[Comparison on biological activities of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides extracted with five methods].

Studying the physicochemical properties and biological activities of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides(LBPs) is of great significance. The previous study had extracted LBPs(LBP-1, LBP-2, LBP-3, LBP-4, and LBP-5) by five different methods(cold water extraction, boiling water reflux extraction of the residue after cold water extraction, ultrasonic extraction with 50% ethanol, ultrasonic extraction with 25% ethanol of the residue after 50% ethanol extraction, and hot water extraction). In this study, the structures of the obtained five LBPs were characterized by UV spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the antioxidant, blood lipid-lowering, nitrosation-inhibting, acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting, and tyrosinase-inhibiting activities of the five LBPs were measured in vitro. The results showed that high-temperature extraction destroyed the polysaccharide structure, while ultrasound-assisted extraction ensured the structural integrity. The thermal stability and degradation behaviors differed among the five LBPs. However, the UV spectroscopic results of the five LBPs did not show significant differences, and all of the five LBPs showed the characteristic absorption peaks of proteins. LBP-3 and LBP-4 exhibited strong antioxidant activity, while LBP-3 had the strongest blood lipid-lowering activity. In addition, LBP-3 outperformed other LBPs in inhibiting nitrosation and acetylcholineste-rase, and LBP-2 showed the strongest inhibitory effect on tyrosinase. This study explored the effects of different extraction methods on the physicochemical properties and biological activities of LBPs, with a view to providing a basis for the selection of suitable extraction methods to obtain LBPs with ideal biological activities.

Advances in polysaccharides of natural source of anti-diabetes effect and mechanism.

PURPOSE: Diabetes is a chronic disease in metabolic disorder, and the pathology is characterized by insulin resistance and insulin secretion disorder in blood. In current, many studies have revealed that polysaccharides extracted from natural sources with significant anti-diabetic effects. Natural polysaccharides can ameliorate diabetes through different action mechanisms. All these polysaccharides are expected to have an important role in the clinic. METHODS: Existing polysaccharides for the treatment of diabetes are reviewed, and the mechanism of polysaccharides in the treatment of diabetes and its structural characteristics are described in detail. RESULTS: This article introduced the natural polysaccharide through different mechanisms of action in the treatment of diabetes, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammatory response and regulation of intestinal bacteria. Natural polysaccharides can treat of diabetes by regulating signaling pathways is also a research hotspot. In addition, the structural characteristics of polysaccharides were explored. There are some structure-activity relationships between natural polysaccharides and the treatment of diabetes.

Lipidomic investigation of the protective effects of Polygonum perfoliatum against chemical liver injury in mice.

OBJECTIVE: Recent investigations have demonstrated that Polygonum perfoliatum L. can protect against chemical liver injury, but the mechanism behind its efficacy is still unclear. Therefore, we studied the pharmacological mechanism at work in P. perfoliatum protection against chemical liver injury. METHODS: To evaluate the activity of P. perfoliatum against chemical liver injury, levels of alanine transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde were measured, alongside histological assessments of the liver, heart and kidney tissue. A nontargeted lipidomics strategy based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry method was used to obtain the lipid profiles of mice with chemical liver injury and following treatment with P. perfoliatum; these profiles were used to understand the possible mechanisms behind P. perfoliatum's protective activity. RESULTS: Lipidomic studies indicated that P. perfoliatum protected against chemical liver injury, and the results were consistent between histological and physiological analyses. By comparing the profiles of liver lipids in model and control mice, we found that the levels of 89 lipids were significantly changed. In animals receiving P. perfoliatum treatment, the levels of 8 lipids were significantly improved, relative to the model animals. The results showed that P. perfoliatum extract could effectively reverse the chemical liver injury and significantly improve the abnormal liver lipid metabolism of mice with chemical liver injury, especially glycerophospholipid metabolism. CONCLUSION: Regulation of enzyme activity related to the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway may be involved in the mechanism of P. perfoliatum's protection against liver injury. Please cite this article as: Peng L, Chen HG, Zhou X. Lipidomic investigation of the protective effects of Polygonum perfoliatum against chemical liver injury in mice. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(3): 289-301.

