Epicardial hematoma due to heart positioner device in minimally invasive coronary artery bypass.

Minimally invasive cardiac surgery off-pump coronary artery bypass (MICSOPCAB) has become increasingly prevalent, with devices like the heart positioner aiding in surgical precision. However, rare complications such as epicardial hematoma can occur. Here, we present a case of a 75-year-old man undergoing MICSOPCAB who developed an epicardial hematoma due to the heart positioner. The hematoma was successfully repaired intraoperatively with direct suturing and large felts. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, highlighting the importance of vigilant monitoring and prompt management of such complications. This case underscores the need for careful attention during the use of cardiac positioners to minimize adverse events and ensure favorable patient outcomes.

Multi-vessel coronary artery grafting: analyzing the minimally invasive approach and its safety.

Introduction: At our institution, we perform off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) as a standard procedure. Moreover, patients with favorable coronary anatomy and condition are selected for minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS)-OPCAB. We retrospectively compared early outcomes, focusing on safety, between MICS-OPCAB and conventional off-pump techniques for multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: From August 2017 to September 2022, 1,220 patients underwent multivessel coronary artery grafting at our institution. They were divided into the MICS-OPCAB group (MICS group = 163 patients) and the conventional OPCAB group (MS group = 1057 patients). Propensity score matching (1 : 1 ratio) was applied to the MICS-OPCAB and MS groups (149 patients per group) based on 23 preoperative clinical characteristics. Results: After matching, there were no significant differences in preoperative characteristics between the groups. The MICS group had a lower total graft number (2.3 ± 0.6 vs. 2.9 ± 0.8, p < 0.001) and fewer distal anastomoses (2.7 ± 0.8 vs. 3.2 ± 0.9, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in hospital stay, intensive care unit stay, postoperative complications, and 30-day mortality. The MICS group had less drain output (MICS 350 ml [250-500], MS 450 ml [300-550]; p = 0.013). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no significant differences in postoperative MACCE (major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events)-free and survival rates between the groups (MACCE-free rate p = 0.945, survival rate p = 0.374). Conclusion: With proper patient selection, MICS-OPCAB can provide good short to mid-term results, similar to those of conventional OPCAB.

Assessing the benefits of anaortic off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

Introduction: The procedure called the "aorta no-touch" (NT) or anaortic technique in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is designed to reduce the perioperative risk of stroke. We have observed an increased frequency of anaortic OPCAB procedures at our institution. The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the effectiveness of anaortic OPCAB in reducing the perioperative risk of stroke. Methods: From April 2011 to July 2023, a total of 2,236 patients underwent isolated OPCAB at our single center. The patients were divided into the anaortic group (NT, n = 762) and the aortic group (A, n = 1,474). The NT group was propensity score-matched (PSM) with the A group at a 1:1 ratio (NT n = 640; A n = 640), and matching was performed based on 26 covariates with preoperative clinical characteristics. Results: In both the unmatched and matched cohorts of the NT and A groups, there were no significant differences observed in new stroke rates (NT vs. A; unmatched, 1.0% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.624; matched, 0.9% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.789). The univariable logistic analysis did not identify the anaortic technique as an independent factor negatively associated with new stroke events (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.35-1.86, p = 0.624). Conclusion: The present study did not find the anaortic technique to reduce the perioperative risk of stroke in OPCAB. Hence, further large studies are needed to identify patient cohorts in which anaortic OPCAB is significantly beneficial.

Off-pump minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with left ventricular dysfunction: the lampang experience.

