[Application of modern methods of intravital visualization for the study of various body parts: clinical anatomy].

This paper reviews the methodological and technical possibilities of the application of modern imaging methods (ultrasonography, computer tomography and its variety spiral computer tomography, magnetic resonance tomography, endoscopic investigation) for the study of intravital anatomy of body regions, inner organs, their structures and cavities. It is shown that these methods provide the objective information on the position, dimensions, and structure of the objects under study Using the morphometric methods with further variation-statistical analysis gives the objective quantitative characteristics, allows to distinguish marginal and most common variants of form and dimensions of anatomical structures.

[Morphometric characteristic of abdominal and retroperitoneal organs according to data of supravital computer tomography]. / Morfometricheskaia kharakteristika organov briushnoi polosti i zabriushinnogo prostranstva po dannym prizhiznennoi komp'iuternoi tomografii.

The method of computer tomography was used to study the individual and age-related differences were found in the topography of pancreas, kidneys, abdominal aorta and in the shape of adrenal glands. Morphometric studies performed resulted in the description of the range of these differences and in the establishment of average quantitative parameters. It is concluded that the results of computer tomographic analysis may be used for the studies of intravital topography of the abdominal and retroperitoneal organs of individual patients and for description of variants of localization of different anatomical structures.

[Changes in the capillary bed of the brain in experimental venous stasis (a quantitative analysis)]. / Izmeneiia kapilliarnogo rusla golovnogo mozga pri éksperimental'nom venoznom zastoe (kolichestvennyi analiz).

Using morphometry with the following variational-statistical analysis the study of the structural reorganization of brain capillary bed in different model disturbances of intracranial venous circulation was performed. It was shown that in acute stage of venous congestion, obtained by different ways, capillary bed displayed reaction of one type, in chronic stage it was dependent on the level of the venous block. Integrative index of degrees of capillary bed blood supply is a value of its volume in 1 cubic millimeter brain parenchyma.

[The histotopography of the eye rectus muscles as an anatomical basis for microsurgical operations in strabismus]. / Gistotopografiia priamykh myshts glaza kak anatomicheskaia osnova mikrokhirurgicheskikh operatsii pri kosoglazii.

The forms of vessels and muscular bundles localization in the eye rectal muscles were investigated by methods of morphometry and quantitative analysis. The vessels and the muscular bands may be disposed loose or compact as it has been shown. Inferior and medical rectal muscles the compact variant of bands distribution prevail and they are rich in vessels.

[Status and quantitative characteristics of plethoric brain capillaries in acute and chronic venous congestion]. / Sostoianie i kolichestvennaia kharakteristika polnokrovnykh kapilliarov golovnogo mozga pri ostrom i khronicheskom venoznom zastoe.

Using histological morphometric and variation statistical methods it was demonstrated that in acute and chronic systemic venous congestion in cranial cavity changes in the number of opened capillaries, their cross sectional area and total length of capillary bed occur in brain structures. The above-mentioned changes cause alterations in blood supply of brain regions which objectively reflects reorganization of cerebral vascular bed in new conditions.

[The microcirculatory bed of the brain and bulbar conjunctiva in disorders of the venous circulation]. / Mikrotsirkuliatornoe ruslo golovnogo mozga i bul'barnoi kon''iunktivy pri narusheniiakh venoznogo krovoobrashcheniia.

Microcirculatory bed of the brain was studied in patients with cardiac and cardiopulmonary insufficiency. The findings on the biomicroscopic and histological changes in the vessels of the conjunctiva in experimental animals in the systemic venous stagnation were presented.

[Status of the circulatory bed of the vascular membrane of the eyeball and retrobulbar structures during experimental venous stasis]. / Sostoianie krovenosnogo rusla sosudistoi obolochki glaznogo iabloka i retrobul'barnykh obrazovanii pri venoznom zastoe v éksperimente.

In 43 test animals the state of the blood bed in the retrobulbar formations and the eyeball vasular tunic has been studied under venous congestion produced by ligation of the anterior vena cava (in dogs) and both external jugular veins (in rabbits). A complex of histological, histotopographic, morphometric and variation-statistical techniques has been used. The results obtained demonstrate that disturbances in the venous outflow in the anterior vena cava system produce certain responses in all parts of the retrotubular adipose tissue, of the eyeball muscles, of the optic nerve tunics, of the vascular tunic. Certain stageness is noted in the course of venous congestion. Places of the greatest morphological changes in the eyeball vascular tunic are determined. They are zones of vorticose veins formation and the area corresponding to the posterior pole of the eyeball. The analysis of the specific areas of the intermuscular arteries and veins cross sections demonstrates that in the reaction of these vessels to the different venous outflow in the anterior vena cava system these is certain unevenness in different ofthalmic muscles.