[Effects of different extraction methods on chemical compositions and biological activities of polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum].

In this study, five polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum(LBPs)(LBP-1-LBP-5) were selectively extracted by different extraction methods, and the chemical composition, structural characteristics, and biological activities of LBPs were explored. The results of chemical composition analysis showed that alkaloids were not detected in the five LBPs. The total polysaccharide content was(81.95%±1.6%)-(92.96%±0.76%), the uronic acid content was(8.26%±0.46%)-(24.81%±0.46%), and the protein content was(0.06%±0.03%)-(1.35%±0.13%). The monosaccharide compositions of the five LBPs were basically same, mainly including glucose, xylose, and galactose. However, there was significant difference in the content ratio of different monosaccharide. The results of infrared spectra analysis indicated that the five LBPs had typical infrared spectral characteristics of polysaccharides. The results of nuclear magnetic resonance characteristic spectrum analysis revealed that the five LBPs had two configurations of α and ß. Meanwhile, there were triple helix structures in LBP-2, LBP-3, and LBP-4, which enhanced the activities of polysaccharides. The results of activities screening suggested that the biological activities of the five LBPs were significantly different. LBP-3 showed the highest lipid oxidation clearance rate, and its antioxidant activity was equivalent to that of the positive control group. The inhibitory rate of LBP-4 on α-amylase and its activation rate of alcohol dehydrogenase were better than those of other fractions, and the inhibitory rate of LBP-4 on α-amylase was slightly higher than that of the positive control group when the mass concentration was 10 g·L~(-1). LBP-2 showed stronger inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and hyaluronidase. This study provides references for the precise development and utilization of LBPs.

[Research progress on intestinal microecology regulating mechanism and biological activities of polysaccharides].

Intestinal microecology is an important defense system in the human body. The intestinal flora is the core micro-ecosystem in the human intestine. It has a symbiotic relationship with the overall functions of the body. It has strong metabolic activity to maintain the normal functioning of the body and resist the invasion of various viral antigens in the body. Playing a protective function,the imbalanced intestinal microecology can cause various diseases. Polysaccharides can be extracted from a wide range of sources and have low toxicity and side effects. They have attracted wide attention because of their anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and other biological activities. Studies have demonstrated that polysaccharides can regulate intestinal microecological disorders. According to the studies in recent years, this review summarizes that polysaccharides mainly modulate intestinal microecological disorders through regulating the composition of intestinal flora, improving the metabolism of the flora, and repairing the intestinal tract barrier. On the basis of these mechanisms of action, this paper elaborates the anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities of polysaccharides. This paper can provide reference for the future research on the intestinal microecology-regulating mechanism and biological activities of polysaccharides.

Mori Fructus Polysaccharides Attenuate Alcohol-Induced Liver Damage by Regulating Fatty Acid Synthesis, Degradation and Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in Mice.

Mori Fructus polysaccharides (MFP) are macromolecules extracted from Mori Fructus (MF), which has the biological activity of anti-liver damage. Our group found that MFP maybe down regulate the serum triglyceride level in mice with alcohol-induced liver damage, suggesting that MFP can regulate lipid metabolism, but its specific mechanism is still not clear. Fifty SPF-ICR male mice weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into five groups, blank group, model group, bifendate group, MFPA1 group and MFPB1 group. The blood and liver tissues were taken from mice for nontargeted lipidomic analysis and histopathological examination after 7 day's treatment. The histopathological changes indicated that the normal liver cells were intact and regular, with orderly arrangement and distinct cell boundaries; the liver of model mice showed inflammatory infiltration, ballooning degeneration in the cells and small lipid drops; the liver of mice in the bifendate, MFPA1 and MFPB1 groups showed similar symptoms to those of model mice, but the lesions were less severe and the ballooning degeneration were reduced. Multivariate analysis of all lipids in the serum of five groups of mice showed there were obvious differences in lipid metabolism between the model group and the blank group. At the same time, seven kinds of differential lipids were precisely identified after screening, including prostaglandins, long-chain fatty acids, glycerophospholipids, acyl carnitines. In summary, alcohol intake and MFP intervention have significant effects on fatty acid synthesis, degradation and glycerophospholipid metabolism.

