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2.
Cell Death Dis ; 13(10): 893, 2022 10 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36273194

RESUMO

Noninflammatory clearance of dying cells by professional phagocytes, termed efferocytosis, is fundamental in both homeostasis and inflammatory fibrosis disease but has not been confirmed to occur in chronic pancreatitis (CP). Here, we investigated whether efferocytosis constitutes a novel regulatory target in CP and its mechanisms. PRSS1 transgenic (PRSS1Tg) mice were treated with caerulein to mimic CP development. Phospholipid metabolite profiling and epigenetic assays were performed with PRSS1Tg CP models. The potential functions of Atp8b1 in CP model were clarified using Atp8b1-overexpressing adeno-associated virus, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and lipid metabolomic approaches. ATAC-seq combined with RNA-seq was then used to identify transcription factors binding to the Atp8b1 promoter, and ChIP-qPCR and luciferase assays were used to confirm that the identified transcription factor bound to the Atp8b1 promoter, and to identify the specific binding site. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the proportion of pancreatic macrophages. Decreased efferocytosis with aggravated inflammation was identified in CP. The lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) pathway was the most obviously dysregulated phospholipid pathway, and LPC and Atp8b1 expression gradually decreased during CP development. H3K27me3 ChIP-seq showed that increased Atp8b1 promoter methylation led to transcriptional inhibition. Atp8b1 complementation substantially increased the LPC concentration and improved CP outcomes. Bhlha15 was identified as a transcription factor that binds to the Atp8b1 promoter and regulates phospholipid metabolism. Our study indicates that the acinar Atp8b1/LPC pathway acts as an important "find-me" signal for macrophages and plays a protective role in CP, with Atp8b1 transcription promoted by the acinar cell-specific transcription factor Bhlha15. Bhlha15, Atp8b1, and LPC could be clinically translated into valuable therapeutic targets to overcome the limitations of current CP therapies.


Assuntos
Adenosina Trifosfatases , Lisofosfatidilcolinas , Macrófagos , Pancreatite Crônica , Animais , Camundongos , Células Acinares/metabolismo , Adenosina Trifosfatases/genética , Adenosina Trifosfatases/metabolismo , Ceruletídeo/toxicidade , Histonas/metabolismo , Inflamação/metabolismo , Lisofosfatidilcolinas/genética , Lisofosfatidilcolinas/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Pancreatite Crônica/induzido quimicamente , Pancreatite Crônica/genética , Pancreatite Crônica/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transferência de Fosfolipídeos/genética , Proteínas de Transferência de Fosfolipídeos/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo
3.
Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ) ; 20(1): 117-136, 2022 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35746925

RESUMO

(Appeared originally in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019; 20:381) Reprinted under Creative Commons CC-BY license.

4.
J Transl Med ; 20(1): 218, 2022 05 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35562743

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis (CP) are limited. In this study, St13, a co-chaperone protein, was investigated whether it constituted a novel regulatory target in CP. Meanwhile, we evaluated the value of micro-PET/CT in the early diagnosis of CP. METHODS: Data from healthy control individuals and patients with alcoholic CP (ACP) or non-ACP (nACP) were analysed. PRSS1 transgenic mice (PRSS1Tg) were treated with ethanol or caerulein to mimic the development of ACP or nACP, respectively. Pancreatic lipid metabolite profiling was performed in human and PRSS1Tg model mice. The potential functions of St13 were investigated by crossing PRSS1Tg mice with St13-/- mice via immunoprecipitation and lipid metabolomics. Micro-PET/CT was performed to evaluate pancreatic morphology and fibrosis in CP model. RESULTS: The arachidonic acid (AA) pathway ranked the most commonly dysregulated lipid pathway in ACP and nACP in human and mice. Knockout of St13 exacerbated fatty replacement and fibrosis in CP model. Sdf2l1 was identified as a binding partner of St13 as it stabilizes the IRE1α-XBP1s signalling pathway, which regulates COX-2, an important component in AA metabolism. Micro-PET/CT with 68Ga-FAPI-04 was useful for evaluating pancreatic morphology and fibrosis in CP model mice 2 weeks after modelling. CONCLUSION: St13 is functionally activated in acinar cells and protects against the cellular characteristics of CP by binding Sdf2l1, regulating AA pathway. 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT may be a very valuable approach for the early diagnosis of CP. These findings thus provide novel insights into both diagnosis and treatment of CP.


