RESUMO
Objective: To investigate relationships between serum growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and glycolipid metabolism in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Methods: The current investigation was a cross-sectional study. A total of 333 patients from the Fengxian District Central Hospital were recruited into the study after physical examination from February 2020 to February 2021. There were 107 patients with MAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), including 54 males and 53 females with a mean age of (57±11) years. There were 65 patients with simple MAFLD only, including 32 men and 33 women with a mean age of (49±5) years. There were 105 patients with T2DM only, including 53 men and 52 women, with a mean age of (56±10) years. A control group of 56 people without MAFLD or diabetes,28 male, 28 female, mean age (48±6) years, was also included in the study. Serum GDF15 was measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. IBM SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis. Logistic regression was used to evaluate relationships between GDF15 and metabolic abnormalities in MAFLD patients. Results: GDF15 progressively increased in the control [385 (296, 484) ng/L], nonobese MAFLD [388 (319, 435) ng/L], obese MAFLD [426 (354, 527) ng/L], T2DM [664 (483, 900) ng/L], and MAFLD+T2DM groups [770 (560, 1 074) ng/L](H=113.82, P=0.001). There was no significant difference in serum GDF15 between the simple MAFLD [406 (339, 524) ng/L] and control group (U=1 505.50, P=0.132). GDF15 was significantly higher in the MAFLD+T2DM group than in the T2DM-only group (U=4 573.50, P=0.019). In logistic regression analysis increased GDF15 was associated with increased risks of simple MAFLD [odds ratio (OR)=2.202], T2DM (OR=29.656), and MAFLD+T2DM(OR=58.197). In patients with MAFLD, serum GDF15 was higher in the FIB4 index>1.45 group [773 (534, 1 162) ng/L] than in the FIB4 index<1.45 group [527 (389, 787) ng/L] (U=1 709.50, P<0.001). Increased GDF15 was associated with an increased risk of advanced liver fibrosis (OR=2.388). Conclusion: In patients with simple MAFLD, GDF15 level was not significantly higher than in the control group. In the T2DM-only group and the MAFLD+T2DM group GDF15 was significantly higher than in the control group. Increased serum GDF15 was associated with increased risk and severity of MAFLD complicated with abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. High GDF15 increased the risk of advanced fibrosis in MAFLD patients.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Doenças Metabólicas , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto , Fator 15 de Diferenciação de Crescimento , Estudos Transversais , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , GlicolipídeosRESUMO
The cheek line (face reading) is an aesthetic element of the facial profile. The purpose of our study was to investigate the changes in the cheek line after mandibular setback surgery. Forty patients (20 female and 20 male, mean (SD) age 22 (5) years) were diagnosed with mandibular prognathism and treated by intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy alone. Cephalograms were obtained before operation (T1), at least a year postoperatively (T2), and final surgical changes over a year (T2-T1). The cheek line and landmarks (soft and hard tissues) were compared using the paired t test. The hypothesis was that the cheek line did not change significantly after mandibular setback. At the time of the final follow-up (T2-T1), the mean (SD) horizontal setback of pogonion (Pog) was 12.3 (3.5) mm for women and 11.7 (4.3) mm for men. The ratios of soft:hard tissue, labrale inferius:incisor inferius, labiomental sulcus:point B, soft tissue Pog:Pog, and cheek point:Pog in women were 0.96, 0.98, 0.98, and 0.08, and in men 0.91, 1.01, 0.94, and 0.13, respectively. The nasolabial and cervicomental angles in women were significantly increased by 11.1° and 11.4°, respectively, and in men the nasolabial angle was significantly increased by 11.1° and the mentolabial angle reduced by 9.9°. The cheek line (T2-T1) was moved significantly forwards. The hypothesis was therefore rejected. In conclusion, the cheek line was advanced significantly after isolated mandibular setback.
