Exploring the dynamics and trends of carbon emission spatiotemporal patterns in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone, China, from 2000 to 2020.

Analysis of the spatial-temporal pattern and trend of carbon emissions provides an important scientific basis for the development of a low-carbon economy. Based on the corrected NPP-VIIRS and DMSP/OLS nighttime light data, a carbon emission model for the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone (CCEZ) in China is constructed. Furthermore, the article establishes an integrated qualitative and quantitative research system. The qualitative results show that at the city and county scales, the high carbon emission areas and counties are mainly distributed in Chengdu and Chongqing, while the low carbon emission areas are concentrated in the marginal cities of the CCEZ and the counties with low levels of industrialization around the Sichuan Basin. The high-carbon emission zone tended to expand to the north, and the low-carbon emission zone tended to expand to the south. At the grid scale, the carbon emissions of the CCEZ fluctuated and increased from 2000 to 2020, forming a trend connected with those of the central city, with high carbon emissions at the core and radiating outward expansion. Quantitative analysis revealed that carbon emissions at the county and grid scales exhibited a significant positive global spatial correlation, and the overall correlation degree exhibited an increasing trend.

Impact of previous COVID-19 infection on postoperative complications and functional recovery: a one-year follow-up ambispective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: It's necessary to reassess the patients' short-term and long-term postoperative outcome in the post-COVID-19 era. This study aims to provide more comprehensive evidence regarding the timing of surgery after COVID-19 infection among the vaccinated population upon Omicron variant, considering the duration after acute COVID-19 infection, severity of COVID-19, patients' comorbidities, and the full course quality of postoperative recovery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a single-center cohort study. Patients diagnosed with preoperative COVID-19 infection were consecutively included before surgery. Patients' demographics, surgical characteristics, and COVID-19 related factors were documented. Exposure was the time interval from COVID-19 infection to surgery. The primary outcome was postoperative complications within 30 days. The secondary outcomes included postoperative mortality within 30 days, functional disability at 6 and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 4953 patients were included, and postoperative complications occurred in 353 patients (7.1%) within 30 days after surgery. Time interval from COVID-19 infection to surgery was associated with postoperative complications within 30 days after surgery (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] per day: 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99-1.00; P<0.01), as well as postoperative 6- and 12-month functional disability ([aOR]: 1.00; 95% CI, 0.99-1.00; P<0.01; and [aOR] 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98-1.00; P=0.01, respectively). Delaying surgery beyond a time interval of 2 weeks was associated with reduced postoperative 30-day complications ([aOR]: 0.63; 95% CI, 0.43-0.91; P=0.01) and mortality ([aOR]: 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01-0.38; P<0.01). Meanwhile, delaying surgery beyond a time interval of 7 weeks was associated with reduced functional disability at both 6-month ([aOR]: 0.67; 95% CI, 0.58-0.79; P<0.01) and 12-month postoperatively ([aOR]: 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53-0.95; P=0.02). CONCLUSION: A 2 weeks delay after COVID-19 infection is necessary for decreasing short-term postoperative risks, and a longer waiting period could be beneficial for long-term functional recovery.

Intraoperative management during liver transplantation in the child with mitochondrial depletion syndrome: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDS) is a kind of autosomal recessive genetic disorder associated with a reduction in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number caused by mutations in nuclear genes during nucleotide synthesis, which affects the energy production of tissues and organs. Changes in hemodynamics during liver transplantation may lead to high energy-demanding organs and tissues being vulnerable. This report described the intraoperative management during liver transplantation in a child with MDS. Ultimately, the child was discharged smoothly without any complications. PRESENTATION OF THE CASE: A five-year-old boy was diagnosed with mitochondrial depletion syndrome preoperatively and scheduled for living donor liver transplantation. The incidence of postreperfusion syndrome (PRS) could not be avoided for 30 min after opening, despite our best efforts to aggressively prevent it before opening. While ensuring hemodynamic stability, we actively prevented and adopted high-energy-demand organ protection strategies to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications. Finally, the child was discharged 28 days after the operation, and no other complications were found. DISCUSSION: Liver transplantation can be performed for liver failure in this disease to improve the quality of life and prolong the life of patients. As this child has mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, the disruption of cellular energy generation caused by mitochondrial malfunction puts high-energy-demanding organs and tissues at risk during surgery. It motivates us to pay closer attention to the prevention and treatment of PRS in anesthetic management to minimize damage to the child's organs and tissues with high energy demands. CONCLUSIONS: This report describes the intraoperative management during liver transplantation in a child with mitochondrial depletion syndrome. To increase the safety of perioperative anesthesia and reduce mortality in patients with mitochondrial disease, for such patients, maintaining an acid-base balance and a stable internal environment is essential. We should also pay attention to protecting body temperature, using vasoactive drugs beforehand to lessen the incidence of PRS, and protecting high-energy-demanding organs afterward.