Study on the Efficacy and Mechanism of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide against Lead-Induced Renal Injury in Mice.

Lead is one of the most common heavy metal pollutants in the environment. Prolonged exposure to lead will induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the kidneys, which in turn causes kidney injury. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is well known for its numerous pharmacological properties. This study aims to explore the efficacy and mechanism of LBP against lead-induced kidney damage in mice. Symptoms of renal injury were induced in mice by using 25 mg/kg lead acetate (PbAc2), and different doses of LBP (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg BW) were orally administrated to PbAc2-treated mice for five weeks. The results of the pharmacodynamics experiment showed that the renal pathological damages, serum creatinine (Cre), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and kidney index of PbAc2-treated mice could be significantly alleviated by treatment with LBP. Further, LBP treatment significantly increased the weight and feed intake of PbAc2-treated mice. The dose effect results indicated that a medium dose of LBP was superior to high and low doses. The results of mechanistic experiments showed that LBP could attenuate oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the kidneys of mice with lead toxicity by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway.

[Research progress on mechanism of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine for gastric cancer].

Gastric cancer is a disease with high mortality, which threatens the health of people for a long time. At present, the main treatment methods are surgery and chemotherapy, but these methods have great harm to the human body. However, it is found that the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine have an obvious therapeutic effect in the adjuvant treatment of the tumor. Therefore, the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine have become a research hotspot in the anti-tumor field. In recent years, many related researchers have been particularly active in studying the in vitro activity and mechanism of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine on human gastric cancer cells. In this paper, the Chinese herbal medicine extracts, polysaccharides, alkaloids, saponins, flavones, terpenes, quinones, volatile oils, esters, phenols, protein components and other active ingredients of Chinese medicine were used as the starting points to investigate the anti-gastric cancer mechanism, such as inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis of cancer cells, inhibiting cell invasion and migration; inhibiting over-expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF); interfering with cell mitosis; and regulating cell signaling pathways. Their in vitro inhibitory activity and mechanism for gastric cancer cells were described in this study, providing a theoretical reference for the development and application of anti-gastric cancer drugs.

[Research progress on anti-hepatocellular carcinoma mechanism of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine].

According to the latest data, the annual mortality rate of liver cancer in China ranks the second among malignant tumors, and it has become one of the most fatal cancers in urban and rural areas. This article starts with the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines for liver cancer to summarize the relevant literature at home and abroad, with the hope to provide theoretical references for the development of traditional Chinese medicines against liver cancer. The results show that the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines such as Chinese herbal extracts, flavonoids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, terpenes, quinones, phenols, bioenzymes, and protein components are the entry points, mainly by inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells, blocking the cancer cell cycle, inhibiting the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells, regulating signal pathways, regulating vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and reactive oxygen species(ROS), etc. to play the effects against liver cancer. It can be seen that the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine with coordinated intervention effects at multiple levels and multiple targets are expected to become ideal medicines for the treatment of liver cancer.

[Mass spectrometry imaging technology and its application in medicinal plants research].

As an important molecular imaging technology, mass spectrometry imaging(MSI) converts the ionic strength, mass-charge ratio and coordinates of ionized molecules in specific areas recorded by mass spectrometer into a pixel model by special imaging analysis software, and reconstructs the spatial ion distribution image of the compounds tested. It has the advantages of simple sample preparation, high sensitivity and no need for labeling. In recent years, MSI technology has been widely used in medicine, pharmacy, botany and other fields. Among them, the application of MSI technology in the research of medicinal plants provides a new technical idea for clarifying the pharmacological mechanism, improving the curative effect, tracking the distribution of toxic components, and makes an important contribution to the further development and utilization of medicinal plants. This review summarizes the research results of MSI technology in recent years for identification of medicinal plants, distribution of metabolites, pathway of active ingredient synthesis, medicinal safety and plant defense, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different research methods. Finally, the advantages and practical obstacles of MSI technology in medicinal plant research are briefly pointed out, and the prospects for the future development of MSI technology and medicinal plant research are also prospected.

[Exploration of modern scientific connotation of Miao medicine Qizu Xueyu syndrome and intervention mechanism of Kangfuyan Capsules].