Assuntos
Bochecha/anatomia & histologia , Estética Dentária , Má Oclusão Classe III de Angle/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ortognáticos , Adolescente , Adulto , Face/anatomia & histologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Fracture liaison services (FLS) have been demonstrated to improve outcomes following osteoporotic fracture. The aim of this systematic literature review (SLR) was to determine the characteristics of an FLS that lead to improved patient outcomes. We conducted a SLR, including articles published between 2000 and February 2017, using global (Medline, EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane Library) and local databases. Studies including patients aged ≥ 50 years with osteoporotic fractures enrolled in an FLS were assessed. Information extracted from each article included key person coordinating the FLS (physician, nurse or other healthcare professional), setting (hospital vs community), intensity (single vs multiple), duration (long vs short term), fracture type and gender. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials was conducted based on the key person coordinating the FLS. Out of 7236 articles, 57 were considered to be high quality and identified for further analysis. The SLR identified several components which contributed to FLS success, including multidisciplinary involvement, driven by a dedicated case manager, regular assessment and follow-up, multifaceted interventions and patient education. Meta-analytic data confirm the effectiveness of an FLS following an osteoporotic fracture: approximate 27% increase in the likelihood of BMD testing and up to 21% increase in the likelihood of treatment initiation compared with usual care. The balance of evidence indicates that the multifaceted FLS and dedicated coordination are important success factors that contribute to effective FLS interventions which reduce fracture-related morbidity and mortality.
Assuntos
Prestação Integrada de Cuidados de Saúde/organização & administração , Fraturas por Osteoporose/prevenção & controle , Prevenção Secundária/organização & administração , Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Osteoporose/diagnóstico , Osteoporose/tratamento farmacológico , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à SaúdeRESUMO
Ubiquitin is a critical modifier regulating the degradation and function of its target proteins during posttranslational modification. Here we found that ubiquitin-specific peptidase 24 (USP24) is highly expressed in cell lines with enhanced malignancy and in late-stage lung cancer clinical samples. Studying single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of USP24 using genomic DNA of lung cancer patients revealed an increase in SNP 7656C/T. When using RNA specimens instead of the genomic DNA of lung cancer patients, we found significant increases in the ratios of variants 930C/T and 7656T/C, suggesting that variants at these two sites are not only caused by the SNP of DNA but also by the RNA editing. USP24-930T and USP24-7656C increase USP24 expression levels by increasing RNA stability. Knocking down USP24 increased Suv39h1 level through a decrease in mouse double-minute 2 homolog levels, thus enhancing lysine-9 methylation of histone H3, and resulting in the prevention of lung cancer malignancy. In conclusion, as USP24 variant analysis revealed a higher ratio of variants in blood specimens of lung cancer patients than that in normal individuals, USP24-930T and USP24-7656C might be useful as diagnostic markers for cancer detection.
Assuntos
Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Ubiquitina Tiolesterase/genética , Células A549 , Animais , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Western Blotting , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Genótipo , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Neoplasias Pulmonares/sangue , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Masculino , Metiltransferases/genética , Metiltransferases/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-mdm2/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-mdm2/metabolismo , Interferência de RNA , Estabilidade de RNA/genética , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Análise de Sobrevida , Transplante Heterólogo , Ubiquitina Tiolesterase/metabolismoRESUMO
AIM: To investigate the in vivo metabolic effects of treatment with BPR0912, a novel and potent peripheral cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) antagonist, on both normal mice and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. METHODS: The acute peripheral effects of BPR0912 administration on gastrointestinal transit and energy metabolism in normal mice were investigated. The effects of chronic BPR0912 treatment were compared with those of rimonabant using DIO mice. Alterations to body weight and biochemical and metabolic variables were determined. RESULTS: Acute treatment with BPR0912 did not alter food intake or energy metabolism, but efficiently reversed CB1R-mediated gastrointestinal delay. Chronic treatment of DIO mice with BPR0912 showed that BPR0912 exerts a food intake-independent mechanism, which contributes to weight loss. Genes involved in ß-oxidation and thermogenesis were upregulated in white adipose tissue (WAT) in addition to increased lipolytic activity, whereas Ucp1 expression was induced in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and body temperature was elevated. Expression of the ß2-adrenoceptor was specifically elevated in both WAT and BAT in a manner dependent on the BPR0912 dose. Lastly, chronic BPR0912 treatment was more efficacious than rimonabant in reducing hepatic triglycerides in DIO mice. CONCLUSION: BPR0912 exhibits significant in vivo efficacy in inducing food intake-independent weight loss in DIO mice, while tending to reduce their hepatic steatosis. The thermogenic effects of BPR0912, as well as its modulation of protein and gene expression patterns in WAT and BAT, may enhance its efficacy as an anti-obesity agent. The results of the present study support the benefits of the use of peripheral CB1R antagonists to combat metabolic disorders.