Assuntos
Células Acinares , Endorribonucleases , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Células Acinares/metabolismo , Ácido Araquidônico/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Endorribonucleases/metabolismo , Fibrose , Radioisótopos de Gálio , Camundongos Knockout , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases , Tripsina/metabolismo , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/metabolismo
5.
Expert Opin Drug Deliv ; 18(1): 119-138, 2021 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32729733

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Owing to the unique properties of graphene, including large specific surface area, excellent thermal conductivity, and optical absorption, graphene-family nanomaterials (GFNs) have attracted extensive attention in biomedical applications, particularly in drug delivery and phototherapy. AREAS COVERED: In this review, we point out several challenges involved in the clinical application of GFNs. Then, we provide an overview of the most recent publications about GFNs in biomedical applications, including diverse strategies for improving the biocompatibility, specific targeting and stimuli-responsiveness of GFNs for drug delivery, codelivery of drug and gene, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and multimodal combination therapy. EXPERT OPINION: Although the application of GFNs is still in the preclinical stage, rational modification of GFNs with functional elements or making full use of GFNs-based multimodal combination therapy might show great potential in biomedicine for clinical application.


Assuntos
Grafite , Nanoestruturas , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Fototerapia
6.
Cell Death Dis ; 11(11): 966, 2020 11 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33177505

RESUMO

Treatment of acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) remains problematic due to a lack of knowledge about disease-specific regulatory targets and mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to screen proteins related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis pathways that may play a role in pancreatitis. Human pancreatic tissues including AP, CP, and healthy volunteers were collected during surgery. Humanized PRSS1 (protease serine 1) transgenic (PRSS1Tg) mice were constructed and treated with caerulein to mimic the development of human AP and CP. Potential regulatory proteins in pancreatitis were identified by proteomic screen using pancreatic tissues of PRSS1Tg AP mice. Adenoviral shRNA-mediated knockdown of identified proteins, followed by functional assays was performed to validate their roles. Functional analyses included transmission electron microscopy for ultrastructural analysis; qRT-PCR, western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence for assessment of gene or protein expression, and TUNEL assays for assessment of acinar cell apoptosis. Humanized PRSS1Tg mice could mimic the development of human pancreatic inflammatory diseases. EMC6 and APAF1 were identified as potential regulatory molecules in AP and CP models by proteomic analysis. Both EMC6 and APAF1 regulated apoptosis and inflammatory injury in pancreatic inflammatory diseases. Moreover, APAF1 was regulated by EMC6, induced apoptosis to injure acinar cells and promoted inflammation. In the progression of pancreatitis, EMC6 was activated and then upregulated APAF1 to induce acinar cell apoptosis and inflammatory injury. These findings suggest that EMC6 may be a new therapeutic target for the treatment of pancreatic inflammatory diseases.


Assuntos
Fator Apoptótico 1 Ativador de Proteases/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Pancreatite Crônica/metabolismo , Pancreatite Crônica/patologia , Doença Aguda , Animais , Apoptose/fisiologia , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Biologia Molecular/métodos , Pancreatite Crônica/genética , Proteômica/métodos
7.
Theranostics ; 10(18): 8298-8314, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32724472

