamber system allows to study in depth the first changes in the density of these lenses, establishing densitometric values in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, with good visual acuity without diabetic retinopathy, and compare these values with a control group without the disease, from June 2017 to March 2018. Methods: a comparative, exploratory and prospective study was carried out, the population and sample was composed of patients who attended the ophthalmological consultation of the Domingo Luciani Hospital. Results: all densitometric values were higher in diabetic patients than in normal patients. The greatest difference occurs in the nucleus values, followed by the anterior capsule approaching the statistical significance (p = 0.02) and (p = 0.01) respectively. 75% of diabetic patients presented significant changes in densitometry of the anterior capsule and 40% in the nucleus. Conclusions: the anterior capsule in diabetic patients with younger age (50 to 60 years) presented higher values of densitometry compared to non-diabetics. In the groups of 61 to 70 and 71 to 80 the values were lower; We conclude that the early changes in the anterior capsule are due to diabetes. As for the nucleus, a progressive increase in density was observed in the control group as the age increased, but when the diabetes factor was added, the values increased markedly, thus accentuating the evolution of the senile cataract. Diabetes precociously alters the density of the anterior capsule and nucleus(AU)

Highly efficient transfection of human induced pluripotent stem cells using magnetic nanoparticles.

PURPOSE: The delivery of transgenes into human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) represents an important tool in cardiac regeneration with potential for clinical applications. Gene transfection is more difficult, however, for hiPSCs and hiPSC-CMs than for somatic cells. Despite improvements in transfection and transduction, the efficiency, cytotoxicity, safety, and cost of these methods remain unsatisfactory. The objective of this study is to examine gene transfection in hiPSCs and hiPSC-CMs using magnetic nanoparticles (NPs). METHODS: Magnetic NPs are unique transfection reagents that form complexes with nucleic acids by ionic interaction. The particles, loaded with nucleic acids, can be guided by a magnetic field to allow their concentration onto the surface of the cell membrane. Subsequent uptake of the loaded particles by the cells allows for high efficiency transfection of the cells with nucleic acids. We developed a new method using magnetic NPs to transfect hiPSCs and hiPSC-CMs. HiPSCs and hiPSC-CMs were cultured and analyzed using confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and patch clamp recordings to quantify the transfection efficiency and cellular function. RESULTS: We compared the transfection efficiency of hiPSCs with that of human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells. We observed that the average efficiency in hiPSCs was 43%±2% compared to 62%±4% in HEK 293 cells. Further analysis of the transfected hiPSCs showed that the differentiation of hiPSCs to hiPSC-CMs was not altered by NPs. Finally, robust transfection of hiPSC-CMs with an efficiency of 18%±2% was obtained. CONCLUSION: The difficult-to-transfect hiPSCs and hiPSC-CMs were efficiently transfected using magnetic NPs. Our study offers a novel approach for transfection of hiPSCs and hiPSC-CMs without the need for viral vector generation.

In Vivo Cannulation Methods for Cardiomyocytes Isolation from Heart Disease Models.

Isolation of high quality cardiomyocytes is critically important for achieving successful experiments in many cellular and molecular cardiology studies. Methods for isolating cardiomyocytes from the murine heart generally are time-sensitive and experience-dependent, and often fail to produce high quality cells. Major technical difficulties can be related to the surgical procedures needed to explant the heart and to cannulate the vessel to mount onto the Langendorff system before in vitro reperfusion can begin. During this period, transient hypoxia and ischemia may damage the heart, resulting in low yield and poor quality of cells, especially for heart disease models that have fragile cells. We have developed novel in vivo cannulation methods to minimize hypoxia and ischemia, and fine-tuned the entire protocol to produce high quality ventricular myocytes. The high cell quality has been confirmed using important structural and functional criteria such as morphology, t-tubule structure, action potential morphology, Ca2+ signaling, responsiveness to beta-adrenergic agonist, and ability to have robust contraction under mechanically loaded condition. Together these assessments show the preservation of the cardiac excitation-contraction machinery in cells isolated using this technique. The in vivo cannulation method enables consistent isolation of high-quality cardiomyocytes, even from heart disease models that were notoriously difficult for cell isolation using traditional methods.

Cambios dento-alveolares y articulares con la mordida constructiva en un paciente clase II división 1 con ruidos de ATM / Dento-alveolar changes with bite jumping on a Class II division 1 patient, with TMJ noises

La maloclusión clase II división 1, es una anomalía frecuente en la consulta ortodóncica por los problemas estéticos y psicológicos negativos que genera. Existe controversia respecto a la intervención temprana de estas maloclusiones, hay quienes califican dicha intervención como un tratamiento demasiado complejo para ortodoncistas y paciente, largo, caro, incómodo y para agravar las cosas, con pronóstico reservado, presentando como alternativa el tratamiento quirurgico ortodóncico al finalizar el crecimiento. El caso que se presenta es de una maloclusión clase II, división 1, con mordida profunda, apiñamiento dentario, perfil convexo, con hábitos de succión del pulgar, respiración oral, deglución atípica y ruidos articulares. Esta paciente fue tratada sin exodoncias y por tener disfunción de ATM asociada a su maloclusión, se consideró el uso de aparatología funcional con mordida constructiva para recapturar el disco y así mejorar la sintomatología articular. Utilizamos la placa postural del Dr. Marcel Korn, aparato simple poco invasivo y tolerable por el paciente. Los resultados de esta terapia se debieron a cambios dentoalveolares, estéticos y de persistencia de la disfunción articular.

malocclusion class II division 1 is afrequent anomaly in the orthodontic paractice, because of the aesthetic and negative psychological problems that generates. Exist some discussion to early intervention of this malocclusions, there are whom label that intervention as a complex treatment, uncomfortable and for worst, with reserved prognosis, prevening as an alternative the orthodontic surgical treatment at the end of the growth. The presented case is about a clase II division 1 malocclusion, with deep bite, dental crowd, convex profile, with suck thumb habit, oral breathing, abtypical deglution and articular noises. This patient was treated without extractions and TMJ have dysfunction associated with his malocclusion was considered the use of functional appliances to construction bite to recapture the disc and improve joint symptoms. We use the plate postural Dr. Marcel Korn, simple minimally invasive apparatus and tolerable by the patient. The results of this therapy were due to dentoalveolar changes, aesthetic and persistence of joint dysfunction.