Assuntos
Fármacos Antiobesidade/farmacologia , Antagonistas de Receptores de Canabinoides/farmacologia , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Receptor CB1 de Canabinoide/antagonistas & inibidores , Termogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Tiofenos/farmacologia , Redução de Peso/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Adiposo Marrom/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Adiposo Marrom/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo Branco/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Adiposo Branco/metabolismo , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado Gorduroso/tratamento farmacológico , Fígado Gorduroso/etiologia , Canais Iônicos/genética , Lipólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteínas Mitocondriais/genética , Obesidade/complicações , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Rimonabanto , Proteína Desacopladora 1RESUMO
BTG3 (B-cell translocation gene 3) is a p53 target that also binds and inhibits E2F1. Although it connects two major growth-regulatory pathways functionally and is downregulated in human cancers, whether and how BTG3 acts as a tumor suppressor remain largely uncharacterized. Here we present evidence that BTG3 binds and suppresses AKT, a kinase frequently deregulated in cancers. BTG3 ablation results in increased AKT activity that phosphorylates and inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3ß. Consequently, we also observed elevated ß-catenin/T-cell factor activity, upregulation of mesenchymal markers, and enhanced cell migration. Consistent with these findings, BTG3 overexpression suppressed tumor growth in mouse xenografts, and was associated with diminished AKT phosphorylation and reduced ß-catenin in tissue specimens. Significantly, a short BTG3-derived peptide was identified, which recapitulates these effects in vitro and in cells. Thus, our study provides mechanistic insights into a previously unreported AKT inhibitory pathway downstream of p53. The identification of an AKT inhibitory peptide also unveils a new avenue for cancer therapeutics development.
Assuntos
Progressão da Doença , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patologia , Proteínas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/antagonistas & inibidores , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Membrana Celular/enzimologia , Proliferação de Células , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Quinase 3 da Glicogênio Sintase/metabolismo , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Peptídeos/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Ligação Proteica , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas/química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Piruvato Desidrogenase Quinase de Transferência de Acetil , Transdução de Sinais , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , beta Catenina/metabolismoRESUMO
No information is available on segregation analysis of DNA markers involving both pollen and self-progeny. Therefore, we used capillary electrophoresis- and fluorescence-based DNA fingerprinting together with single pollen collection and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to investigate simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker segregation among 964 single pollens and 288 self-progenies (S1) of sugarcane cultivar LCP 85-384. Twenty SSR DNA fragments (alleles) were amplified by five polymorphic SSR markers. Only one non-parental SSR allele was observed in 2392 PCRs. SSR allele inheritance was in accordance with Mendelian laws of segregation and independent assortment. Highly significant correlation coefficients were found between frequencies of observed and expected genotypes in pollen and S1 populations. Within the S1 population, the most frequent genotype of each SSR marker was the parental genotype of the same marker. The number of genotypes was higher in pollen than S1 population. PIC values of the five SSR markers were greater in pollen than S1 populations. Eleven of 20 SSR alleles (55%) were segregated in accordance with Mendelian segregation ratios expected from pollen and S1 populations of a 2n = 10x polyploid. Six of 20 SSR alleles were segregated in a 3:1 (presence:absence) ratio and were simplex markers. Four and one alleles were segregated in 77:4 and 143:1 ratios and considered duplex and triplex markers, respectively. Segregation ratios of remaining alleles were unexplainable. The results provide information about selection of crossing parents, estimation of seedling population optimal size, and promotion of efficient selection, which may be valuable for sugarcane breeders.
Assuntos
Segregação de Cromossomos , Repetições de Microssatélites , Poliploidia , Saccharum/genética , Alelos , Genótipo , Pólen/genéticaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the anterior Kugel herniorrhaphy approach when the onlay patch is omitted. METHODS: The study population comprised patients who underwent anterior Kugel herniorrhaphy without the onlay patch from 1 May 2009, to 31 June 2012. The onlay patch was omitted if the posterior wall defect did not exceed the inner Posiflex(®) ring diameter. After reviewing the clinical follow-up records and conducting telephone interviews, the postoperative results were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 163 patients underwent 175 hernia repairs. One patient developed recurrence after undergoing our herniorrhaphy method. The most common postoperative complaints were mild soreness, indescribable discomfort, and foreign body sensations (11 patients). The mean operative time and hospital stay were 67 min and 2 days, respectively. More serious complications included one scrotal hematoma, one hydrocele, and one wound infection that resulted in epididymitis. CONCLUSIONS: The onlay patch can be omitted with low recurrence and complication rates if the posterior wall defects do not exceed the inner Posiflex(®) ring diameter.