Introduction: The minimally invasive cardiac surgery off-pump coronary artery bypass (MICSOPCAB) is technically difficult; therefore, previous studies have indicated that MICSOPCAB should be contraindicated in patients with impaired left ventricular (LV) function. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of MICSOPCAB in patients with impaired LV function. Methods: The 226 patients underwent MICSOPCAB between August 2017 and September 2022. Our study defined impaired LV function as ejection fraction (EF) in echocardiography 40% or less. The patients were divided into Low EF group (n = 39) and Normal EF group (n = 187). Results: The Low EF group was in a more critical preoperative condition than Normal EF group (41.0% in the Low EF group vs. 14.4% in the Normal EF group; p < 0.001). For preoperative transthoracic echocardiography, LV end-diastolic diameter (5.5 ± 0.9 cm in the Low EF group vs. 5.0 ± 0.8 cm in the Normal EF group; p < 0.001) and LV end-systolic diameter (4.4 ± 1.0 cm in the Low EF group vs. 3.4 ± 1.0 cm in the Normal EF group; p < 0.001) were significantly larger in the Low EF group. No differences were found in the operative time (180 [160-240] min in the Low EF group vs. 205 [165-253] min in the Normal EF group; p = 0.231) and the median number of distal anastomoses (2 [1-2] in the Low EF group vs. 2 [1-3] in the Normal EF group; p = 0.073). Intensive care unit stay was longer in the Low EF group than in the Normal EF group (2 [1-2] in the Low EF group vs. 1 [1-2] in the Normal EF group; p = 0.010). Perioperative transfusion was more common in the Low EF group than in the Normal EF group (69.7% vs. 49.2%; p = 0.023). There were no differences in major complications, hospital stay, and 30-day mortality. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed no significant difference in postoperative major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events rates between the two groups (p = 0.185). Conclusion: In this study, MICSOPCAB can be performed in patients with low EF having short- and mid-term outcomes similar to patients with normal EF. Therefore, low EF should not be contraindicated in MICSOPCAB.

Evaluating Short-Term Postoperative Outcomes in Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery for Patients with Rheumatic Disease.

Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS) is widespread and has become a standard procedure in cardiac surgery [Chitwood 1997; Carpentier 1996]. Therefore, MIMVS is a common procedure for patients with degenerative disease [Raanani 2010; Iribarne 2010] as well. However, the safety of MIMVS in patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has not thoroughly been investigated, due to the low prevalence of RHD in developed countries, where MIMVS is standardized [Miceli 2015]. Here, we investigated the safety of MIMVS for patients with RHD at Lampang Hospital in Thailand.

Coronary reoperation with a free internal mammary artery connected to the right coronary artery as an inflow site; a coronary-to-coronary bypass.

Second-time coronary artery bypass grafting is sometimes technically challenging due to severe adhesion of the heart, difficulty of identifying target coronary arteries, advanced sclerosis of the ascending aorta and limited availability of graft vessels. Here we report a patient, in whom a coronary-to-coronary bypass grafting from the native right coronary artery to the left anterior descending artery using a free right internal mammary artery was used as a graft conduit.

The Influence of Left Ventricular Dysfunction on The Early and Midterm Outcome in The Patients Undergoing Off Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Assessed by Propensity Matched Score Analysis.

BACKGROUND: It still remains unclear the depth of influence of left ventricular dysfunction on the recovery of patients' physical conditions in the early and midterm period following off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). METHODS: From April 2011 to May 2018, 851 patients underwent OPCAB in our center. All were grouped into two groups: Those whose ejection fraction (EF) was under 35% were defined as the Low EF group (N = 158) and those who maintained EF over 35% were defined as the Faired EF group (N = 693). Preoperatively, there was significant difference in NYHA class (P < 0.001), CCS class (P = 0.038), level of creatinine (P < 0.001), and rate of establishment of IABP (P < 0.001). RESULTS: Regarding all-cause death in the early postoperative period, low EF was a not a risk factor in patients (P = 0.52) or in the matched cohort (P = 0.398); however, in the midterm, it was a significant risk factor in patients (HR 2.07, P = 0.016) and in the matched cohort (HR 2.72, P = 0.029). Overall survival at 5 years in the Low EF group was significantly inferior to that of the Faired EF group in all (67.4±4.1% and 86.1±2.9%, P = 0.001) and in the matched cohort (66.5±6.4% vs. 86.5±4.5%, P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: OPCAB seems beneficial for patients with LV dysfunction considering the early outcome, however, low EF is a significant risk factor for overall death in the midterm period.

Successful introduction of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in Southeastern Asian countries: A single center's experience in Thailand.