RESUMO

Background: There is no curative therapy for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) due to poor understanding of its molecular mechanisms. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in SAP and increased expression of ATF6 has been detected in SAP patients. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of ATF6 in a preclinical SAP mouse model and characterize its regulatory mechanism. Methods: Pancreatic tissues of healthy and SAP patients were collected during surgery. Humanized PRSS1 transgenic mice were treated with caerulein to mimic the SAP development, which was crossed to an ATF6 knockout mouse line, and pancreatic tissues from the resulting pups were screened by proteomics. Adenovirus-mediated delivery to the pancreas of SAP mice was used for shRNA-based knockdown or overexpression. The potential functions and mechanisms of ATF6 were clarified by immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, ChIP-qPCR and luciferase reporter assay. Results: Increased expression of ATF6 was associated with elevated apoptosis, ER and mitochondrial disorder in pancreatic tissues from SAP patients and PRSS1 mice. Knockout of ATF6 in SAP mice attenuated acinar injury, apoptosis and ER disorder. AIFM2, known as a p53 target gene, was identified as a downstream regulatory partner of ATF6, whose expression was increased in SAP. Functionally, AIFM2 could reestablish the pathological disorder in SAP tissues in the absence of ATF6. p53 expression was also increased in SAP mice, which was downregulated by ATF6 knockout. p53 knockout significantly suppressed acinar apoptosis and injury in SAP model. Mechanistically, ATF6 promoted AIFM2 transcription by binding to p53 and AIFM2 promoters. Conclusion: These results reveal that ATF6/p53/AIFM2 pathway plays a critical role in acinar apoptosis during SAP progression, highlighting novel therapeutic target molecules for SAP.


Assuntos
Fator 6 Ativador da Transcrição/metabolismo , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/genética , Proteínas Mitocondriais/genética , Pâncreas/patologia , Pancreatite/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Células Acinares/patologia , Fator 6 Ativador da Transcrição/genética , Adulto , Animais , Apoptose/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Ceruletídeo/administração & dosagem , Ceruletídeo/toxicidade , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Estresse do Retículo Endoplasmático , Feminino , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos Knockout , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pâncreas/citologia , Pancreatite/induzido quimicamente , Pancreatite/patologia , Ativação Transcricional , Tripsina/genética
8.
AAPS PharmSciTech ; 21(5): 159, 2020 May 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32476076

RESUMO

Cryptotanshinone (CPT) is an efficacious acne treatment, while niosomal hydrogel is a known effective topical drug delivery system that produces a minimal amount of irritation. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies have the potential to improve the field of personalized acne treatment. Therefore, this study endeavored to develop a 3D-printed niosomal hydrogel (3DP-NH) containing CPT as a topical delivery system for acne therapy. Specifically, CPT-loaded niosomes were prepared using a reverse phase evaporation method, and the formulation was optimized using a response surface methodology. In vitro characterization showed that optimized CPT-loaded niosomes were below 150 nm in size with an entrapment efficiency of between 67 and 71%. The CPT-loaded niosomes were added in a dropwise manner into the hydrogel to formulate CPT-loaded niosomal hydrogel (CPT-NH), which was then printed as 3DP-CPT-NH with specific drug dose, shape, and size using an extrusion-based 3D printer. The in vitro release behavior of 3DP-CPT-NH was found to follow the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Permeation and deposition experiments showed significantly higher rates of transdermal flux, Q24, and CPT deposition (p < 0.05) compared with 3D-printed CPT-loaded conventional hydrogel (3DP-CPT-CH), which did not contain niosomes. In vivo anti-acne activity evaluated through an acne rat model revealed that 3DP-CPT-NH exhibited a greater anti-acne effect with no skin irritation. Enhanced skin hydration, wide inter-corneocyte gaps in the stratum corneum and a disturbed lipid arrangement may contribute towards the enhanced penetration properties of CPT. Collectively, this study demonstrated that 3DP-CPT-NH is a promising topical drug delivery system for personalized acne treatments.