Assuntos
Hérnia Inguinal/cirurgia , Telas Cirúrgicas , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Herniorrafia , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This study assessed the oral health disparities and oral health care needs of children whose parents are Southeast Asian immigrant women in arranged transnational marriages. We used the baseline data of the Lay Health Advisor Approach to Promote Oral Health Program (LHA-POHP) to explore the disparities in oral health between immigrant and native children, and the factors associated with their oral health. A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted to collect data from mothers and their preschool children in Southern Taiwan in 2011. A total of 590 (440 natives, 150 immigrants) children aged 4-6 years and their mothers completed the questionnaire and oral examination. Multiple regression models were used to analyze the association between children's oral health and their related factors. The caries index was 6.05 in immigrant children and 3.88 in native children (p < 0.001). The caries prevalence of maxillary anterior teeth in the labial surfaces was higher among immigrants, ranging from 14.7 to 22%. The factor associated with children's caries index was maternal tooth brushing frequency (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 8.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.95-41.05). When the mothers did not direct children to brush teeth after eating sweets, their children were more likely to have decayed teeth (aOR = 3.54, 95% CI 1.04-12.03). Children's filled teeth were related to their dental regular check-ups (aOR = 2.28, 95% CI 1.26-4.10). Disparities in oral health among immigrant and native children were observed. The findings suggest that culturally adequate oral health promotion intervention programs should be implemented for immigrants.
Assuntos
Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Saúde Bucal , Adulto , Sudeste Asiático/epidemiologia , Sudeste Asiático/etnologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Índice CPO , Assistência Odontológica/estatística & dados numéricos , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Restauração Dentária Permanente/estatística & dados numéricos , Sacarose Alimentar/administração & dosagem , Escolaridade , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Humanos , Renda/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Casamento , Relações Mãe-Filho , Mães/educação , Ocupações , Prevalência , Taiwan/epidemiologia , Escovação Dentária/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
The interaction between excitatory and inhibitory inputs is critical to neuronal signal processing. However, little is known about this fundamental property, largely due to the inability to clearly isolate the respective inputs. Here we took advantage of the characteristic stereotypical architecture of synaptic connections in the main olfactory bulb, which enabled us to entirely separate excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Using paired stimulation of two glomeruli located apart at different intensities, we separately elicited excitatory and inhibitory inputs and mimicked stimulation of competing mitral cells (MCs) with different odorants. We performed dual whole-cell patch recording of evoked excitatory postsynaptic responses (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic responses (IPSPs) in current-clamp mode from two competitive MCs that are connected to the two stimulated glomeruli in slices of the main olfactory bulb in 2-3-week-old rats. We deliberately held the recorded cells at a relative hyperpolarized potential. This manipulation not only suppressed action potential generation but also excluded the possible contamination of inhibitory components in excitatory inputs. We found that in weakly activated MCs repetitive EPSP-IPSP interactions (5 Hz, 180 times) induced long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in convergent excitatory and inhibitory inputs, respectively. Unexpectedly, these forms of plasticity depend on activity of somatic (mainly non-synaptic) NMDA receptors (NMDARs). In contrast, the same repetitive stimulation induced the LTP of excitatory inputs in strongly activated MCs (MC2) that require activity of synaptic NMDARs. These distinct forms of plasticity in the developing olfactory circuit may represent a novel rule of modification in convergent inputs that leads to decorrelation of inputs and facilitates odor discrimination.
Assuntos
Potenciais Pós-Sinápticos Excitadores/fisiologia , Potenciais Pós-Sinápticos Inibidores/fisiologia , Plasticidade Neuronal/fisiologia , Neurônios/fisiologia , Bulbo Olfatório/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bulbo Olfatório/fisiologia , Animais , Feminino , Potenciação de Longa Duração/fisiologia , Depressão Sináptica de Longo Prazo/fisiologia , Potenciais da Membrana/fisiologia , Odorantes , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Estimulação Física , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/metabolismo , Técnicas de Cultura de TecidosRESUMO
Due to the peculiar nature of the atomic order in quasicrystals, examining phase transitions in this class of materials is of particular interest. Energetic particle irradiation can provide a way to modify the structure locally in a quasicrystal. To examine irradiation-induced phase transitions in quasicrystals on the atomic scale, we have carried out molecular dynamics simulations of collision cascades in CaCd6 quasicrystal cubic approximant with energies up to 10 keV at 0 and 300 K. The results show that the threshold energies depend surprisingly strongly on the local coordination environments. The energy dependence of stable defect formation exhibits a power-law dependence on cascade energy, and surviving defects are dominated by Cd interstitials and vacancies. Only a modest effect of temperature is observed on defect survival, while irradiation temperature increases lead to a slight increase in the average size of both vacancy clusters and interstitial clusters.
