Riparian plant-soil-microbial C:N:P stoichiometry: are they conserved at plant functional group level?

As a consequence of the tight linkages between plants, soil, and microorganisms, we hypothesized the variations in plant species would change soil and microbial stoichiometry. Here, we examined the plant leaf carbon (C):nitrogen (N):phosphorus (P) ratios of nine species coming from three plant functional groups (PFGs) in the riparian zones of Hulunbuir steppe during near-peak biomass. The soil C:N:P, microbial biomass carbon (MBC):microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), and extracellular enzyme's C:N:P were also assessed using the soils from each species. We found that plant tissue, soil nutrient, microbial, and enzyme activity stoichiometry significantly differed among different PFGs. Plant leaf and soil nutrient ratios tended to be similar (p > 0.05) between different species within the same PFGs. The variations in leaf C:N:P significantly correlated with the changes in soil C:N:P and MBC:MBN ratios. The homeostatic coefficients (H) < 1 suggested the relationships between plants and their resources C:N:P ratios might be non-homeostatic in the examined riparian zone. By assessing plant tissue and its soil nutrient stoichiometry, this study provided a perspective to understand the linkages of plant community, soil nutrient, and microbial characteristics.

RBM7 deficiency promotes breast cancer metastasis by coordinating MFGE8 splicing switch and NF-kB pathway.

Aberrant alternative splicing is well-known to be closely associated with tumorigenesis of various cancers. However, the intricate mechanisms underlying breast cancer metastasis driven by deregulated splicing events remain largely unexplored. Here, we unveiled that RBM7 is decreased in lymph node and distant organ metastases of breast cancer as compared to primary lesions and low expression of RBM7 is correlated with the reduced disease-free survival of breast cancer patients. Breast cancer cells with RBM7 depletion exhibited an increased potential for lung metastasis compared to scramble control cells. The absence of RBM7 stimulated breast cancer cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Mechanistically, RBM7 controlled the splicing switch of MFGE8, favoring the production of the predominant isoform of MFGE8, MFGE8-L. This resulted in the attenuation of STAT1 phosphorylation and alterations in cell adhesion molecules. MFGE8-L exerted an inhibitory effect on the migratory and invasive capability of breast cancer cells, while the truncated isoform MFGE8-S, which lack the second F5/8 type C domain had the opposite effect. In addition, RBM7 negatively regulates the NF-κB cascade and an NF-κB inhibitor could obstruct the increase in HUVEC tube formation caused by RBM7 silencing. Clinically, we noticed a positive correlation between RBM7 expression and MFGE8 exon7 inclusion in breast cancer tissues, providing new mechanistic insights for molecular-targeted therapy in combating breast cancer.

Effect of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide on mitochondrial apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells.

FVP is a polysaccharide extracted from Flammulina velutipes with immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, and anti-oxidation activities. In this study, we obtained the crude polysaccharide FVP-C from the water extract of Flammulina velutipes, and its main component FVP-S1 was obtained after further purification. Upon structural identification, we found that FVP-C is a neutral polysaccharide, and FVP-S1 was an acidic golden mushroom polysaccharide, consisting of glucuronic acid, xylose, and glucose. Lung adenocarcinoma (A549) was treated with FVP-S1 and FVP-C, respectively, and we found that FVP-S1 and FVP-C inhibited the proliferation and migration ability of tumor cells, as well as changed the morphology of the tumor cells and caused chromosome sheteropythosis, among which FVP-S1 had the best inhibition effect. The results of flow cytometry experiments and mitochondrial membrane potential, RT-qPCR, and Western blot showed that FVP-S1 and FVP-C were able to decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential, increase the expression level of apoptotic proteins Casepase-3 and Casepase-9 proteins, and at the same time, increase the ratio of Bax and Bcl-2, which promoted apoptosis of tumor cells. In conclusion, these data indicated that FVP-S1 and FVP-C were able to induce apoptosis in A549 cells through the mitochondrial pathway, which played an important role in inhibiting tumor cells.

A Mitochondria-Targeting Fluorescent Probe for the Dual Sensing of Hypochlorite and Viscosity without Signal Crosstalk in Living Cells and Zebrafish.

