[Identification of ecological functional zoning and its influencing factors in the Sihu Lake Basin, China]. / å››æ¹–æµåŸŸç”Ÿæ€åŠŸèƒ½åˆ†åŒºåŠå ¶å½±å“å› ç´ è¯†åˆ«.

Rational delineation of ecological functional areas and clarification of their driving factors are of significance for maintaining regional ecosystem stability. We assessed six ecosystem services of Sihu Lake Basin located in Jianghan Plain using InVEST and RUSLE models and recreational scoring methods. By using K-means clustering, we identified the ecosystem service bundles, and delineated the ecological functional areas in combination with ecological sensitivity and ecosystem service bundles. The dominant driving factors of different ecological functional areas were analyzed by Geodetector. The results showed that the spatial distributions of habitat quality and carbon sequestration services were similar, with high values being mainly concentrated in Changhu Lake Basin and Honghu Lake Basin. However, the spatial distributions of crop production and soil conservation services were different, with high-value areas concentrated in the northwest area with mountains. The high values of water production service were mainly concentrated in the eastern part of Honghu Lake Basin, while the high-value areas of ecological recreation service were mainly concentrated in the northwest area and the southern part of Honghu Lake Basin. The Sihu Lake Basin could be classified into crop production bundle, habitat quality bundle, and urban living bundle according to cluster analysis. The low ecological sensitivity areas accounted for 59.0% of the Sihu Lake Basin. We classified the study area into ecological restoration areas, ecological conservation areas, ecological transition areas, ecological development areas, and comprehensive use areas by combination of ecological sensitivity and ecosystem service bundles. The geodetector results indicated that the driving factors of each ecological function zone were significantly different. The natural factors significantly influenced the ecological restoration zone, while the normalized vegetation index and population density were the main influencing factors in the ecological conservation zone and the ecological development zone, respectively. Land use type was the main influencing factor in the ecological transition zone and the comprehensive use zone. The results could provide important support for coordinated regional social development and environmental protection.

Photon color conversion enhancement of colloidal quantum dots inserted into a subsurface laterally-extended GaN nano-porous structure in an InGaN/GaN quantum-well template.

To improve the color conversion performance, we study the nanoscale-cavity effects on the emission efficiency of a colloidal quantum dot (QD) and the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from quantum well (QW) into QD in a GaN porous structure (PS). For this study, we insert green-emitting QD (GQD) and red-emitting QD (RQD) into the fabricated PSs in a GaN template and a blue-emitting QW template, and investigate the behaviors of the photoluminescence (PL) decay times and the intensity ratios of blue, green, and red lights. In the PS samples fabricated on the GaN template, we observe the efficiency enhancements of QD emission and the FRET from GQD into RQD, when compared with the samples of surface QDs, which is attributed to the nanoscale-cavity effect. In the PS samples fabricated on the QW template, the FRET from QW into QD is also enhanced. The enhanced FRET and QD emission efficiencies in a PS result in an improved color conversion performance. Because of the anisotropic PS in the sample surface plane, the polarization dependencies of QD emission and FRET are observed.

Nanoscale-cavity enhancement of color conversion with colloidal quantum dots embedded in the surface nano-holes of a blue-emitting light-emitting diode.

Although the method of inserting colloidal quantum dots (QDs) into deep nano-holes fabricated on the top surface of a light-emitting diode (LED) has been widely used for producing effective Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the LED quantum wells (QWs) into the QDs to enhance the color conversion efficiency, an important mechanism for enhancing energy transfer in such an LED structure was overlooked. This mechanism, namely, the nanoscale-cavity effect, represents a near-field Purcell effect and plays a crucially important role in enhancing the color conversion efficiency. Here, we demonstrate the results of LED performance, time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL), and numerical simulation to elucidate the nanoscale-cavity effect on color conversion by inserting a photoresist solution of red-emitting QDs into the nano-holes fabricated on a blue-emitting QW LED. Based on the TRPL study of the inserted QDs in a nano-hole structure fabricated on an un-doped GaN template of no QW, it is found that the emission efficiency of the inserted QDs is significantly increased due to the nanoscale-cavity effect. From the simulation study, it is confirmed that this effect can also increase the FRET efficiency, particularly for those radiating dipoles in the QWs oriented perpendicular to the sidewalls of the nano-holes. In the nanoscale-cavity effect, the enhanced near field distribution inside a nano-hole excited by a light emitter modifies its own radiation behavior through the Purcell effect such that its far-field emission becomes stronger.

