Applications of mobile learning on college students' water leisure sports in the post-pandemic era.

This study explored the relationship and influence of college students' participation in water leisure sports, as well as the technology acceptance model (TAM). With the rapid development of the economy, the government is promoting various water leisure sports centered on the concept and policy of a maritime- and ocean-based nation. Based on the TAM, this study investigated the relationships among its ease of use, usefulness, water leisure involvement, benefits, barriers, and intentions to participate in water activities in connection with college students participating in water leisure sports. A total of 420 college students who participated in water leisure activities were sampled. There were 370 valid questionnaires, and the recovery rate of valid questionnaires was 82.2%. The data were analyzed by the structural equation modeling of the partial least squares method (PLS-SEM). The results show that the ease of use of water facilities had a positive effect on the usefulness, involvement, and participation in water activities; the usefulness of water facilities had a positive and significant impact on the intention to participate in water activities; water leisure involvement had a positive and significant impact on the benefits and the intention to participate in water activities; the intention to participate in water activities had a positive and significant impact on the benefits of water leisure activities. Furthermore, the study found that the intention to participate in water activities had a mediating effect between water leisure involvement and water leisure benefits; water leisure involvement had a mediating effect between the ease of use of water facilities and the intention to participate in water activities; the usefulness of water facilities had a mediating effect between the ease of use of water facilities and the intention to participate in water activities. In addition, the interaction between water leisure involvement and water leisure constraints had an interfering effect on water leisure benefits. Accordingly, recommendations for promotion and implementation are provided. Based on the TAM, the study provided suggestions for implementing water leisure sports to promote college students' participation behavior in water leisure sports.

A Multilevel Analysis of Organizational Support on the Relationship between Person-Environment Fit and Performance of University Physical Education Teachers.

Limited research has evaluated the performance of physical education (PE) teachers. This study aimed to use person-environment fit and organizational support to evaluate PE teachers' work performance using multilevel analysis. The relationship between person-environment fit and performance of university physical education teachers (at the person-level) and a cross-level effect on performance of university physical education teachers of perceived organizational support (at the school-level) and a moderator effect of organizational support were examined. A total of 447 PE teachers recruited from 55 universities in Taiwan were invited to participate in this survey, with a return rate of 65.74%. Using hierarchical linear modeling, the study found that person-job fit, person-organization fit, and person-supervisor fit at individual level have positive impacts on the performance of university PE teachers. As for cross-level effect, organizational support has positive impacts on the performance of university physical education teachers. However, organizational support at school level had no significant moderating effects on the relationship between person-environment fit and the performance of university physical education teachers. The implications of the findings for both university PE teachers and administrators and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Cognitive decline and slower reaction time in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment.

AIM: The relationship between declining performance, as measured by changes in reaction time, and declining cognitive function has not been critically studied. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between reaction time during a task and cognitive ability in elderly Taiwanese individuals. METHODS: Patients aged 65 years or older with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 33) and Alzheimer's disease (n = 26) were recruited from the neurology clinic of a regional hospital in southern Taiwan. In addition, 28 healthy controls aged 65 years or older were recruited from the community. The cognitive performance of the study participants was assessed using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI). A computer-administered simple reaction time (SRT) task and a flanker reaction time (FRT) task were administered to assess participants' cognitive function. A non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to compare CASI scores, SRT, and FRT among the three groups. anova was also used to compare CASI scores, inverse-transformed SRT, and inverse-transformed FRT among the three groups, with adjustment for age and years of education. Additionally, Pearson's partial correlation coefficients were used to assess the association of CASI scores with inverse-transformed SRT, and inverse-transformed FRT within each of the three groups. RESULTS: Significant differences in CASI scores, SRT, and FRT were found between the Alzheimer's disease group and the other two groups, either with or without adjustment for age or education. The reaction time of patients with Alzheimer's disease was significantly slower than the other two groups. Moreover, significant correlation between CASI and FRT was found in patients with MCI. CONCLUSION: Altered performance in a speed task was observed in patients with MCI. The FRT task should further be explored for its role as a marker for cognitive decline in elderly individuals, particularly in those with MCI.

The influence of functional fitness and cognitive training of physical disabilities of institutions.

According to an investigation done by Taiwan Ministry of the Interior in 2013, there was more than 90% of the disability care institutions mainly based on life care. Previous studies have shown that individuals can effectively improve physical and cognitive training, improved in independent living and everyday competence. The purpose of the study was to investigate influence of the intervention program applying functional fitness and cognitive training to disabled residents in the institution. The subjects were disabled persons of a care institution in southern Taiwan and were randomly divided into training and control groups, both having 17 subjects. The age of the subjects was between 56 and 98 years with a mean age of 79.08 ± 10.04 years; the subjects of training group implemented 12 weeks of training on physical and cognitive training, while the control group subjects did not have any training program. The results revealed that subjects of the training group have significantly improved their functional shoulder rotation flexibility of left and right anterior hip muscle group flexibility of right, sitting functional balance of left and right, naming, attention, delayed recall, orientation, and Montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA). The study suggested developing physical fitness programs and physical and cognitive prescriptions for the disabled people of the institutions.