Profound postinduction hypotension precipitated by immune checkpoint inhibitors: a case report.

BACKGROUND: With the increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer therapy, perioperative healthcare professionals need to be vigilant about potential immune-related adverse events (irAEs). We report a case of severe postinduction hypotension in a patient undergoing laparotomy due to suspected intraabdominal bleeding from gastric cancer and Krukenberg tumors, caused by unrecognized hypothyroidism precipitated by ICIs. CASE PRESENTATION: A 65-year-old Chinese female with a history of gastric adenocarcinoma and Krukenberg tumors, previously treated with nivolumab, presented to the emergency room with abdominal pain and hypotension. Despite ruling out other causes, including hypovolemia and anaphylaxis, her hypotension persisted. The patient was found to have severe hypothyroidism, likely an irAE from the use of nivolumab. Thyroxine replacement therapy resolved the hypotension, and the patient recovered uneventfully after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: This case underscores the importance of considering irAEs, such as hypothyroidism, in patients treated with ICIs. Perioperative healthcare providers must remain vigilant for potential complications and promptly recognize and manage irAEs to optimize patient outcomes.

Space-time mapping on the sagittal axis in congenital blindness.

Previous evolutionary perspectives proposed that the space-time mapping on the sagittal axis originates from visuo-locomotion coupling when walking/running forward. Accordingly, the congenitally blind could not have developed a sagittal mental timeline if the latter depends on such a visuo-locomotion coupling. However, this conclusion was reached in only a single empirical study (Rinaldi et al. in J Exp Psychol General 147:444-450, 2018), and its theoretical underpinnings are not entirely convincing as locally static and continuous auditory input undergoes a relatively similar change as function of self-locomotion, but this type of sensory-locomotion coupling is spared even in congenital blindness. Therefore, the present study systematically explored whether the congenitally blind show space-time mappings on the sagittal axis using different paradigms in three experiments. In Experiment 1, using a typical implicit RT task, the congenitally blind showed the same preferred space-time mapping in the sagittal dimension as normally sighted participants did. In Experiment 2, this space-time mapping occurred even automatically when temporal relations were task-irrelevant in a naming task. In Experiment 3, in an explicit space-time mapping task, the congenitally blind were more likely to locate the past behind and the future in front of their bodies. Moreover, most blind participants used spatial metaphors for their space-time mapping on the sagittal axis. These results supported the conclusion that the congenitally blind have a sagittal mental timeline, and that their sensory-locomotion coupling experience was either more similar to that of sighted participants or not critical for the space-time mapping. The present study, thus, also helps to clarify the origin of the sagittal mental timeline.

Paying attention to the value of thrombelastography and the impact of postreperfusion syndrome on outcomes of liver transplantation.

Only limited information is available about the connection between massive blood transfusion and postoperative survival rates in pediatric liver transplantation. The aim of Gordon's study was to examine the potential impact of perioperative transfusion on postoperative complications and death in young children receiving pediatric living-donor liver transplantation (PLDLT). The authors concluded that transfusion of a red blood cell volume higher than 27.5 mL/kg during the perioperative period is associated with a significant increase in short- and long-term postoperative morbidity and mortality after PLDLT. However, viscoelastic coagulation monitoring was not utilized in the study; instead, only conventional coagulation monitoring was conducted. Overall, the choice of blood coagulation monitoring method during blood transfusion can have a significant impact on patient prognosis. Several studies have shown that the viscoelastic coagulation testing such as thrombelastography (TEG) is highly sensitive and accurate for diagnosing coagulation dysfunction. Indeed, a TEG-guided blood transfusion strategy can improve prognosis. Moreover, postreperfusion syndrome is one of the most common complications of liver transplantation and an important factor affecting the prognosis of patients and should also be included in regression analysis.