Risk factors for delayed intracranial hemorrhage secondary to ventriculoperitoneal shunt: A retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Delayed intracranial hemorrhage (DICH), a potential complication of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts, has been associated with high mortality, but its risk factors are still unclear. AIM: To investigate the risk factors of DICH after VP shunts. METHODS: We compared the demographic and clinical characteristics of DICH and non-DICH adult patients with VP shunts between January 2016 and December 2020. RESULTS: The 159 adult VP shunt patients were divided into 2 groups according to the development of DICH: the DICH group (n = 26) and the non-DICH group (n = 133). No statistically significant difference was found in age, sex, laboratory examination characteristics or preoperative modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score between the DICH and non-DICH groups (P > 0.05); however, a history of an external ventricular drain (EVD) [P = 0.045; odds ratio (OR): 2.814; 95%CI: 1.024-7.730] and postoperative brain edema around the catheter (P < 0.01; OR: 8.397; 95%CI: 3.043-23.171) were associated with a high risk of DICH. A comparison of preoperative mRS scores between the DICH group and the non-DICH group showed no significant difference (P = 0.553), while a significant difference was found in the postoperative mRS scores at the 3-mo follow-up visit (P = 0.024). CONCLUSION: A history of EVD and postoperative brain edema around the catheter are independent risk factors for DICH in VP shunt patients. DICH patients with a high mRS score are vulnerable to poor clinical outcomes.

Enhancement of the Modulation Response of Quantum-Dot-Based Down-Converted Light through Surface Plasmon Coupling.

In this paper, we first elaborate on the effects of surface plasmon (SP) coupling on the modulation responses of the emission of a light-emitting diode (LED) and its down-converted lights through colloidal quantum dots (QDs). The results of our past efforts for this subject are briefly discussed. The discussions lay the foundation for the presentation of the new experimental data of such down-converted lights in this paper. In particular, the enhancement of the modulation bandwidth (MB) of a QD-based converted light through SP coupling is demonstrated. By linking green-emitting QDs (GQDs) and/or red-emitting QDs (RQDs) with synthesized Ag nano-plates via surface modifications and placing them on a blue-emitting LED, the MBs of the converted green and red emissions are significantly increased through the induced SP coupling of the Ag nano-plates. When both GQD and RQD exist and are closely spaced in a sample, the energy transfer processes of emission-reabsorption and Förster resonance energy transfer from GQD into RQD occur, leading to the increase (decrease) in the MB of green (red) light. With SP coupling, the MB of a mixed light is significantly enhanced.

Quantitative analysis of carbaryl and thiabendazole in complex matrices using excitation-emission fluorescence matrices with second-order calibration methods.

In this paper, a fast and efficient analytical strategy was proposed that chemometrics assisted with excitation-emission fluorescence matrices was used to quantify carbaryl (CAR) and thiabendazole (TBZ) in peach, soil and sewage. Even if there are serious overlapped peaks and unknown interferences in fluorescence analysis, the second-order calibration method based on alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) algorithm can be used to analyze CAR and TBZ in peach, soil and sewage. The recoveries of CAR and TBZ in peach are 110.4% and 99.7% and their standard deviations are lower than 2.1% and 0.3%, respectively. In addition, the accuracy of the method was assessed with figures of merit as well as intra-day and inter-day precision. The limit of detection, the limit of quantitation of CAR and TBZ in peach are 1.2 ng mL-1 and 0.3 ng mL-1, 3.5 ng mL-1 and 0.8 ng mL-1, respectively. And their root-mean-square error of prediction are 17.0 ng mL-1 and 5.0 ng mL-1 and there are high sensitivity and selectivity in this method. Meanwhile, the results obtained by ATLD algorithm were compared with those obtained by the self-weighted alternate trilinear decomposition algorithm (SWATLD) and the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) algorithm, and statistical methods such as the t-test, F-test and the elliptic joint confidence region were used to evaluate for analysis. There were no significant differences among these methods. At last, high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD) was used to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method. These results are satisfactory and indicate that the proposed method can be used for accurate and rapid determination of pesticides in complex systems.