The aim of this paper was to explore the modern scientific connotation of Qizu Xueyu syndrome in Miao medicine and the intervention mechanism of Kangfuyan Capsules on Qizu Xueyu syndrome. Under the guidance of the theory of Miao medicine,an experimental animal model was constructed to characterize Qizu Xueyu syndrome in Miao medicine,and its modern scientific connotation was explored from the perspectives of general signs,blood lipid index,serum biochemical index and immune index. Furthermore,the relevant experimental animals were given Kangfuyan Capsules for intervention,then observed the corrective effect of Kangfuyan Capsules on abnormal physiological and biochemical indexes of the experimental animal model. The model animals showed signs such as mental depression,rough coat,dull and glossy,and the writhing behavior changed significantly. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol,creatine phosphate kinase,Ig G,urea nitrogen,creatinine,direct bilirubin,urea,urinary biliary and liver index were significantly higher than those in the blank group( P< 0. 01). The blood sugar and thymus index were significantly lower than those in the blank group( P <0. 01). After the intervention of Kangfuyan Capsules,the physiological and mental state of the experimental animals improved,their weight increased and their writhing behavior improved. Creatine phosphate kinase( CK) was significantly higher than that of Qizu Xueyu group( P<0. 01),direct bilirubin was significantly lower than that of Qizu Xueyu group( P<0. 01),immune indexes had no significant difference,urinary bilirubin returned to normal. The modern scientific connotation of Qizu Xueyu syndrome in Miao medicine can be characterized by ischemia,tissue and cell damage,infection and abnormal liver and kidney function caused by smooth muscle spasm. Kangfuyan Capsules can relieve uterine smooth muscle spasm,improve local blood circulation,repair muscle cell injury,protect liver and improve renal function.

[Structure-activity relationship of plant polysaccharides].

Plant polysaccharides have a variety of biological activities and have become the focus of many fields such as the areas of medicine and food for the features of safety, high efficiency and low toxicity. The chemical structure of plant polysaccharides is the foundation for the biological activity. Polysaccharides with different chemical structures have great differences in biological activity. The exploration of the structure-activity relationship of plant polysaccharides has guiding significance for the development of new drugs and the health care products of saccharides. Many biological activities of plant polysaccharides such as anti-hepatic injury, antineoplastic, antiviral, hypoglycemia, anticoagulation, anti-oxidation and immunoregulation have been discovered. Therefore, this paper focuses on the bioactivity as the main line, and summarizes the studies on structure-activity relationship and mechanism of plant polysaccharides at home and abroad in recent years. The key point is the structure-activity relationship between plant polysaccharides and the anti-hepatic injury, antineoplastic, antiviral, hypoglycemia, and anticoagulation activities, providing reference for intensive study and exploration of structure-activity relationship of plant polysaccharides as well as development and application of polysaccharides products.

[Characterization and activity effect on ADH of polysaccharides from Mori Fructus].

Mori Fructus polysaccharides (MFPs) have been used as a source of therapeutic agents. The most promising activities of these biopolymers are their immunomodulation and anti-cancer effects. It was reported that polysaccharides were a potential drug against liver injury, but the hepatoprotective effect of MFPs was ambiguous. In this study, the fractionation of crude polysaccharides on DEAE-Cellulose 52 gave four fractions (MFP-1, MFP-2, MFP-2 and MFP-4). The results showed that the contents of carbohydrates were 75.3%, 83.7%, 79.1%, 74.3%, and the molecular weight of them were 112.2, 128.8, 199.5, 181.9 kDa. Monosaccharide component analysis indicated that MFP-1 was composed of galactose, glucose, arabinose, rhamnose and mannose with the molarity rate of 26.8∶20.4∶8.74∶5∶1; MFP-2 contained arabinose, galactose, rhamnose, glucose and galacturonic acid with the molarity rate of 34.2∶38.2∶8∶17.5∶15.1; MFP-3 was composed of galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, rhamnose and arabinose with the molarity rate of 28.3∶22.6∶20.9∶18.6∶15.1; MFP-4 contained glucose, galactose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, arabinose and glucuronic acid with the molarity rate of 47.4∶34.9∶36.1∶33.1∶19.9∶4.1. IR analysis's results indicated that MFP-3 and MFP-4 may be polysaccharides containing ß-glycosides. The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity text showed that, all these four MFPs were found have a positive effect on the activity of ADH, with order: bifendate>MFP-3>MFP-1>MFP-2>tioprnin>MFP-4, and the MFP-3 had the highest activity and demonstrated outstanding hepatic protecting activity.