Assuntos
Acne Vulgar/tratamento farmacológico , Hidrogéis/química , Fenantrenos/administração & dosagem , Administração Cutânea , Animais , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Lipossomos/farmacologia , Masculino , Tamanho da Partícula , Fenantrenos/química , Impressão Tridimensional , Ratos , Pele/metabolismo , Absorção Cutânea
9.
Nanoscale ; 12(18): 10026-10034, 2020 May 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32367083

RESUMO

Nanopore-based DNA detection and analysis have been intensively pursued theoretically and experimentally over the past decade. Owing to their nanometer thickness, 2D nanopores, such as boron nitride nanopores, show great potential for achieving DNA detection at base resolution. Although 2D nanopore devices hold great promise for next-generation DNA detection, efficiently and reliably detecting different DNA sequences is still a challenging problem. To date, most of the investigated nanopores adopt circular shapes. Because of the successful fabrication of triangular nanopores, investigating the shape effect of nanopores for DNA detection has become more and more important. In this study, boron nitride nanopores with circular, hexagonal, quadrangular and triangular shapes were modeled at various sizes. The translocation of homogeneous dsDNA through these nanopores was investigated by all-atom molecular dynamic simulations. The ionic conductivity of these nanopores was characterized and formulas for the total resistance based on the pore and access resistance were derived. The ionic current, dwell time and conductance blockade of homogeneous dsDNA were compared for nanopores with different shapes. We demonstrate that the charge distribution at the pore mouth plays an important role in the transportation of ions and DNA molecules. Our findings may shed light on the design of 2D nanopores and can facilitate the development of fast, low-cost and reliable nanopore-based DNA detection.


Assuntos
Compostos de Boro/química , DNA/análise , Eletroforese , Nanoporos , Condutividade Elétrica , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Termodinâmica
10.
Org Biomol Chem ; 17(28): 6753-6756, 2019 07 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31250874

RESUMO

We have developed an iron-catalyzed direct olefination for enaminone synthesis, with saturated ketones as a source of olefins. This direct ketone ß-functionalization reaction has readily available starting materials and a wide range of substrates and requires mild reaction conditions.

11.
Fitoterapia ; 138: 104195, 2019 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31175953

RESUMO

We investigated the transdermal drug permeation enhancement properties and associated mechanisms of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seed volatile oil (SVO). Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we showed that SVO was composed primarily of allylisothiocyanate and isothiocyanatocyclopropane. Compared with azone, SVO had better penetration-enhancing effects on three model drugs (5-Fluorouracil, Osthole, and Paeonol), with each having different oil-water partition coefficients. Histopathology showed that SVO did not induce skin irritation when the concentration was lower than 2% (v/v), and it induced less irritation than azone. According to attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, SVO induced skin lipid structural disorder and increased the distance between the stratum corneum, which is beneficial to the penetration of drugs. Cellular experiments showed that SVO inhibited Ca2+-ATPase activity, increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and changed the membrane potential in HaCaT cells, which promoted drug transfer into the skin. Our findings reveal that SVO is a safe and efficient natural product that has great potential as skin penetration enhancer.


Assuntos
Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Sementes/química , Sinapis/química , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Cutânea , Animais , ATPases Transportadoras de Cálcio/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Humanos , Masculino , Potenciais da Membrana , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Pele/ultraestrutura , Absorção Cutânea , Testes de Toxicidade
12.
Int J Nanomedicine ; 14: 2879-2902, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31118613