Effects of sunlike spectrum LED illumination on retinal blood perfusion in children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the effect of sunlike spectrum LED illumination on retinal blood flow perfusion, and to explore the the correlation between sunlike spectrum LED illumination and eye health indicators in children and adolescents.@*Methods@#A randomized control double blind trial was conducted. The ordinary LED table lamp in the control group(11) and the sunlike spectrum LED table lamp in the experimental group(12) had a fitting degree of 87% and 95% with the daylighting spectrum, respectively. Two sample independent t test and multivariable linear regression model were applied to compare the changes of retinal blood perfusion before and after the trial.@*Results@#After near reading for 1 hour, the retinal capillary density in the superficial and deep layers of the subjects in the ordinary LED illumination group decreased (superficial layer: -3.05±2.04 , P <0.01; deep layer: -4.03± 4.94, P =0.02), no significant decrease was found in the sunlike spectrum LED illumination group (superficial layer: -0.59± 1.44, P =0.18; deep layer: -0.49±4.27, P =0.70). Multivariable regression analysis found that compared with ordinary LED illumination, sunlike spectrum LED illumination could significantly alleviate the decrease in capillary density in the superficial and deep retinal layers, respectively ( β =2.83, 95% CI =1.54-4.12, P <0.01; β =4.21,95% CI =0.58-7.84, P =0.02).@*Conclusion@#Sunlike spectrum LED illumination can alleviate the decrease in retinal blood perfusion caused by near work among children and adolescents, suggesting that it may delay the onset and development of myopia. Prevention and control of myopia needs to pay attention to the spectral power distribution of artificial illumination.

Malignant pheochromocytoma with cerebral and skull metastasis: A case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Malignant pheochromocytoma with cerebral and skull metastasis is a very rare disease. Combining our case with 16 previously reported cases identified from a PubMed search, an analysis of 17 cases of malignant cerebral pheochromocytoma was conducted. This literature review aimed to provide information on clinical manifestations, radiographic and histopathological features, and treatment strategies of this condition. CASE SUMMARY: A 60-year-old man was admitted with a progressive headache and enlarging scalp mass lasting for 3 mo. Radiographic images revealed a left temporal biconvex-shaped epidural mass and multiple lytic lesions. The patient underwent a left temporal craniotomy for resection of the temporal tumor. Histopathological analysis led to identification of the mass as malignant pheochromocytoma. The patient's symptoms were alleviated at the postoperative 3-mo clinical follow-up. However, metastatic pheochromocytoma lesions were found on the right 6th rib and the 6th to 9th thoracic vertebrae on a 1-year clinical follow-up computed tomography scan. CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and histopathological examination are necessary to make an accurate differential diagnosis between malignant cerebral pheochromocytoma and meningioma. Surgery is regarded as the first choice of treatment.

Exploration advantages of data combination and partition: First chemometric analysis of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry data in full scan mode with quadruple fragmentor voltages.

A novel soft strategy for combination and partition of mass spectra data recorded at different fragmentor voltages in full scan mode of a mass spectrometer was developed to generate abundant multi-way data. It is the first time that non-linear four-way and combined three-way LC-MS data have been obtained simultaneously in a single chromatographic run. This strategy ensures that each analyte can be ionized and detected at the most appropriate MS conditions (ionization modes, fragmentor voltages) and avoids a hard chromatographic segmentation in subsequent chemometric analysis. Two different experimental datasets were analyzed to validate the feasibility and applicability of this strategy. Some simple pretreatments were carried out before LC-MS analysis to prevent potential matrix effects. Proper chemometric tools were used to resolve three-way (partitioned data) and enhanced three-way LC-MS (combined data) data, respectively. The method was assessed by comparing the analytical results obtained from the same chemometric algorithm with both combined and partitioned datasets: (1) the combined data provided the best global overall resolution, higher sensitivity and more reliable results, (2) the partitioned data provided higher selectivity for some specific analytes. The results showed that the developed method could be a soft and ingenious tool to handle the unordered but information-rich raw LC-MS data. Moreover, the proposed strategy could take extra analytical advantages in terms of higher sensitivity and more reliable quantitative results when compared with LC-MS (with single fragmentor voltage) strategy and showed nearly the same capability in analytical quality as classic LC-MS/MS method.