Hypochlorite (ClO-) and viscosity both affect the physiological state of mitochondria, and their abnormal levels are closely related to many common diseases. Therefore, it is vitally important to develop mitochondria-targeting fluorescent probes for the dual sensing of ClO- and viscosity. Herein, we have explored a new fluorescent probe, XTAP-Bn, which responds sensitively to ClO- and viscosity with off-on fluorescence changes at 558 and 765 nm, respectively. Because the emission wavelength gap is more than 200 nm, XTAP-Bn can effectively eliminate the signal crosstalk during the simultaneous detection of ClO- and viscosity. In addition, XTAP-Bn has several advantages, including high selectivity, rapid response, good water solubility, low cytotoxicity, and excellent mitochondrial-targeting ability. More importantly, probe XTAP-Bn is successfully employed to monitor the dynamic change in ClO- and viscosity levels in the mitochondria of living cells and zebrafish. This study not only provides a reliable tool for identifying mitochondrial dysfunction but also offers a potential approach for the early diagnosis of mitochondrial-related diseases.

Application of Bimetallic Hydroxide/Graphene Composites in Wastewater Treatment.

The increasing discharge of antibiotic wastewater leads to increasing water pollution. Most of these antibiotic wastewaters are persistent, strongly carcinogenic, easy to bioaccumulate, and have other similar characteristics, seriously jeopardizing human health and the ecological environment. As a commonly used wastewater treatment technology, non-homogeneous electro-Fenton technology avoids the hazards of H2O2 storage and transportation as well as the loss of desorption and reabsorption. It also facilitates electron transfer on the electrodes and the reduction of Fe3+ on the catalysts, thereby reducing sludge production. However, the low selectivity and poor activity of electro-synthesized H2O2, along with the low concentration of its products, combined with the insufficient activity of electrically activated H2O2, results in a low ∙OH yield. To address the above problems, composites of layered bimetallic hydroxides and carbon materials were designed and prepared in this paper to enhance the performance of electro-synthesized H2O2 and non-homogeneous electro-Fenton by changing the composite mode of the materials. Three composites, NiFe layered double hydroxides (LDHs)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO), NiMn LDHs/rGO, and NiMnFe LDHs/rGO, were constructed by the electrostatic self-assembly of exfoliated LDHs with few-layer graphene. The LDHs/rGO was loaded on carbon mats to construct the electro-Fenton cathode materials, and the non-homogeneous electro-Fenton oxidative degradation of organic pollutants was realized by the in situ electrocatalytic reduction of O2 to ∙OH. Meanwhile, the effects of solution pH, applied voltage, and initial concentration on the performance of non-homogeneous electro-Fenton were investigated with ceftazidime as the target pollutant, which proved that the cathode materials have an excellent electro-Fenton degradation effect.

Complete genome sequence of human papillomavirus 31 isolated from the human cervical cell line, CIN612 9E.

Human papillomavirus genomes replicate extrachromosomally in infected tissues and derived keratinocyte cells. The cell line CIN12 9E was established from a cervical CIN1 lesion, contains replicating HPV31 genomes, and is widely used as a model to study the HPV life cycle. Here, we clone and sequence the HPV31 9E genome.

Enhancing safety and therapeutic efficacy: PD-1 inhibitor and recombinant human endostatin combination in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the therapeutic efficacy of combining a programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor with recombinant human endostatin in patients diagnosed with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: We retrospectively collected data from 83 patients with advanced NSCLC who received treatment at Xi'an Daxing Hospital between May 2020 and July 2022. Among them, 42 patients were treated with a PD-1 inhibitor combined with recombinant human endostatin (observation group), while 41 patients received PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy (control group). We evaluated the objective response rate, changes in serum tumor markers pre- and post-treatment, occurrence of adverse reactions, progression-free survival (PFS), 1-year survival rate, and identified independent risk factors affecting prognosis in both groups. RESULTS: The treatment efficacy in the observation group significantly surpassed that in the control group. Following treatment, the levels of cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1, carcinoembryonic antigen, and carbohydrate antigen 125 decreased significantly in the observation group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). There was no notable difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P < 0.001). The median PFS and 1-year survival rate were notably higher in the observation group (P < 0.001). Age, liver metastasis, and treatment regimen emerged as independent risk factors affecting poor prognosis in patients (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Combining a PD-1 inhibitor with recombinant human endostatin in patients with advanced NSCLC not only enhances clinical efficacy but also increases PFS and the 1-year survival rate while ensuring treatment safety. This combination therapy shows promise for clinical application.