RESUMO
UNLABELLED: In patients with severe knee osteoarthritis (OA), total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is performed for both symptom relief and to achieve better function in daily life. Implementation of efficient TKA rehabilitation programs with shorter length of stay (LOS) and reduced medical expenditures is an important issue in clinical practice. However, the effectiveness of preoperative rehabilitation programs is still under debate. Most preoperative rehabilitation programs last many weeks and may be more expensive than TKA. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a simplified, easy-to-learn, and less time-consuming preoperative rehabilitation education program on TKA patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this randomized controlled study, we allocated all the patients into study and control group according to chart number. The study group, which comprised 126 patients, participated in a 40-min preoperative home rehabilitation education program 4 weeks prior to TKA. One hundred seventeen patients in the control group did not participate in this preoperative program. RESULTS: The study group required a shorter hospital LOS (mean: 7.12 days; P=0.027) and had less hospitalization-related medical expenditures (mean: 123726 New Taiwan dollars [NTD], equivalent to 4266.4 United States dollars [USD] or 3022.1 [Euros]), (P=0.001) than the control group. However, the study group showed no significant improvement in function when compared to the control group. DISCUSSION: Our study demonstrates that a simplified preoperative rehabilitation program can reduce LOS and increase cost savings. This program was recommended as a routine protocol for OA patients before admission for TKA.
Assuntos
Artroplastia do Joelho/reabilitação , Tempo de Internação/tendências , Osteoartrite do Joelho/cirurgia , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Idoso , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Dor Pós-Operatória/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Taiwan/epidemiologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is activated by cigarette smoke. Previously, we demonstrated that AhR is overexpressed in lung adenocarcinomas (ADs). In this study we observed that AhR expression is significantly correlated with nuclear RelA (a nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) subunit) and cytosolic interleukin-6 (IL-6) in 200 non-small cell lung cancer patients, especially among never smokers. Overexpression of AhR increased IL-6 expression in H1355 cells and immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B. As NFκB inhibitor and knockdown RelA expression greatly reduced constitutive AhR-induced IL-6 expression, we hypothesized that AhR expression, in the absence of exogenous ligand, is able to modulate NFκB activity and subsequently upregulate IL-6 expression, thus promoting the development of lung AD. Specifically, AhR overexpression significantly increased NFκB activity, whereas interference with AhR expression significantly reduced NFκB activity and IL-6 expression in H1355 cells. We demonstrated that AhR associates with RelA in the cytosol and nucleus of human lung cells. Furthermore, AhR overexpression enhanced nuclear localization of AhR and RelA, and increased the association of AhR-RelA with the NFκB response element of the IL-6 promoter. However, p50 was not involved. Our results indicate that AhR, without exposure to a ligand, associates with RelA, which then positively modulates NFκB activity and then upregulates IL-6 expression in human lung cells. Thus we have identified a new mechanism for lung tumorigenesis in non-smokers.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Interleucina-6/biossíntese , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Receptores de Hidrocarboneto Arílico/biossíntese , Fator de Transcrição RelA/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adenocarcinoma/fisiopatologia , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/fisiopatologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Interleucina-6/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Fumar , Fator de Transcrição RelA/genética , Ativação TranscricionalRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the effects of eight metals on the anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) in bioreactors. Anaerobic bioreactors containing 200 mL MSW mixed completely with 200 m L sludge seeding. Ca and K (0, 1000, 2000 and 6,000 mg L(-1)) and Cr, Ni, Zn, Co, Mo and W (0, 5, 50 and 100 mg L(-1)) of various dose were added to anaerobic bioreactors to examine their anaerobic digestion performance. Results showed that except K and Zn, Ca (~728 to ~1,461 mg L(-1)), Cr (~0.0022 to ~0.0212 mg L(-1)), Ni (~0.801 to ~5.362 mg L(-1)), Co (~0.148 to ~0.580 mg L(-1)), Mo (~0.044 to ~52.94 mg L(-1)) and W (~0.658 to ~40.39 mg L(-1)) had the potential to enhance the biogas production. On the other hand, except Mo and W, inhibitory concentrations IC(50) of Ca, K, Cr, Ni, Zn and Co were found to be ~3252, ~2097, ~0.124, ~7.239, ~0.482, ~8.625 mg L(-1), respectively. Eight spiked metals showed that they were adsorbed by MSW to a different extent resulting in different liquid metals levels and potential stimulation and inhibition on MSW anaerobic digestion. These results were discussed and compared to results from literature.