The Tissue Distribution and Urinary Excretion Study of Gallic Acid and Protocatechuic Acid after Oral Administration of Polygonum Capitatum Extract in Rats.

In the present study, we investigated the tissue distribution and urinary excretion of gallic acid (GA) and protocatechuic acid (PCA) after rat oral administration of aqueous extract of Polygonum capitatum (P. capitatum, named Herba Polygoni Capitati in China). An UHPLC-MS/MS analytical method was developed and adopted for quantification of GA and PCA in different tissue homogenate and urine samples. Interestingly, we found that GA and PCA showed a relatively targeted distribution in kidney tissue after dosing 60 mg/kg P. capitatum extract (equivalent to 12 mg/kg of GA and 0.9 mg/kg of PCA). The concentrations of GA and PCA in the kidney tissue reached 1218.62 ng/g and 43.98 ng/g, respectively, at one hour after oral administration. The results helped explain the empirical use of P. capitatum for kidney diseases in folk medicine. Further studies on urinary excretion of P. capitatum extract indicated that GA and PCA followed a concentrated elimination over a 4-h period. The predominant metabolites were putatively identified to be 4-methylgallic acid (4-OMeGA) and 4-methylprotocatechuic acid (4-OMePCA) by analyzing their precursor ions and characteristic fragment ions using tandem mass spectrometry. However, the amount of unchanged GA and PCA that survived the metabolism were about 14.60% and 15.72% of the total intake, respectively, which is reported for the first time in this study.

[Advance in study on hepatoprotective effects and its mechanism of polysaccharides].

Liver damage is the pathologic status in the liver system, which can lead to cirrhosis, fibrosis and cancer of the liver. So to search for effective drugs on prevention and treatment of anti-hepatic lesion have already attracted broad concern in the world. Polysaccharides widely exist in plants, microorganisms and animals, and have high efficiency but low toxicity properties. Therefore, polysaccharides had been the hotspot in the research field of liver-protecting medicines, and had undergone great progresses. In this study, the hepatoprotective effects and its mechanism of polysaccharides were summarized and reviewed, and the market prospects of development and application were prospected. The research result indicated that polysaccharides derived from plants, microorganisms, animals which had significant effects on liver protection. Results also showed that polysaccharides showed the protective effect on chemical liver injury by anti-oxidation, alleviating calcium overload, adjusting the function of mitochondria, and the protective effect on immune liver injury by regulating cytokine secretion, blocking the complement system activity, inhibiting inflammatory mediator expression, suppressing hepatocyte apoptosis. Polysaccharides had rich resource, diverse bio-effects, abundance approaches and multitarget. Therefore, there is huge potential for developing polysaccharides as novel hepatoprotective medicine candidates.

Studies on Chromatographic Fingerprint and Fingerprinting Profile-Efficacy Relationship of Saxifraga stolonifera Meerb.

This work investigated the spectrum-effect relationships between high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints and the anti-benign prostatic hyperplasia activities of aqueous extracts from Saxifraga stolonifera. The fingerprints of S. stolonifera from various sources were established by HPLC and evaluated by similarity analysis (SA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Nine samples were obtained from these 24 batches of different origins, according to the results of SA, HCA and the common chromatographic peaks area. A testosterone-induced mouse model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was used to establish the anti-benign prostatic hyperplasia activities of these nine S. stolonifera samples. The model was evaluated by analyzing prostatic index (PI), serum acid phosphatase (ACP) activity, concentrations of serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT), prostatic acid phosphatase (PACP) and type II 5α-reductase (SRD5A2). The spectrum-effect relationships between HPLC fingerprints and anti-benign prostatic hyperplasia activities were investigated using Grey Correlation Analysis (GRA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR). The results showed that a close correlation existed between the fingerprints and anti-benign prostatic hyperplasia activities, and peak 14 (chlorogenic acid), peak 17 (quercetin 5-O-ß-d-glucopyranoside) and peak 18 (quercetin 3-O-ß-l-rhamno-pyranoside) in the HPLC fingerprints might be the main active components against anti-benign prostatic hyperplasia. This work provides a general model for the study of spectrum-effect relationships of S. stolonifera by combing HPLC fingerprints with a testosterone-induced mouse model of BPH, which can be employed to discover the principle components of anti-benign prostatic hyperplasia bioactivity.