Risk factors for myocardial injury during living donor liver transplantation in pediatric patients with biliary atresia.

BACKGROUND: Cold ischemia-reperfusion of the liver is an inevitable occurrence in liver transplantation that may also cause damage to the heart. Perioperative myocardial injury during liver transplantation can increase the incidence of postoperative mortality, but there is little research on the incidence of myocardial injury in children who undergo living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Therefore, this study mainly explores the independent risk factors for myocardial injury in children who undergo LDLT. AIM: To analyze the data of children who underwent LDLT to determine the risk factors for intraoperative myocardial injury. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the inpatient records of pediatric patients who underwent LDLT in Tianjin First Central Hospital from January 1, 2020, to January 31, 2022. Recipient-related data and donor-related data were collected. The patients were divided into a myocardial injury group and a nonmyocardial injury group according to the value of the serum cardiac troponin I at the end of surgery for analysis. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to evaluate the risk factors for myocardial injury during LDLT in pediatric patients. RESULTS: A total of 302 patients met the inclusion criteria. The myocardial injury group had 142 individuals (47%), and the nonmyocardial injury group included 160 patients (53%). Age, height, and weight were significantly lower in the myocardial injury group (P < 0.001). The pediatric end-stage liver disease (PELD) score, total bilirubin, and international standardized ratio were significantly higher in the myocardial injury group (P < 0.001). The mean arterial pressure, lactate, hemoglobin before reperfusion, duration of the anhepatic phase, cold ischemic time, incidence of postreperfusion syndrome (PRS), and fresh frozen plasma transfusion were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). The postoperative intensive care unit stay and peak total bilirubin values in the first 5 d after LDLT were significantly higher in the myocardial injury group (P < 0.05). The pediatric patients with biliary atresia in the nonmyocardial injury group who underwent LDLT had a considerably higher one-year survival rate than those in the myocardial injury group (P = 0.015). Multivariate logistic regression revealed the following independent risk factors for myocardial injury: a high PELD score [odds ratio (OR) = 1.065, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.013-1.121; P = 0.014], a long duration of the anhepatic phase (OR = 1.021, 95%CI: 1.003-1.040; P = 0.025), and the occurrence of intraoperative PRS (OR = 1.966, 95%CI: 1.111-3.480; P = 0.020). CONCLUSION: A high PELD score, a long anhepatic phase duration, and the occurrence of intraoperative PRS were independent risk factors for myocardial injury during LDLT in pediatric patients with biliary atresia.

Intraoperative Blood Pressure Lability Acts as a Key Mediator in the Impacts of Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy on Postoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Major Spine Surgery.

Objective Although goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) has been proven to be effective in reducing the incidence of postoperative complications, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of intraoperative hemodynamic lability in the association between GDFT and the incidence of postoperative complications. We further tested the role of this mediation effect using mean arterial pressure, a hemodynamic indicator. Methods This secondary analysis used the dataset of a completed nonrandomized controlled study to investigate the effect of GDFT on the incidence of postoperative complications in patients undergoing posterior spine arthrodesis. We used a simple mediation model to test whether there was a mediation effect of average real variability between the association of GDFT and postoperative complications. We conducted mediation analysis using the mediation package in R (version 3.1.2), based on 5,000 bootstrapped samples, adjusting for covariates. Results Among the 300 patients in the study, 40% (120/300) developed postoperative complications within 30 days. GDFT was associated with fewer 30-day postoperative complications after adjustment for confounders (odds ratio: 0.460, 95% CI: 0.278, 0.761; P = 0.003). The total effect of GDFT on postoperative complications was -0.18 (95% CI: -0.28, -0.07; P < 0.01). The average causal mediation effect was -0.08 (95% CI: -0.15, -0.04; P < 0.01). The average direct effect was -0.09 (95% CI: -0.20, 0.03; P = 0.17). The proportion mediated was 49.9% (95% CI: 18.3%, 140.0%). Conclusions The intraoperative blood pressure lability mediates the relationship between GDFT and the incidence of postoperative complications. Future research is needed to clarify whether actively reducing intraoperative blood pressure lability can prevent postoperative complications.