Sophoricoside ameliorates methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting Bach1/Akt pathway.

BACKGROUND: The lack of effective treatments for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, which often leads to severe acute lung injury (ALI), poses a grave threat to human life. Sophoricoside (SOP), an isoflavone glycoside abundant in the fruit of traditional Chinese herbal Sophora japonica l., showed anti-inflammatory effects against atopic dermatitis, allergic inflammation, and lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI. However, its effect and underlying mechanism on MRSA-induced ALI remain unclear. PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to assess the protective effect of SOP in MRSA-induced ALI and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS: In vivo experiments were conducted using wild-type mice to establish MRSA-induced ALI mouse model, and the effects of SOP on ALI were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and several biochemical indicators. Adoptive transfer experiments and BTB and CNC homology 1 knockout (Bach1-/-) mice were also utilized in this study. In vitro studies employed murine macrophages RAW264.7 cells, primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), and primary lung macrophages to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS: The administration of SOP ameliorated MRSA-induced ALI by improving pulmonary histological damages, reducing neutrophil infiltration, suppressing oxidative stress levels, and decreasing the expression of inflammatory cytokines. In isolation experiments with ALI mouse lung macrophages and macrophage adoptive transfer experiments, SOP prevented macrophage activation, thereby reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines. In vitro experiments demonstrated that SOP decreased the expression of inflammatory mediators in lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, BMDMs, and primary lung macrophages. Additionally, SOP inhibited protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation and treatment with MK2206-a specific inhibitor of Akt-eliminated SOP's ability to suppress LTA-stimulated macrophage inflammation. Furthermore, stimulation with LTA or MRSA up-regulated Bach1 expression; however, deletion of Bach1 abolished the inhibitory effect of SOP on p-Akt activation as well as inflammation and ALI development. CONCLUSION: This study provides the first evidence that SOP effectively mitigates MRSA-induced ALI via suppressing macrophage activation through the inhibition of Bach1/Akt pathway. These findings highlight the potential of SOP as a novel therapeutic agent for treating MRSA-induced ALI.

Relationship between emotional intelligence and academic support perception among nursing interns: The moderating role of bullying behaviors in nursing education.

AIM: This study aims to investigate the status of academic support perception among nursing interns and explore the correlation between academic support perception, emotional intelligence, and bullying behaviors in nursing education, especially the moderating role of bullying behavior on the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic support perception. BACKGROUND: Academic support perception is closely related to the nursing interns' mental health and academic performance. To some extent, it can reflect nursing interns' satisfaction and happiness during their internship, affecting their motivation to continue their studies. However, little is known about the nursing interns' academic support perception in China. METHODS: A total of 1020 nursing interns participated in this study. A sociodemographic information questionnaire, Bullying Behaviors in Nursing Education Scale, Wong and Law's Emotional Intelligence Scale, and Academic Support in the Practicum Scale were used to collect data. FINDINGS: Bullying behaviors and emotional intelligence were significantly associated with nursing interns' academic support perception. In addition, bullying behaviors in nursing education moderated the association between emotional intelligence and academic support perception. DISCUSSION: Nursing interns who possess high emotional intelligence and experience less bullying in nursing education tend to perceive higher academic support in clinical practice. The positive effects of emotional intelligence on nursing interns' academic support perceptions are contingent on the level of bullying behavior experienced in nursing education. Less bullying behaviors in nursing education enhance the impact of emotional intelligence on academic support perception. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Strategies should be created to promote emotional intelligence and decrease bullying behaviors in nursing education to improve the perception of academic support among nursing interns.

Dynamic evolution characteristics and hazard assessment of compound drought/waterlogging and low temperature events for maize.