Assessment of plantar arch index and prevalence of flat feet in 3 226 school-age children in Shanghai / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To assess plantar arch index (AI) and prevalence of flat feet in school-age children (7-12 years old) in Shanghai and evaluate the relationship between flat feet with age, gender, weight status (BMI) and occurring sides, and to provide a reference for the prevention of flatfeet.@*Methods@#Three-dimensional foot measuring instruments were used to measure bilateral foot length, medial arch height, AI and arch height ratio (AHR) in school-age children in Shanghai. Statistical analysis of these foot parameters was performed.@*Results@#A total of 3 226 children between aged 7 and 12 in Shanghai were measured with AI of (0.27±0.05) and AHR of (3.02±1.89). Prevalence of flat feet in the group of 7 to 12 year old children was 56.1%. Prevalence of flatfeet decreased significantly with age: 72.6% at 7 years old and 37.9% at 12 years old. Boys had a significantly greater risk for flat feet than girls: the prevalence of flat feet was 62.9% for boys and 47.8% for girls (OR=1.81, 95%CI=1.57-2.10). This risk was independent of age but related to gender. The risk of flat feet in boys was always higher than that in girls at every age. For children aged 7-8, being overweight was not significantly related to the occurrence of flat feet. However, for children aged 9-12 who were overweight were more likely to have flat feet than those of normal weight. The OR increased with age: from 1.44 (95%CI=1.03-2.03) at 9 to 2.96 (95%CI=1.68-5.23) at 12. There was no difference on which side flat feet would occur (χ2=0.95，P=0.33).@*Conclusion@#This finding shows that prevalence of flat feet is influenced by age, gender and weight status. AI and prevalence of flat feet in children aged 7-12 decreases with age, and boys have significantly higher prevalence of flat feet than girls. Overweight children aged 9 or older have a higher risk of flat feet.

Target-based metabolomics for fast and sensitive quantification of eight small molecules in human urine using HPLC-DAD and chemometrics tools resolving of highly overlapping peaks.

Chemometrics multivariate calibration coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) analytical strategy was applied for fast and sensitive quantification of the eight small molecules (uric acid, creatinine, tyrosine, homovanillic acid, hippuric acid, indole-3-acetic acid, tryptophan and 2-methylhippuric acid) in human urine. The objective of this work was to get the successful resolution of the complex matrix with minimum experimental time in the presence of highly overlapping peaks, of distortions in the time and baseline aspects among chromatograms, and of the presence of unknown and background interferences. All the analysis were based on a short C18 column with the chromatographic system operating in isocratic mode and all analytes can be successfully quantified within 6 min. The second-order HPLC-DAD data acquired were handled intelligently by two typical chemometrics tools including alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS). Reasonable resolution and satisfactory quantification results were obtained regardless of the complex matrix interferences from the urine samples and the second-order advantage was fully exploited. With the validation by classic HPLC method, the proposed strategy could take extra advantages such as increased selectivity and sensitivity, shorter analysis time, undemanding elution conditions and sufficiency of lower limit of quantification benefit from multivariate calibration. The method was shown as a promising means for fast and sensitive determination of small molecules in human urine and also for fast diagnosis or surveillance in related diseases.

Subdural empyema complicated with intracranial hemorrhage in a postradiotherapy nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient: A case report and review of literature.

The prevalence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is higher in southern China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan than in other areas in the world. Radiotherapy is an important part of treatment for NPC patients, especially those with stage III/IV disease. Subdural empyema is a rare but life-threatening complication in postradiotherapy NPC patients which should be paid more attention. Here, we present the case of a 64-year-old female postradiotherapy NPC patient with subdural empyema complicated with intracranial hemorrhage. She was treated by burr-hole surgery but unfortunately died because of recurrent intracranial hemorrhage. The mechanisms potentially underlying the formation of subdural empyema in postradiotherapy NPC patients and the surgical strategies that can be used in these patients are discussed in this report.

miR-181a involves in the hippocampus-dependent memory formation via targeting PRKAA1.

Post-transcriptional gene regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) is involved in memory formation. However, the roles of individual miRNAs in these processes remain largely unknown. In this study, we want to clarify the role of miR-181a in hippocampus-dependent memory formation. A transient increase in miR-181a expression was observed after conditioned fear conditioning (CFC) and object location task (OLT) training. Selective overexpression or inhibition of miR-181a in the dorsal hippocampus (DH) via the injection of a miR-181a agomir or antagomir enhanced or impaired the CFC- and OLT-dependent memory formation, respectively. Using bioinformatics and luciferase assays, we identified PRKAA1 as a potential target gene of miR-181a. After CFC or OLT training, the expression and activity of PRKAA1 decreased as miR-181a expression increased and was effectively blocked by the miR-181a antagomir. Moreover, microinjection of the PRKAA1 agonist AICAR or inhibitor compound C in the DH reversed the roles of the miR-181a agomir or antagomir in CFC- and OLT-dependent memory formation. In conclusion, this work provides novel evidence describing the role and mechanism of miR-181a in hippocampus-dependent memory formation, which sheds light on the potential regulation of cognition and future treatments for cognitive disorders.

Antimicrobials from Mushrooms for Assuring Food Safety.