Impact of patent foramen ovale on short-term outcomes in children with biliary atresia undergoing living donor liver transplantation: a retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of patent foramen ovale (PFO) on the short-term outcomes of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in children with biliary atresia. METHODS: With the approval of the hospital ethics committee, 304 children with biliary atresia who underwent LDLT in our center from January 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled. According to the results of echocardiography before the operation, the subjects were divided into the PFO group (n = 73) and the NoPFO group (n = 231). The baseline characteristics; intraoperative recipient-related data and donor-related data; incidence of postreperfusion syndrome (PRS); postoperative mechanical ventilation time; ICU stay duration; postoperative hospital stay duration; liver function index; incidences of postoperative complications including acute renal injury (AKI), graft dysfunction, hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) and portal vein thrombosis (PVT); and one-year survival rate were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The median age in the PFO group was 6 months and that in the NoPFO group was 9 months (P < 0.001), and the median height (65 cm) and weight (6.5 kg) in the PFO group were significantly lower than those in the NoPFO group (68 cm, 8.0 kg) (P < 0.001). The preoperative total bilirubin level (247 vs. 202 umol/L, P = 0.007) and pediatric end-stage liver disease (PELD) score (21 vs. 16, P = 0.001) in the PFO group were higher than those in the NoPFO group. There were no significant differences in the intraoperative PRS incidence (46.6% vs. 42.4%, P = 0.533 ), postoperative mechanical ventilation time (184 vs. 220 min, P = 0.533), ICU stay duration (3.0 vs. 2.5 d, P = 0.267), postoperative hospital stay duration (22 vs. 21 d, P = 0.138), AKI incidence (19.2% vs. 24.7%, P = 0.333), graft dysfunction incidence (11.0% vs. 12.6%, P = 0.716), HAT incidence (5.5% vs. 4.8%, P = 0.762), PVT incidence (2.7% vs. 2.2%, P = 0.675) or one-year survival rate (94.5% vs. 95.7%, P = 0.929) between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The presence of PFO has no negative impact on short-term outcomes in children with biliary atresia after LDLT.

Association between post-COVID-19 status and perioperative morbidity and mortality: protocol for an ambispective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: With COVID-19 bringing persistent impact on the worldwide population, perioperative management after SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to be revisited in the new period of different circulating coronavirus variants, vaccination status, increased reinfection rate and new disease control policies. This study aims to explore the association between time to surgery after COVID-19 diagnosis and the risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a single-centre ambispective cohort study. Patients with preoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection who require inpatient surgical intervention from 1 December 2022 to 28 February 2023 will be included. Baseline assessment will include the time interval between preoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and surgery, COVID-19 diagnosis and symptoms, vaccination status and routine preoperative evaluations. The primary outcome will be postoperative composite complications within 30 days after surgery. Association between post-COVID-19 interval and the outcomes will be explored using logistic regression after adjusting for confounding variables. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study protocol has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (IRB K3570). We aim to publish and disseminate the findings in peer-reviewed journals, scientific conferences and on social media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05689840.

Risk factors for postreperfusion syndrome during living donor liver transplantation in paediatric patients with biliary atresia: a retrospective analysis.

BACKGROUND: Living donor liver transplantation (LT) is the main treatment for paediatric biliary atresia (BA) in Asia. During LT, a series of haemodynamic changes often occur during LT reperfusion, which is called postreperfusion syndrome (PRS), and PRS is related to a prolonged postoperative hospital stay, delayed recovery of graft function and increased mortality. To reduce adverse reactions after paediatric living donor LT (LDLT), our study's objectives were to ascertain the incidence of PRS and analyse possible risk factors for PRS. METHODS: With the approval of the Ethics Committee of our hospital, the clinical data of 304 paediatric patients who underwent LDLT from January 2020 to December 2021 were analysed retrospectively. According to the presence or absence of PRS, the paediatric patients were divided into the non-PRS group and the PRS group. Independent risk factors of PRS were analysed using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: PRS occurred in 132 recipients (43.4%). The peak values of AST (816 (507-1625) vs 678 (449-1107), p=0.016) and ALT (675 (415-1402) vs 545 (389-885), p=0.015) during the first 5 days after LDLT in paediatric patients with PRS were significantly higher than those in the non-PRS group. Meanwhile, the paediatric patients in the PRS group had longer intensive care unit stays and hospital stays, as well as lower 1-year survival rates. Graft cold ischaemic time (CIT) ≥90 min (OR (95% CI)=5.205 (3.094 to 8.754)) and a temperature <36°C immediately before reperfusion (OR (95% CI)=2.973 (1.669 to 5.295)) are independent risk factors for PRS. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of hypothermia (<36.0℃) in children immediately before reperfusion and graft CIT≥90 min are independent risk factors for PRS. PRS was closely related to the postoperative adverse outcomes of paediatric patients.