Hazard assessment is fundamental in the field of disaster risk management. With the increase in global warming, compound water and temperature events have become more frequent. Current research lacks risk assessments of low temperatures and their compound events, necessitating relevant hazard assessment work to improve the accuracy and diversity of maize disaster prevention and mitigation strategies. This study comparatively analyzed the dynamic evolution characteristics and hazards of compound drought/waterlogging and low temperature events (CDLEs and CWLEs) for maize in the Songliao Plain during different growth periods from 1981 to 2020. First, composite drought/waterlogging and low temperature magnitude indices (CDLMI and CWLMI) were constructed to quantify the intensity of CDLEs and CWLEs by fitting non-exceedance probabilities. Next, static and dynamic hazard assessment models were developed by fitting probability density and cumulative probability density curves to CDLMI and CWLMI. The results showed that the correlations between SPRI and LTI across different decades were mainly negative during the three growth periods. The hazard ratings for both CDLEs and CWLEs were relatively high in the northern part of the study area, consistent with the higher occurrence, duration, and severity of both CDLEs and CWLEs at higher latitudes. Relative to 2001-2010, the center of gravity of hazard shifted southward for CDLEs and northward for CWLEs in 2011-2020. The mean duration, frequency, and hazard were generally higher for CWLEs, but CDLEs were associated with more severe maize yield reductions. This study provides new insights into compound disaster risk assessment, and the research methodology can be generalized to other agricultural growing areas to promote sustainable development of agricultural systems and food security.

Association between glaucoma and stroke: A bidirectional mendelian randomization study.

Purpose: Observational studies have reported positive associations between glaucoma and stroke; however, controversial results exist. Importantly, the nature of the relationship remains unknown since previous studies were not designed to test causality. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the possible causal relationships between glaucoma and stroke. Methods: Our two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) encompassed multi-ethnic large-scale genome-wide association studies with more than 20000 cases and 260000 controls for glaucoma, and more than 80000 cases and 630000 controls for stroke. Individual effect estimates for each SNP were combined using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. To avoid potential pleiotropic effects, we adjusted the main results by excluding genetic variants associated with metabolic factors. The weighted median and MR-Egger methods were also used for the sensitivity analysis. Results: Our MR analysis revealed that glaucoma and its subtypes, including primary open-angle glaucoma and primary angle-closure glaucoma, exhibited no causal role in relation to any stroke (AS), any ischemic stroke (AIS), large-artery atherosclerotic stroke (LAS), small-vessel stroke (SVS), or cardioembolic stroke (CES) across MR analyses (all P â€‹> â€‹0.05). The null associations remained robust even after adjusting for metabolic-related traits and were consistent in both the European and Asian populations. Furthermore, reverse MR analyses also did not indicate any significant causal effects of AS, AIS, LAS, or CES on glaucoma risk. Conclusions: Evidence from our series of causal inference approaches using large-scale population-based MR analyses did not support causal effects between glaucoma and stroke. These findings suggest that the relationship of glaucoma management and stroke risk prevention should be carefully evaluated in future studies. In turn, stroke diagnosis should not be simply applied to glaucoma risk prediction.

pH-Responsive, Wide Color Gamut Dynamic Color Display Enabled by PDMAEMA Brush-Based Fabry-Perot Resonant Cavity.

Dynamic color-changing materials have attracted broad interest due to their widespread applications in visual sensing, dynamic color display, anticounterfeiting, and image encryption/decryption. In this work, we demonstrate a novel pH-responsive dynamic color-changing material based on a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity with a pH-responsive poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) brush layer as the responsive insulating layer. The pH-responsive PDMAEMA brush undergoes protonation at a low pH value (pH < 6), which induces different swelling degrees in response to pH and thus refractive index and thickness change of the insulator layer of the MIM FP cavity. This leads to significant optical property changes in transmission and a distinguishable color change spanning the whole visible region by adjusting the pH value of the external environment. Due to the reversible conformational change of the PDMAEMA and the formation of covalent bonds between the PDMAEMA molecular chain and the Ag substrate, the MIM FP cavity exhibits stable performance and good reproducibility. This pH-responsive MIM FP cavity establishes a new way to modulate transmission color in the full visible region and exhibits a broad prospect of applications in dynamic color display, real-time environment monitoring, and information encryption and decryption.

"Isolation by Gentes with Asymmetric Migration" shapes the genetic structure of the common cuckoo in China.