Assuntos
Metais/metabolismo , Eliminação de Resíduos/métodos , Adsorção , Anaerobiose , Biocombustíveis , Reatores Biológicos , Metais/química , Metais Pesados/metabolismo , EsgotosAssuntos
Embolização Terapêutica/efeitos adversos , Embucrilato/efeitos adversos , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/patologia , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/terapia , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/terapia , Gastropatias/terapia , Idoso , Esôfago/irrigação sanguínea , Esôfago/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ruptura Espontânea/patologiaRESUMO
Monodispersed FePt nanoparticles with hydrophobic ligand were chemically synthesized and with controllable surface-functional properties. In order to enhance the saturation magnetization of FePt nanoparticles, the initial mole ratio of Fe to Pt precursors and reaction times were controlled to effectively increase magnetization due to the increased particle size and formation of FePt-Fe3O4 nanocomposites. The surface modification of FePt nanoparticles by using mercaptoacetic acid (C2H4O2S) as a phase transfer reagent through ligand exchange turned the nanoparticles hydrophilic, and the nanoparticles could water-dispersible. The streptavidin-biotin binding pair was used to conjugate with carboxylic acid (COOH) functional group on the surface of FePt nanoparticles that could be further functionalized to provide a biotin moiety for specific interactions with streptavidin protein.
Assuntos
Cristalização/métodos , Ferro/química , Magnetismo , Nanoestruturas/química , Nanoestruturas/ultraestrutura , Platina/química , Estreptavidina/química , Substâncias Macromoleculares/química , Teste de Materiais , Conformação Molecular , Tamanho da Partícula , Ligação Proteica , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
By means of time-resolved photoluminescence and photothermal techniques, after-effects from excited-state dynamics, energy migration, and conformational rearrangement of poly(9,9-di-n-octyl-2,7-fluorene) (PFO) and its homologues has been examined and interpreted with rotational potential maps from quantum mechanical calculations. Steady-state photoluminescence spectral changes and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements of oligofluorenes and PFO diluted in toluene suggest excited state ring torsion occurring within 30 ps of photoexitation. With all effects from internal conversion/intersystem crossing processes properly accounted for, we show that the conformational changes associated with this twisting motion can be quantitatively probed by means of photothermal methods. Results suggest mean torsion between neighboring fluorene units by ca. 40 degrees upon excitation, in agreement with the shift of rotational potential minimum from +/-40 degrees (and +/-140 degrees) in the ground state to +/-20 degrees (and +/-160 degrees) in the first excited singlet state according to results of quantum mechanical calculations.
Assuntos
Fluorenos/química , Absorção , Luminescência , Conformação Molecular , Fótons , Rotação , Espectrometria de Fluorescência , TemperaturaRESUMO
Br(2) molecular elimination is probed in the photodissociation of 1,1- and 1,2-C(2)H(4)Br(2) isomeric forms at 248 nm by using cavity ring-down absorption spectroscopy. Their photodissociation processes differ markedly from each other. The quantum yield of the Br(2) fragment in 1,2-dibromoethane is 0.36+/-0.18, in contrast to a value of 0.05+/-0.03 in 1,1-dibromoethane. The vibrational population ratios of Br(2)(v=1)/Br(2)(v=0) are 0.8+/-0.1 and 0.5+/-0.2 for 1,2- and 1,1-dibromoethanes, respectively. The Br(2) yield densities are found to increase by a factor of 35% and 190% for 1,2- and 1,1-dibromoethanes within the same temperature increment. In the ab initio potential energy calculations, the transition state (TS) along the adiabatic ground state surface may correlate to the Br(2) products. The TS energy for 1,2-dibromoethane is well below the excitation energy at 483 kJ/mol, whereas that for 1,1-dibromoethane is slightly above. Such a small TS energy barrier impedes the photodissociation of the ground state 1,1-dibromoethane such that the production yield of Br(2) may become relatively low, but rise rapidly with the temperature. The TS structure shows a larger bond distance of Br-Br in 1,2-dibromoethane than that in 1,1-dibromoethane. That explains why the former isomer may result in hotter vibrational population of the Br(2) fragments.