Burnout Among Chinese Anesthesiologists After the COVID-19 Pandemic Peak: A National Survey.

BACKGROUND: Evidence has shown that large-scale pandemics can have prolonged psychological impacts on health care professionals. The current study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of burnout after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic peak and to explore the prolonged impact of COVID-19 on burnout among Chinese anesthesiologists. METHODS: From August 2021 to October 2021, a nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey. Basic demographic information, exposure to COVID-19, and perceived institutional support were documented. Validated tools measuring mental health status, including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and resilience, were also used to provide additional information on psychological distress. RESULTS: Of the 8850 anesthesiologists from the 218 institutions who were invited to participate, 6331 (74.93%) completed the surveys and were included in the analysis. A total of 52.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 51.5-53.9) met the criteria for burnout. Depression, anxiety, and PTSD were positively associated with burnout. After pooled multivariate analysis adjusting for potential confounding factors, among the COVID-19 exposure parameters, redeployment outside normal professional boundaries remained associated with an increased risk of burnout (odds ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72-0.92; P = .039). Higher perceived institutional support and resilience could act as protective factors against burnout. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the psychological well-being of anesthesiologists still exists more than 1 year after the outbreak. Building better institutional support and cultivating stronger resilience may be helpful future intervention measures.

Association between preoperative autonomic nervous system function and post-induction hypotension in elderly patients: a protocol for a cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: Post-induction hypotension (PIH), which is prevalent among elderly patients, is associated with adverse perioperative outcomes. As a critical part of blood pressure regulation, baroreflex control is believed to be closely related to intraoperative blood pressure fluctuations. Spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability measurement can aid evaluation of patients' autonomic function. This study aims to determine the association between preoperative decreased baroreflex function and PIH in elderly patients. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This prospective cohort study will enrol patients who are 65 years old and above, scheduled for elective non-cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia, and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III (n=180). Baseline assessment will include routine preoperative evaluations as well as symptoms and anamneses associated with baroreflex failure. Preoperative autonomic function monitoring will be performed through 20 min of continuous beat-to-beat heart rate and blood pressure monitoring using LiDCO rapid (Masimo Corporation, USA). The primary outcome will be PIH. Detailed use of anaesthetic agents during induction and maintenance will be documented for adjustment in multivariable analyses. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The Research Ethics Committee of Peking Union Medical College Hospital approved the study protocol (I-22PJ008). We aim to publish and disseminate our findings in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05425147.

Goal-Directed Intraoperative Fluid Therapy Benefits Patients Undergoing Major Gynecologic Oncology Surgery: A Controlled Before-and-After Study.

Background: Fluid management during major gynecologic oncology surgeries faces great challenges due to the distinctive characteristics of patients with gynecologic malignancies as well as features of the surgical procedure. Intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) has been proven to be effective in reducing postoperative complications among major colorectal surgeries; however, the efficacy of GDFT has not been fully studied in gynecologic malignancy surgeries. This study aimed to discuss the influence of GDFT practice in patients undergoing major gynecologic oncology surgery. Methods: This study was a controlled before-and-after study. From June 2015 to June 2018 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, a total of 300 patients scheduled for elective laparotomy of gynecological malignancies were enrolled and chronologically allocated into two groups, with the earlier 150 patients in the control group and the latter 150 patients in the GDFT group. The GDFT protocol was applied by Vigileo/FloTrac monitoring of stroke volume and fluid responsiveness to guide intraoperative fluid infusion and the use of vasoactive agents. The primary outcome was postoperative complications within 30 days after surgery. The secondary outcome included length of stay and time of functional recovery. Results: A total of 249 patients undergoing major gynecologic oncology surgery were analyzed in the study, with 129 in the control group and 120 patients in the GDFT group. Patients in the GDFT group had higher ASA classifications and more baseline comorbidities. GDFT patients received significantly less fluid infusion than the control group (15.8 vs. 17.9 ml/kg/h), while fluid loss was similar (6.9 vs. 7.1 ml/kg/h). GDFT was associated with decreased risk of postoperative complications (OR = 0.572, 95% CI 0.343 to 0.953, P = 0.032), especially surgical site infections (OR = 0.127, 95% CI 0.003 to 0.971, P = 0.037). The postoperative bowel function recovery and length of hospital stay were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Goal-directed intraoperative fluid therapy is associated with fewer postoperative complications in patients undergoing major gynecologic oncology surgery.