[Study on quality standard of Eucommia ulmoides based on absorbed active components in rat plasma].

The method was established for determination of geniposidic acid, chlorogenic acid, pinoresinoldiglucoside, which are three kinds of constituents of Eucommia ulmoides absorbed into the blood components. LC-MS/MS technique was applied to determine the blood components of the bloodstream after administration of E. ulmoides extract. At the same time, HPLC was used for detection of the ingredients content of the blood sample from 23 batches of E. ulmoides. The results showed that geniposidic acid, chlorogenic acid and pinoresinoldiglucoside are prototype into the blood in rats after oral administration of E. ulmoides extract, The linear range of geniposidic acid, chlorogenic acid and pinoresinoldiglucoside was good, and the average recoveries geniposidic acid, chlorogenic acid and pinoresinoldiglucoside were 98.69%, 100.8% and 98.39%, respectively. The method is simple and feasible with good reproducibility.

[Study on quality standard of Psammosilene tunicoides based on absorbed active components in rat plasma].

A method for determintion of allantion in Psammosilene tunicoides was established by HPLC. Using alcohol as the extraction solvent, the subsequent filtrate of P. tunicoides was analysed by HPLC. Allantoin was successfully detected and separated by ZORBAX NH2 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm,5 microm) at wavelength of 220 nm and column temperature of 40 degrees C, with acetonitrile-water (93: 7) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The results showed that it had a good linear relationship between the concent ration of allantion and chromatographic peak area. The linear correlation coefficient of allantion was 0.999 5 in 0.010 4-0.166 g x L(-1). The relative standard deviation of six parallel injections was less than 2.1%. The average recoveries were ranged from 95.47% to 100.9%. This method was sensitive and accurate for the determination of allantion in P. tunicoides.

Studies on chromatographic fingerprint and fingerprinting profile-efficacy relationship of polygoni perfoliati herba.

Polygoni Perfoliati Herba is widely used in China with antibacterium, anti-inflammatory, expectorant, antitumor, and antivirus activities. To reveal the mechanisms of the activities of Polygoni Perfoliati Herba, the relationship between the fingerprinting profile and its bioactivities was investigated. In the present study, high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) fingerprinting method was developed. The established method was applied to analyze 51 batches of Polygoni Perfoliati Herba samples collected from different locations or in different harvesting times in China. Chemometrics, including similarity analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and principal component analysis, were used to express their similarities. It was found that similarity values of the samples were in the range of 0.432-0.998. The results of analgesic tests indicated that Polygoni Perfoliati Herba could significantly inhibit pain induced by hot plate and acetic acid in mice. The results of anti-inflammatory tests showed that Polygoni Perfoliati Herba had good anti-inflammatory effects (P < 0.01) in two models including dimethyl benzene-induced ear edema and acetic acid-induced peritoneal permeability in mice. Combining the results from chromatographic fingerprints with those from bioactivities, we found that seven peaks from Polygoni Perfoliati Herba were mainly responsible for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.

[HPLC fingerprint of ethyl acetate extraction of Saxifraga stolonifera].

OBJECTIVE: To establish an HPLC fingerprint of ethyl acetate extraction of Saxifraga stolonifera. METHOD: The HPLC analysis was performed on a Diamonsil C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column with isocratic elution of acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was set at 256 nm and the column temperature was set at 30 degrees C. RESULT: The HPLC fingerprint of ethyl acetate extraction of S. stolonifera has been established. There were fifteen common peaks, seven of which were identified by reference substances. The RSD of relative retention time was less than 3% in the precision and repeated tests. Eleven samples from different area can be distinguished from their fingerprints. CONCLUSION: This method is reasonable and reliable and can be used for quality control of S. stolonifera.