Amid coevolutionary arms races between brood parasitic birds and their diverse host species, the formation of host-specific races, or gentes, has drawn significant research focus. Nevertheless, numerous questions about gentes evolutionary patterns persist. Here, we investigated the potential for gentes evolution across multiple common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) populations parasitizing diverse host species in China. Using maternal (mitochondrial and W-linked DNA) and biparental (autosomal and Z-linked DNA) markers, we found consistent clustering of cuckoo gentes (rather than geographical populations) into distinct clades in matrilineal gene trees, indicating robust differentiation. In contrast, biparental markers indicated intermixing of all gentes, suggesting asymmetric gene flow regardless of geography. Unlike the mitonuclear discordance commonly resulting from incomplete lineage sorting, adaptive introgression, or demographic disparities, the observed pattern in brood parasitic cuckoos might reflect biased host preferences between sexes. We hereby present the "Isolation by Gentes with Asymmetric Migration" model. According to this model, the maternal line differentiation of the common cuckoo in China is potentially driven by host preferences in females, whereas males maintained the integrity of the cuckoo species through random mating. To achieve this, cuckoo males could perform flexible migration among gentes or engage in early copulation with females before reaching the breeding sites, allowing female cuckoos to store sperm from various gentes. Future studies collecting additional samples from diverse cuckoo gentes with overlapping distribution and investigating the migratory and copulation patterns of each sex would enhance our understanding of sex-biased differentiation among cuckoo populations in China.

Diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in judging the survival of graft after heteroautoplasty for secondary hyperparathyroidism.

BACKGROUND: Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is one of the common complications of end-stage renal disease-uremia, and is mainly manifested as parathyroid hyperplasia and abnormal secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value and advantages of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in evaluating the survival of autografts after parathyroidectomy + parathyroid autotransplantation. METHODS: In this study, 125 patients with renal failure due to polycystic kidney disease, chronic nephritis, diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis, and atherosclerotic nephropathy were enrolled as the participants and each of them had 4 secondary hyperactive parathyroid glands and underwent parathyroid autotransplantation. One parathyroid gland was taken from each patient and equally divided into 4 parts and placed in the subcutaneous fat of one forearm for transplantation. CEUS was performed 14 days after the transplantation to observe the micro blood supply of the graft and assess the survival and secretory function of the transplanted parathyroid. The grafts were divided into the partial survival group and the total survival group based on the enhancement characteristics. The survival of the grafts was determined by comparing the parathyroid hormone level in bilateral elbow cephalic veins 1 month after surgery. RESULTS: Among the 125 patients, 112 had linear or punctate enhancement of 2-4 parathyroid glands 14 days after surgery, and 13 patients had linear or punctate enhancement of 0-1 parathyroid gland. There were statistically significant differences in the perfusion pattern, enhancement uniformity, and parathyroid hormone levels in the cephalic veins at the elbow on both the graft and non-graft sides among all groups (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared to the detection of the difference in the parathyroid hormone level in the cephalic vein of bilateral elbows 1 month after surgery, CEUS can reflect the parathyroid survival after transplantation more quickly and accurately 2 weeks later, and provide a more rapid and agile non-invasive clinical diagnosis method.

Genetic association between long non-coding RNA MIAT polymorphism and ischemic stroke susceptibility in the Chinese population.

OBJECTIVES: The genetic association of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) polymorphism with ischemic stroke (IS) susceptibility is not fully understood. To explore whether lncRNA MIAT rs1894720 polymorphism can predict the susceptibility of IS in the Chinese Han population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 200 IS cases and 200 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum MIAT levels were tested via qRT-PCR. Rs1894720 genotyping was accomplished through Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: MIAT rs1894720 genotypes were differentially distributed in IS and control groups. Rs1894720 TT genotype was considered to be a protective factor for IS risk in dominant model (GT + TT vs GG: OR = 0.630, 95 % CI = 0.412-0.962, P = 0.032). Further stratification results showed that individuals carrying the rs1894720 G allele in people older than 65 years, men, smokers, or those with hypertension had a higher risk of IS. MIAT rs1894720 GG genotype was positively related to the susceptibility to IS of LAA subtype compared with the healthy controls. GG genotype carriers had high serum MIAT levels compared to those with GT and TT genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: MIAT rs1894720 polymorphism was associated with the risk of IS in the Chinese Han population, especially for LAA subtype. Rs1894720 GG genotype carriers were at greater risk of developing IS.

Targeting pyruvate kinase M2 for the treatment of kidney disease.

Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis, is a cellular regulator that has received extensive attention and regards as a metabolic regulator of cellular metabolism and energy. Kidney is a highly metabolically active organ, and glycolysis is the important energy resource for kidney. The accumulated evidences indicates that the enzymatic activity of PKM2 is disturbed in kidney disease progression and treatment, especially diabetic kidney disease and acute kidney injury. Modulating PKM2 post-translational modification determines its enzymatic activity and nuclear translocation that serves as an important interventional approach to regulate PKM2. Emerging evidences show that PKM2 and its post-translational modification participate in kidney disease progression and treatment through modulating metabolism regulation, podocyte injury, fibroblast activation and proliferation, macrophage polarization, and T cell regulation. Interestingly, PKM2 activators (TEPP-46, DASA-58, mitapivat, and TP-1454) and PKM2 inhibitors (shikonin, alkannin, compound 3k and compound 3h) have exhibited potential therapeutic property in kidney disease, which indicates the pleiotropic effects of PKM2 in kidney. In the future, the deep investigation of PKM2 pleiotropic effects in kidney is urgently needed to determine the therapeutic effect of PKM2 activator/inhibitor to benefit patients. The information in this review highlights that PKM2 functions as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for kidney diseases.

How long-term PM exposure may affect all-site cancer mortality: Evidence from a large cohort in southern China.

BACKGROUND: Evidence of a potential causal link between long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) and all-site cancer mortality from large population cohorts remained limited and suffered from residual confounding issues with traditional statistical methods. AIMS: We aimed to examine the potential causal relationship between long-term PM exposure and all-site cancer mortality in South China using causal inference methods. METHODS: We used a cohort in southern China that recruited 580,757 participants from 2009 through 2015 and tracked until 2020. Annual averages of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations were generated with validated spatiotemporal models. We employed a causal inference approach, the Marginal Structural Cox model, based on observational data to evaluate the association between long-term exposure to PM and all-site cancer mortality. RESULTS: With an increase of 1 µg/m³ in PM1, PM2.5, and PM10, the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for all-site cancer were 1.033 (95% CI: 1.025-1.041), 1.032 (95% CI: 1.027-1.038), and 1.020 (95% CI: 1.016-1.025), respectively. The HRs (95% CI) for digestive system and respiratory system cancer mortality associated with each 1 µg/m³ increase in PM1 were 1.022 (1.009-1.035) and 1.053 (1.038-1.068), respectively. In addition, inactive participants, who never smoked, or who lived in areas of low surrounding greenness were more susceptible to the effects of PM exposure, the HRs (95% CI) for all-site cancer mortality were 1.042 (1.031-1.053), 1.041 (1.032-1.050), and 1.0473 (1.025-1.070) for every 1 µg/m³ increase in PM1, respectively. The effect of PM1 tended to be more pronounced in the low-exposure group than in the general population, and multiple sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. CONCLUSION: This study provided evidence that long-term exposure to PM may elevate the risk of all-site cancer mortality, emphasizing the potential health benefits of improving air quality for cancer prevention.

Analysis of risk factors for failed closed reduction in pediatric Gartland Type III supracondylar humerus fracture.

PURPOSE: Gartland Type III supracondylar humerus fractures are commonly treated using closed reduction followed by percutaneous pin fixation. However, conversion to open reduction may be necessary if closed reduction fails. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with failed closed reduction and provide a theoretical basis for clinical decision-making in the treatment of Gartland Type III fractures. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on children with Gartland Type III supracondylar humerus fracture who underwent surgical treatment between April 2017 and June 2018. Based on whether or not the closed reduction was successful, patients were split into the open reduction group and the closed reduction group. Within the closed reduction group, subgroup analysis based on surgery duration was carried out. Data were collected from medical records and X-ray images. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were utilized to evaluate the relationship between variables and failed closed reduction. RESULTS: The study included 36 patients in the open reduction group and 135 patients in the closed reduction group. Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of angle (P=0.024, OR=3.199), rotation (P=0.000, OR=6.359), skin creases (P=0.013, OR=4.077), anterior-posterior displacement ratio (P=0.011, OR=4.337), fracture angle in the anteroposterior view (P=0.014, OR=0.939), and fracture distal displacement direction (P=0.002, OR=5.384) were independent risk factors for failed closed reduction. Subgroup analysis showed that fracture distal displacement direction (P=0.013), skin folds (P=0.013), lateral displacement ratio (P=0.016), and anterior-posterior displacement value (P=0.005) significantly influenced the duration of closed reduction surgery. CONCLUSION: The presence of sharp angle or rotation at the fracture ends, skin folds on the anterior elbow, minor anterior-posterior displacement of the fracture, higher medial inclination of the fracture plane, and distal fracture displacement towards the radial side are independent risk factors for failed closed reduction in pediatric Gartland Type III supracondylar humerus fracture.