The Improved Catheterization Is Associated With the Deeper Radial Arteries in Ultrasound-Guided Dynamic Needle Tip Positioning Technique.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the associations between the first-attempt success and arterial depth in ultrasound-guided radial artery catheterization (RAC) with dynamic needle tip positioning (DNTP) technique. This study also aimed to further explore the cut-off depth correlated to improved first-attempt success catheterization in less time. METHODS: The cases undertaken by RAC within the DNTP technique between March 2019 and July 2020 were extracted from our institutional cohort database. Relevant variables were collected, including patients' demographics and catheterized information. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the Youden index were used to explore the cut-off values of the arterial depth. Categorized cases according to the cut-off values, the Kaplan-Meier analysis, and the log-rank test were used to determine the difference of first-attempt success with limited catheterized time between groups. RESULTS: In this study, 119 patients were enrolled and 98 achieved first-attempt success. The first-attempt success catheterization was observed to be correlated to arterial depth (p < 0.01, odds ratio 6.47). An optimal cut-off depth of 2.25 mm was found using the Youden index (0.53) by ROC curve (area under curve 0.77). Arterial depth of more than 2.25 mm was correlated to improved first-attempt success catheterization in less time (log-rank p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: To achieve first-attempt success catheterization using the DNTP technique, an arterial depth of more than 2.25 mm was associated with less catheterized time.

Successful Treatment of Severe Toxic Hepatitis and Encephalopathy Without Respiratory Failure Caused by Paraquat Intoxication.

Lung damage is a characteristic feature of paraquat intoxication; most deaths resulting from ingesting paraquat are due to progressive respiratory failure. Liver failure caused by paraquat intoxication is rare. A case of orally ingested paraquat intoxication is reported in which serious liver injury and toxic encephalopathy were observed, but little lung damage was found. The principal systemic symptom was severe liver injury, characterized by cholestasis, that gradually became aggravated. In addition to standard treatment, aggressive treatment through liver protection and cholestasis was administered. Finally, liver function returned to normal and central nervous system symptoms were controlled. The patient was successfully discharged. This case suggests that the hepatotoxicity of paraquat intoxication is possibly characterized by cholestasis, and the treatment of cholestasis promotes recovery of severe hepatocyte damage.

Regional anesthesia and cancer recurrence in patients with late-stage cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Whether regional anesthesia may help to prevent disease recurrence in cancer patients is still controversial. The stage of cancer at the time of diagnosis is a key factor that defines prognosis and is one of the most important sources of heterogeneity for the treatment effect. We sought to update existing systematic reviews and clarify the effect of regional anesthesia on cancer recurrence in late-stage cancer patients. METHODS: Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to September 2020 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies that assessed the effect of regional anesthesia on cancer recurrence and overall survival (OS) compared with general anesthesia. Late-stage cancer patients were primarily assessed according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer Cancer Staging Manual (eighth edition), and the combined hazard ratio (HR) from random-effects models was used to evaluate the effect of regional anesthesia. RESULTS: A total of three RCTs and 34 cohort studies (including 64,691 patients) were identified through the literature search for inclusion in the analysis. The risk of bias was low in the RCTs and was moderate in the observational studies. The pooled HR for recurrence-free survival (RFS) or OS did not favor regional anesthesia when data from RCTs in patients with late-stage cancer were combined (RFS, HR = 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58-2.18, P = 0.729, I2 = 76%; OS, HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.63-1.18, P = 0.345, I2 = 48%). Findings from observational studies showed that regional anesthesia may help to prevent disease recurrence (HR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.78-0.96, P = 0.008, I2 = 71%) and improve OS (HR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79-0.98, P = 0.022, I2 = 79%). CONCLUSIONS: RCTs reveal that OS and RFS were similar between regional and general anesthesia in late-stage cancers. The selection of anesthetic methods should still be based on clinical evaluation, and changes to current practice need more support from large, well-powered, and well-designed studies.