RESUMO

Purpose: Lung cancer has a high incidence rate worldwide with a 5-year survival rate of 18%, and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The aim of this study is to augment therapeutic efficacy of quercetin (QR) for lung cancer therapy by targeting transferrin receptors, which are overexpressed and confined to tumor cells. Methods: In this study, T7 surface-functionalized liposomes loaded with QR (T7-QR-lip) having different T7 peptide densities (0.5%, 1% and 2%) were prepared by the film hydration method. T7 surface-functionalized liposomes were characterized and evaluated in terms of in vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake, 3D tumor spheroid penetration and inhibition capabilities, in vivo biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy in mice with orthotopic lung-tumor implantation by fluorescent and bioluminescent imaging via pulmonary administration. Results: In vitro, 2% T7-QR-lip exhibited significantly augmented cytotoxicity (~3-fold), higher apoptosis induction and S-phase cell-cycle arrest. A prominent peak right-shift and enhanced mean fluorescence intensity was observed in A549 cells treated with T7 Coumarin-6 liposomes (T7-Cou6-lip), confirming the target specificity of T7 targeted liposomes; while, after treatment with T7-QR-lip and non-targeted QR-lip, no significant difference was observed in cellular uptake and in vitro cytotoxicity studies in MRC-5 (normal lung fibroblast) cells. T7-Cou6-lip showed higher fluorescence intensity in A549 cells and a significantly deeper penetration depth of 120 µm in the core of the tumor spheroids and T7-QR-lip produced significantly higher tumor-spheroid growth inhibition. The in vivo biodistribution study via pulmonary delivery of T7 1,1'-dioctadecyltetramethyl-indotricarbocyanine iodide liposomes demonstrated liposome accumulation in the lungs and sustained-release behavior up to 96 h. Further, T7-QR-lip significantly enhanced the anticancer activity of QR and lifespan of mice (p<0.01, compared with saline) in orthotopic lung tumor-bearing mice via pulmonary administration. Conclusion: T7 surface-functionalized liposomes provide a potential drug delivery system for a range of anticancer drugs to enhance their therapeutic efficacy by localized (pulmonary) administration and targeted delivery.


Assuntos
Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Pulmão/patologia , Peptídeos/administração & dosagem , Peptídeos/uso terapêutico , Quercetina/uso terapêutico , Receptores da Transferrina/metabolismo , Células A549 , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cumarínicos/química , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Liberação Controlada de Fármacos , Humanos , Lipossomos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Tamanho da Partícula , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Fosfatidiletanolaminas/química , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Quercetina/farmacologia , Esferoides Celulares/efeitos dos fármacos , Esferoides Celulares/metabolismo , Esferoides Celulares/patologia , Distribuição Tecidual/efeitos dos fármacos
13.
Int J Mol Sci ; 20(2)2019 Jan 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30658419

RESUMO

Effective therapy for Alzheimer's disease is a major challenge in the pharmaceutical sciences. There are six FDA approved drugs (e.g., donepezil, memantine) that show some effectiveness; however, they only relieve symptoms. Two factors hamper research. First, the cause of Alzheimer's disease is not fully understood. Second, the blood-brain barrier restricts drug efficacy. This review summarized current knowledge relevant to both of these factors. First, we reviewed the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Next, we reviewed the structural and biological properties of the blood-brain barrier. We then described the most promising drug delivery systems that have been developed in recent years; these include polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, metallic nanoparticles and cyclodextrins. Overall, we aim to provide ideas and clues to design effective drug delivery systems for penetrating the blood-brain barrier to treat Alzheimer's disease.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Barreira Hematoencefálica/efeitos dos fármacos , Barreira Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Alzheimer/etiologia , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Animais , Biomarcadores , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Humanos , Nanopartículas/química , Permeabilidade , Nanomedicina Teranóstica , Transcitose
14.
Phytomedicine ; 54: 182-194, 2019 Feb 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30668368

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Clinical evidence gathered in Chinese communities suggested that acupoint sticking therapy could be an alternative treatment for asthma-related diseases. However, its underlying mechanism is still poorly understood. AIM/HYPOTHESIS: In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of acupoint sticking application with 'Treatment of Winter Disease in Summer' (TWDS) prescription by using metabolomics. METHODS: Allergic asthma in guinea pig was sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin (OVA). Histopathological evaluation of the lung tissue was performed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Masson's trichrome staining. The levels of Th2 cytokine and IgE level in serum were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). The mRNA expression levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and orosomucoid-like 3 (ORMDL3) were measured using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Proteins of NF-κB signaling pathway were measured using western blot. The serum metabolomics profiles were obtained by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS). RESULTS: The overall results confirmed that AST with TWDS prescription had a significant protective effect against OVA-induced allergic asthma in guinea pig. This treatment not only attenuated airway inflammation and collagen deposition in the airway, but also decreased the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IgE in serum. In addition, metabolomics results indicated that metabolisms of phospholipid, sphingolipid, purine, amino acid and level of epinephrine were restored back to the normal control level. Moreover, results of the gene expression of ORMDL3 in lung tissues indicated that AST using TWDS could alter the sphingolipid metabolism. Further western blotting analysis also showed that its anti-inflammatory mechanism was by decreasing the phosphorylation of p65 and IκB. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that metabolomics provides a better understanding of the actions of TWDS acupoint sticking therapy on OVA-induced allergic asthma.


Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura/métodos , Antiasmáticos/farmacologia , Asma/terapia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Hipersensibilidade/terapia , Animais , Asma/metabolismo , Citocinas/sangue , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Cobaias , Hipersensibilidade/metabolismo , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Pulmão/metabolismo , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Metabolômica , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Ovalbumina/efeitos adversos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos
15.
J Exp Clin Cancer Res ; 37(1): 184, 2018 Aug 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30081934

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a natural flavonoid isolated from the root of licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis), has shown various pharmacological properties including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, have been reported as post-transcriptional regulators with altered expression levels in melanoma. This study aims to investigate the anti-melanoma effect of ISL and its potential mechanism. METHODS: We investigated the effect of ISL on the proliferation and apoptosis of melanoma cell lines with functional assays, such as CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometry. The protein level of apoptosis related genes were measured by western blotting. High-throughput genome sequencing was used for screening differentially expressed miRNAs of melanoma cell lines after the treatment of ISL. We performed functional assays to determine the oncogenic role of miR-301b, the most differentially expressed miRNA, and its target gene leucine rich repeats and immunoglobulin like domains 1 (LRIG1), confirmed by bioinformatic analysis, luciferase reporter assay, western blotting and immunohistochemical assay in melanoma. Immunocompromised mouse models were used to determine the role of miR-301b and its target gene in melanoma tumorigenesis in vivo. The relationship between miR-301b and LRIG1 was further verified in GEO data set and tissue specimens. RESULTS: Functional assays indicated that ISL exerted significant growth inhibition and apoptosis induction on melanoma cells. MiR-301b is the most differentially expressed miRNA after the treatment of ISL and significantly downregulated. The suppressive effect of ISL on cell growth is reversed by ectopic expression of miR-301b. Intratumorally administration of miR-301b angomir enhances the inhibitory effect of ISL on tumor growth in vivo. Bioinformatic analysis showed that miR-301b may target LRIG1, miR-301b suppresses the luciferase activity of reporter constructs containing 3'UTR of LRIG1 as well as the expression level of LRIG1. And the anti-cancer effect of ISL is mitigated when LRIG1 is silenced in vivo and in vitro. Analysis of the melanoma samples obtained from patients shows that LRIG1 is negatively correlated with miR-301b. CONCLUSIONS: ISL may inhibit the proliferation of melanoma cells by suppressing miR-301b and inducing its target LRIG1.


Assuntos
Chalconas/farmacologia , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/métodos , Humanos , Melanoma/patologia , Camundongos , Distribuição Aleatória , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
16.
R Soc Open Sci ; 5(5): 180170, 2018 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29892452

RESUMO

A copper-catalysed sulfenylation of indoles with sodium sulfinates that affords 3-sulfenylindoles in good-to-excellent yields in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) is described. In the process, DMF serves not only as a solvent but also as a reductant. This transformation is easy to carry out and has mild reaction conditions and good functional group tolerance.