Background: Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting has not been standardized in Southeastern Asian countries because it is technically demanding. However, this method could be suitable for economically disadvantaged institutions because it saves cost on the heart-lung machine. We summarized our results to assess the validity of our early introduction of this method. Methods: We reviewed the data from 750 patients who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting at our institution. Before the introduction of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, experts from Japan were enlisted to teach our surgeons technicalities of the procedure. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, and secondary outcomes included any major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular event. Results: The in-hospital mortality rate was 1.5%. The rates of survival and freedom from major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular event 3 years after the operation were 92.5% ±â€¯1.8% and 90.7% ±â€¯2.2%, respectively. In the multivariable analysis, the independent risk factors for major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular event were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.35, 95% confidence interval = 1.35-4.10, P = .003) and renal insufficiency (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.70, 95% confidence interval = 1.52-4.80, P = .001), whereas risk factors for in-hospital death were pump conversion (relative risk = 17.4, 95% confidence interval = 1.63-4.41, P < .001). Conclusion: Successful introduction of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting provided a favorable outcome almost equal to that in high-volume centers in developed countries.

Magnesium Sulfate Reduces Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation after Coronary Arterial Bypass Surgery: What Is the Proper Dose? A Randomized Trial.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication after cardiac surgery and impacts length of hospital stay, greater utilization of health care resources, and increases morbidity and mortality. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4 ) has been well documented in its effect of AF reduction after cardiac surgery especially in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) but the dosages are still not settled. Material and Method: Eighty-eight elective CABG cases were randomized to receive a high dose (10 gm) or low dose (5 gm) MgSO4 and were blinded into bottle 1 (n = 46) and bottle 2 (n = 42). Patients were closely observed with continuous ECG monitoring in the first 24 hours then observed for clinical symptoms until discharge. Results: The demographic data were comparable except for a higher body weight in the high dose group (60.21±11.32 kg vs. 65.85±12.2 kg, p = 0.03) and higher incidence of diabetes in high dose group (52.4% vs. 28.3%, p = 0.02). Intraoperative data were similar. No complications were related to MgSO4 except one patient in the high dose group that experienced flushing and abdominal discomfort during administration. Immediate postoperative serum magnesium was higher in the high dose group but rapidly returned to similar level one day postoperatively. AF occurred in nine patients (10.23%), four in the low dose and five in the high dose group and there was no statistical significance (p = 0.62). Conclusion: Current data suggested the safety and effectiveness of MgSO4 for the reduction of the incidence of AF during postoperative CABG surgery. However, there was no statistical difference between the dosages of MgSO4 supplement. The 5-gm-MgSO4 supplement was effective in AF prevention and could avoid the adverse effect from high dose MgSO4 infusion.

Microbiology, risk factors and mortality of patients with intravenous catheter related blood stream infections in the surgical intensive care unit: a five-year, concurrent, case-controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: The epidemiologic data of catheter related blood stream infections (CRBSI) is different in each type of Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The objectives were to identify microbiological patterns, risk factors and mortality analysis in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU). MATERIAL AND METHOD: All CRBSI cases were reviewed in a 60-months period from the 1st ofJanuary, 2005 through the 31st of December, 2009. Two or three control patients, who had been catheterized within three days and were free of CRBSI, were randomly selected from the ICU admissions registration book as the control group; demographic data, mortality, organisms found and antibiotic sensitivity were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: In the 5-years period, 44 patients were diagnosed with a CRBSI and 129 patients who were without a CRBSI were selected. The total infection rate was 1.31 per 1,000 catheter-days. Nine patients who contracted a CRBSI (20.4%) expired. A primary diagnosis of gastrointestinal problems had shown the greatest risk for developing a CRBSI (69.7%). In proportions of gram negative bacteria:gram positive bacteria:fungus, this was measured at 43:36:21 respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common gram positive bacteria found. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the three most common gram negative bacteria found. The chance of developing a CRBSI was significantly increased after 10 days of catheterization. The mortality probability of gram negative bacterial infections and fungal infections increased over time. This was in contrast to gram positive bacterial infections, which decreased over time despite having shown the highest possibility of death earlier in catheter days. As for multivariable analyses, catheterization of patients in the general wards was the sole independent risk factor of CRBSI occurrences (OR = 8.67, p < 0.01) and the males (OR = 7.20, p = 0.03) have shown the highest risk factors for mortality. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria related CRBSI was similar but the probability patterns of increasing the catheter days relating to CRBSI occurrence and mortality rates were different. Catheterization in the general wards was the only independent risk factor found for contracting a CRBSI in our institute. Males had the highest risk for mortality.