The interest in discovering and developing natural antimicrobials has significantly increased due to consumer preferences for foods that are free of chemical preservatives while still microbiologically safe. One of the best sources of natural antimicrobials is certain mushrooms (fungi) as many of them not only have nutraceutical functions but also possess antimicrobial properties. This article reviews the available information on mushroom antimicrobials for food safety control. It includes available resources, extraction procedures, antimicrobial activities, and the status of their applications to food safety. The review indicates that there are great potential benefits to be gained from mushroom antimicrobials in food production, processing, and preservation as a biosolution to meet the increasing demands for food quality and safety.

Association between polymorphisms of BAG-1 and XPD and chemotherapy sensitivity in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with vinorelbine combined cisplatin regimen.

BCL-2 Associated athanogene 1 (BAG-1) and Xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) are involved in the nucleotide excision repair pathway and DNA repair. We aimed to investigate whether polymorphisms in BAG-1 and XPD have effects on chemotherapy sensitivity and survival in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with vinorelbine combined cisplatin (NP) regimen. A total of 142 patients with diagnosed advanced NSCLC were recruited in the current study. NP regimen was applied for all eligible patients. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used for BAG-1 (codon 324) and XPD (codons 312 and 751) genotyping. The treatment response was evaluated according to the RECIST guidelines. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were record as median and end point, respectively. As for BAG-1 codon 324, the chemotherapy sensitivity in NSCLC patients with CT genotype was 0.383 times of those with CC genotype (P < 0.05). With respect to XPD codon 751, the chemotherapy sensitivity in NSCLC patients with Lys/Gln genotype was 0.400 times of those with Lys/Lys genotype (P < 0.05). In addition, NSCLC patients carrying combined C/C genotype at codon 324 in BAG-1, Asp/Asp of XPD codon 312, and Lys/Lys of XPD codon 751 produced a higher efficacy of NP chemotherapy compared to those carrying mutation genotypes (all P < 0.05). Further, there were significant differences in PFS between patients with combined C/C genotype of BAG-1 codon 324, Lys/Lys genotype of XPD codon 751, and Asp/Asp genotype of XPD codon 312 and patients carrying BAG-1 codon 324 C/T genotype, XPD codon751 Lys/Gln genotype, and XPD codon312 Asp/Asn genotype (P < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the combined wild-type of codon 324 XPD, codon 751 XPD, and codon 312 BAG-1 is the protective factor for OS and PFS, and clinical stages is the risk factor for OS and PFS. In conclusion, our research demonstrated the combined effects of BAG-1 and XPD polymorphisms on chemotherapy sensitivity and survival in patients with advanced NSCLC, which might be the important predictive markers for platinum-based chemotherapy efficacy.

Transumbilical single-site laparoscopic orchiopexy for inguinal cryptorchidism in children: report of 33 cases / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility and effect of transumbilical single-site laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of inguinal cryptorchidism in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August to November 2013, 33 children with inguinal cryptorchidism (41 testes) underwent transumbilical single-site laparoscopic orchiopexy. The undescended testes were palpable in the inguen intra-operatively in all the cases, 14 on the right, 11 on the left, and 8 bilaterally.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the operations were performed successfully with neither intraoperative complications nor conversion to operi surgery. Adequate length of spermatic cord was pulled down to allow the testis to descend through the inguinal canal into the scrotum in all the cases. Totally, 39 testes in 31 cases were fixed at the bottom and 2 testes in 2 cases in the middle of the scrotum. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 9 months, which showed normal development of the testes, but no such postoperative complications as testicular retraction and atrophy, indirect hernia, and hydrocele.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Transumbilical single-site laparoscopic orchiopexy is a feasible and effective technique for the treatment of inguinal palpable undescended testis in children, and its cosmetic results were desirable.</p>

Comparisons of efficacy and safety of tolterodine and oxybutynin in children with idiopathic overactive bladder / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the efficacy and safety of tolterodine and oxybutynin in the treatment of idiopathic overactive bladder in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 204 children with idiopathic overactive bladder were randomly divided into three groups (n=68 each): placebo, tolterodine-treated and oxybutynin-treated. The efficacy and safety were evaluated two weeks after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The effective rate was 25% in the placebo group, 89% in the tolterodine-treated group, and 92% in the oxybutynin-treated group. The effective rate in the two treatment groups was significantly higher than that in the placebo group (P<0.05). There was a similar efficacy between the two treatment groups. The incidence of adverse events in the tolterodine-treated group (28%) was significantly lower than that in the oxybutnin-treated group (57%) (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Tolterodine has a similar efficacy to oxybutynin in the treatment of idiopathic overactive bladder in children, with better safety in pharmacotherapy.</p>