18.
Pharmacogn Mag ; 14(53): 110-115, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29576710

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Melanin is synthesized by melanocytes, which are located in the basal layer of the skin. After synthesis, melanin is further deposited on the surface of the skin to form black spots or chloasma. Tyrosinase is a rate-limiting enzyme that plays an important role in melanogenesis. Currently, there are many drugs that inhibit tyrosinase expression to further reduce melanogenesis. Nevertheless, some of these could reverse the pharmacological effect of other drugs, when used simultaneously. MATERIALS AND METHODS: B16 mouse melanoma cells were treated with the tyrosinase inhibitors licochalcone A and ß-arbutin, alone or in combination with capsaicin, an alkaloid found in peppers. Cytotoxicity, melanin content, and tyrosinase activity and expression were determined. RESULTS: Licochalcone A/ß-arbutin inhibited tyrosinase expression and further hindered melanin synthesis when applied individually to B16 mouse melanoma cells. However, licochalcone A/ß-arbutin combined with 50 µmol/L capsaicin enhanced the expression of tyrosinase in these cells and further increased melanin content. CONCLUSION: Our data implied that capsaicin could reverse the inhibitory effect of licochalcone A/ß-arbutin on tyrosinase expression in B16 mouse melanoma cells. SUMMARY: B16 mouse melanoma cells were treated with the tyrosinase inhibitors licochalcone A and ß-arbutin, alone or in combination with capsaicin, an alkaloid found in peppers. Cytotoxicity, melanin content, and tyrosinase activity and expression were determined. Licochalcone A/ß-arbutin inhibited tyrosinase expression and further hindered melanin synthesis when applied individually to B16 mouse melanoma cells. However, licochalcone A/ß-arbutin combined with 50 µmol/L capsaicin enhanced the expression of tyrosinase in these cells and further increased melanin content. Our research implied that capsaicin could reverse the inhibitory effect of licochalcone A/ß-arbutin on tyrosinase expression in B16 mouse melanoma cells. Abbreviations used: B16: B16 mouse melanoma cells; L-DOPA: 3, 4-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine; TYR: Tyrosinase; USP: United States Pharmacopeia; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; RPMI: Roswell Park Memorial Institute; MTT3: 4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide, NaOH: Sodium hydroxide; PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline; RIPA: Radio-immunoprecipitation assay; PMSF: Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride or phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; SDS: Sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium salt; PVDF: Polyvinylidene fluoride; ECL: Enhanced chemiluminescence.

19.
Org Biomol Chem ; 15(40): 8504-8507, 2017 Oct 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28975186

RESUMO

A desulfitative arylation of 2-aryloxazole-4-carboxylate with sodium arylsulfinates under an oxygen (O2) atmosphere to afford 2,5-diarylated oxazole-4-carboxylates is described. This transformation provides a novel approach for the utilization of sodium arylsulfinates as the aryl source and O2 as the sole oxidant.

20.
Drug Deliv ; 24(1): 986-998, 2017 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28644728

RESUMO

A main hurdle for the success of tumor-specific liposomes is their inability to penetrate tumors efficiently. In this study, we incorporated a cell-penetrating peptide BR2 onto the surface of a liposome loaded with the anticancer drug cantharidin (CTD) to create a system targeting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells more efficiently and effectively. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay comparing the loaded liposomes' effects on hepatocellular cancer HepG2 and the control Miha cells showed that CTD-loaded liposomes had a stronger anticancer effect after BR2 modification. The cellular uptake results of HepG2 and Miha cells further confirmed the superior ability of BR2-modified liposomes to penetrate cancer cells. The colocalization study revealed that BR2-modified liposomes could enter tumor cells and subsequently release drugs. A higher efficiency of delivery by BR2 liposomes as compared to unmodified liposomes was evident by evaluation of the HepG2 tumor spheroids penetration and inhibition. The biodistribution studies and anticancer efficacy results in vivo showed the significant accumulation of BR2-modified liposomes into tumor sites and an enhanced tumor inhibition. In conclusion, BR2-modified liposomes improve the anticancer potency of drugs for HCC.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Cantaridina , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Peptídeos Penetradores de Células , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Humanos , Lipossomos , Distribuição Tecidual
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