HIV-related perceived stigma and associated factors among patients with HIV, Dilla, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Understanding HIV-related perceived stigma has importance in improving the quality of patients and provides a better tackling of HIV stigma. Therefore; the study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of perceived stigma among Patients with HIV attending the clinic at Dilla University Referral Hospital in Ethiopia 2019. METHOD: In this Institution based cross-sectional study, a 10-item perceived HIV stigma scale was used to assess HIV-related perceived stigma. Oslo social support scale was used to assess social support related factors. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic analysis was done to identify associated factors to HIV-related perceived stigma. RESULTS: The prevalence of HIV-related perceived stigma by using perceived HIV stigma scale among patients with living HIV was 42.7%. Patients who are age groups 25-30 years (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 5.72-11.5), age groups 31-39 years (AOR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.26,4.65), Females (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.28-4.33), divorced marital status (AOR = 8.9, 95% CI: 3.52-10.61), widowed marital status (AOR = 3.0, 95% CI: 2.74-7.60), Primary educational status (AOR = 7.5,95% CI: 3.45-9.74) and Study participants those who use alcohol (AOR = 1.0 95% CI: 1.57-2.11) were more likely to have HIV-related perceived stigma. CONCLUSION: This calls a holistic approach to the prevention and intervention of HIV-related perceived stigma. Emphasis should also be given for HIV-related perceived stigma. REGISTRATION: This study was registered research registry with the registration number (researchregistry7112).

Global burden of acute myocardial injury associated with COVID-19: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.

BACKGROUND: The body of evidence showed that there is a strong correlation between acute myocardial Injury and COVID-19 infection. However, the link between acute myocardial infection and COVID-19, the prevalence, reliability of diagnostic modalities, independent predictors, and clinical outcomes are still uncertain and a topic of debate. The current study was designed to determine the prevalence, determinants, and outcomes of acute myocardial injury based on a systematic review and meta-analysis the global published peer-reviewed works of literature. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed/Medline; Science direct, CINHAL, and LILACS from December 2019 to May 2021. All observational studies reporting the prevalence of AMI were included while case reports and reviews were excluded. The data were extracted with two independent authors in a customized format. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa appraisal tool. RESULTS: A total of 397 articles were identified from different databases. Thirty-seven Articles with 21, 204 participants were included while seven studies were excluded. The meta-analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence of myocardial injury during the COVID-19 pandemic was 22.33 % (95 % CI: 17.86 to 26.81, 37). CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis showed that mortality among patients with an acute myocardial injury during COVID-19 was more than four times more likely as compared to those without AMI. This necessitates a mitigating strategy to prevent and manage before its clinical outcomes getting worse.

Global prevalence and determinants of mental health disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected more than 5 million and lost the lives of more than 300 thousand people globally. It is the first-ever deadly pandemic with a significant degree of fear, worry and concern in the population at large. Therefore, this Meta-Analysis aims to assess the global prevalence and determinants of mental health disorders. METHODS: A three-stage search strategy was conducted on PubMed/Medline, Science direct LILACS and PsycINFO databases. The Heterogeneity among the included studies was checked with forest plot, χ2 test, I2 test, and the p-values. Publication bias was checked with a funnel plot and the objective diagnostic test was conducted with Egger's correlation, Begg's regression tests, and Trim and fill method. RESULTS: The Meta-Analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence of anxiety and depression 33.59% (95% confidence interval (CI): 27.21 to 39.97, 30 studies, 88,543 participants) and 29.98% (95% confidence interval (CI): 25.32 to 34.64, 25 studies, 78,191 participants) respectively. CONCLUSION: The review revealed that more than thirty percent of patients developed anxiety and depression during COVID-19 Pandemic. This presages the health care stakeholders to prevent and intervene in mental health disorders. REGISTRATION: This review was registered in Prospero international prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42020183146).

Prevalence and outcomes of malnutrition among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is inevitable in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to its effect on the gastrointestinal system, immune system, and high metabolic activity. However, the prevalence of malnutrition and its outcomes is uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and outcome of malnutrition among patients with COVID-19. METHOD: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed/Medline; Science direct and LILACS from December 29, 2019 to September, 2020 without language restriction. All observational studies reporting the prevalence of malnutrition were included while case reports and reviews were excluded. The data were extracted with two independent authors with a customized format and the disagreements were resolved by the other authors. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated using a standardized critical appraisal tool. RESULTS: A total of 511 articles were identified from different databases and 27 articles were selected for evaluation after the successive screening. Fourteen articles with 4187 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of malnutrition among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 was 49.11% (95% CI: 31.67 to 66.54). The odd of mortality among patients COVID-19 with malnutrition was 10 times more likely as compared to those who were well-nourished. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of malnutrition and mortality associated with malnutrition among COVID-19 hospitalized patients was very high which entails a mitigating strategy by different stakeholders to prevent and manage malnutrition and its outcomes. REGISTRATION: This systematic review was registered in Prospero's international prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42020215396).

Prevalence of Alcohol Use and Associated Factors among Dilla University Students, Dilla Town, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

INTRODUCTION: Globally, alcohol is one of the most prevalent forms of substance use that is particularly high among young age groups. Despite the adverse health and social challenges associated with alcohol use, it is one of the most common risky behaviours among university students. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of alcohol use and associated factors among Dilla University students in Southern Ethiopia. METHODS: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Dilla University among undergraduate regular students from January to February 2018. A systematic random sampling technique was used to get a total sample of 803 students each year from the department of the university. The collected data were coded, entered into Epi Info version 7.1, and analyzed with SPSS version 20. RESULTS: A total of 803 participants were successfully interviewed with a response rate of 91.7%. Alcohol use prevalence was 41.8% (n = 336) among participants. Being in fourth year (AOR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.64, 4.31), having friends who use the substance (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.1), being a khat user (AOR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.09), and being a cigarette smoker (AOR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.84) were found to be significantly associated with alcohol use. CONCLUSION: The current study revealed that fourth-year students, having friends who use the substance, being khat user, and being cigarette smoker had higher odds of alcohol use among the students. So the findings suggest that effective campus-based counselling and peer education should be implemented for early prevention, detection, and alleviation of alcohol use among students in the university.

Global prevalence and reasons for case cancellation on the intended day of surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Cancellation of operation on the intended day of surgery affects the efficiency of Operation Room which incurs a significant financial loss for the patient, hospital, and health care cost of a country at large. This systematic and Meta-Analysis was intended to provide evidence on the global prevalence and determinants of case cancellation on the intended day of surgery. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed/Medline; Science direct and LILACS from January 2010 to May 2020 without language restriction. The Heterogeneity among the included studies was checked with forest plot, χ2 test, I2 test, and the p-values. All observational studies reporting prevalence and determinants were included. RESULTS: A total of 1207 articles were identified from different databases with an initial search. Fort-eight articles were selected for evaluation after the successive screening. Thirty-three Articles with 306,635 participants were included. The Meta-Analysis revealed that the global prevalence of case cancellation on the intended day of surgery was 18% (95% CI: 16 to 20). The Meta-Analysis also showed that lack of operation theatre facility accounted for the major reason for cancellation followed by no attendant and change in medical condition. CONCLUSION: The meta-analysis revealed that the prevalence of case cancellation was very high in low and middle-income countries and the majorities were avoidable which entails rigorous activities on operation theatre facilities, preoperative evaluation and preparation, patient and health care provider communications. REGISTRATION: This Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis was registered in a research registry (researchregistry5746) available at https://www.researchregistry.com/browse-the-registry#home/.