[The use of capoten in the treatment of chronic cor pulmonale in elderly patients]. / Ispol'zovanie kapotena v lechenii khronicheskogo legochnaia serdtsa u bol'nykh starshego vozrasta.

Forty patients of elderly and senile ages with chronic obstructive bronchitis, complicated with degrees II-III respiratory insufficiency, and chronic cor pulmonale with stage IIA circulatory failure have been examined. The examination revealed impairment of the external respiration and tissue oxygen exchange, changes in the cardio- and hemodynamics the most typical of which was a significant rise of the diastolic volume of the left ventricle, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and an increase of the extracellular volume of fluid. To explore the ways to correct these changes, nine patients were given a single dose of capoten, an inhibitor of the converting enzyme angiotensin (12.5 mg orally), after which a 20-day course was administered (12.5 mg three times daily). The agent proved to be highly effective, which suggested the expediency of its use in the complex management of old-age patients with decompensated cor pulmonale.

[Effect of hyperoxia on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve in various periods of aging]. / Vliianie giperoksii na krivuiu dissotsiatsii oksigemoglobina v razlichnye vozrastnye periody.

Gas composition of the arterial and venous blood and the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve were determined before and after 20 minutes of oxygen inhalation in 9 apparently healthy subjects aged 60 to 74 years and in 9 young subjects aged 19 to 32 years. In hyperoxia of younger subjects, there was a shift to the left of both the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve of the native blood and standard dissociation curve (pH 7.4). In old age, the shift to the left of the standard dissociation curve due to hypoxia was quite negligible and statistically insignificant, whereas in the native blood it was entirely absent because of the increased blood PCO2 and associated Bohr effect.

[Effect of maximum physical exertion on the oxygen transport system of the blood]. / Vliianie maksimal'noi fizicheskoi nagruzki na kislorodtransportnye svoistva krovi.

Ventilation, gas exchange, gas composition and pH of venous blood, as well as oxyhemoglobin dissociation curves were investigated during exercise tests of 9 healthy volunteers, aged 19-31. During maximal exercises the dissociation curve shifted to the right. The shift was associated with the extraerythrocyte factor, i.e. the Bohr effect due to metabolic acidosis in muscles. The shift which indicates a lower hemoglobin affinity for oxygen and a higher oxygen release by blood is of adaptive importance: during exercises oxygen supply to tissues increases. This shift is also evidenced by an increase of venous pO2 during muscle work.

[Effect of hyperoxia on the oxygen-transport properties of the blood]. / Vliianie giperoksii na kislorodtransportnye svoistva krovi.

In 9 normal test subjects, aged 19-32, pO2, pCO2 and pH of arterial and venous blood were measured. The curve of oxyhemoglobin dissociation during 20 min inhalation of a 95% O2 containing mixture was analyzed. The studies demonstrate that during hyperoxia there is a shift to the left of the dissociation curve in native blood and standard curve (i.e. normalized to pH 7.4). This shift of the curve of oxyhemoglobin dissociation indicating an increase in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen seems to be one of the factors responsible for an increase in the pO2 arteriovenous difference and a much lower increment of venous pO2 than that of arterial pO2.