Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 1.258
Filtrar
1.
J Wildl Dis ; 2024 Jul 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39013547

RESUMO

Chronic phalaris toxicity (CPT) is a neurological disease caused by animals ingesting toxins produced by early growth stages of Phalaris aquatica, a pasture plant introduced to the southeastern regions of Australia postcolonization. Little is known about the clinical progression of CPT in wildlife, as incidents are sporadic and predominantly reported when animals are in the end stages of disease and in a poor welfare state. We studied a cohort of 35 eastern gray kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) affected by CPT to clarify clinical prognosis and survival rates. Kangaroos were captured in May, June, and July of 2022 at Plenty Gorge Parklands, Victoria, Australia. Each animal was radiotracked for 180 d, clinical progression and disease outcomes monitored twice a week. By the conclusion of the study, 24 animals had died (19 by euthanasia due to deterioration, five found dead). Ten animals survived, with two demonstrating a reduction in clinical signs and eight showing full resolution of clinical signs. One animal was disqualified from the study. The overall survival rate was 29.4% (95% confidence interval 17.5-49.5%). The survival duration of animals that died ranged from 5 to 133 d. There was no difference in survival rate based on sex (P=0.2), age class (P=0.49) or the month of capture (P=0.49). These results suggest that CPT is an important health and welfare concern for at-risk macropod populations, with high case-fatality rates and prolonged clinical durations. Further research to manage the disease via methods such as reducing Phalaris aquatica plant coverage and preventative treatments for animals is warranted to reduce disease incidences and improve disease outcomes in wildlife populations.

2.
Nat Commun ; 15(1): 6057, 2024 Jul 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39025843

RESUMO

Although molecular vibronic spectra generation is pivotal for chemical analysis, tackling such exponentially complex tasks on classical computers remains inefficient. Quantum simulation, though theoretically promising, faces technological challenges in experimentally extracting vibronic spectra for molecules with multiple modes. Here, we propose a nontrivial algorithm to generate the vibronic spectra using states with zero displacements (squeezed vacuum states) coupled to a linear optical network, offering ease of experimental implementation. We also fabricate an integrated quantum photonic microprocessor chip as a versatile simulation platform containing 16 modes of single-mode squeezed vacuum states and a fully programmable interferometer network. Molecular vibronic spectra of formic acid and thymine under the Condon approximation are simulated using the quantum microprocessor chip with high reconstructed fidelity ( > 92%). Furthermore, vibronic spectra of naphthalene, phenanthrene, and benzene under the non-Condon approximation are also experimentally simulated. Such demonstrations could pave the way for solving complicated quantum chemistry problems involving vibronic spectra and computational tasks beyond the reach of classical computers.

3.
World J Oncol ; 15(4): 675-681, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38993259

RESUMO

Background: While timely assessment of long-term survival for patients with bone cancer is essential for evaluation on early detection and prognosis level of treatment of bone cancer, those data are extremely scarce in China. We aimed to timely and accurately assess long-term survival for patients with bone cancer in Eastern China. Methods: Patients diagnosed with bone cancer during 2004 - 2018 from four cancer registries with high-quality data from Taizhou, Eastern China were included. Five-year relative survival (RS) of bone cancer patients was calculated by period analysis for overall and the stratification. We further predicted 5-year RS during upcoming 2019 - 2023 using a model-based period analysis and survival data during 2004 - 2018. Results: Overall, 5-year RS for patients with bone cancer during 2014 - 2018 reached 46.6%, being 40.8% for male and 51.0% for female. Five-year RS declined along with aging, decreasing from 58.9% for age < 45 years to 41.5% for age > 60 years, while 5-year RS for urban area was higher compared to rural area (59.1% vs. 44.3%). The 5-year RS during upcoming 2019 - 2023 reached 48.3%. We found a clear upward trend in 5-year RS during 2004 - 2023 for overall and the stratification by sex, age at diagnosis, and region. Conclusions: We found that, for first time in China using period analysis, most up-to-date 5-year RS for patients with bone cancer reached 46.6% during 2014 - 2018, and is projected to reach 48.3% for the period 2019 - 2023, which has important implications for timely evaluation on early detection and prognosis level of treatment for patients with bone cancer in Eastern China.

4.
J Clin Periodontol ; 2024 Jul 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39004511

RESUMO

AIM: Periodontitis is one of the most common oral diseases and a major cause of tooth loss in adults. Environmental pollution is closely associated with the prevalence of periodontitis. However, few studies have focused on the association between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and periodontitis. This cross-sectional study aims to examine whether exposure to VOCs is associated with periodontitis, based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011-2014). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analysed data on blood VOC levels, periodontitis and related covariates from 2772 participants of the NHANES. The association between the blood VOCs and periodontitis was analysed using weighted logistic regression analysis, the restricted cubic spline (RCS) model and the weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression model. Interaction tests and mediation analysis were also conducted. RESULTS: After adjusting for covariates, for each natural constant-fold increase in 1,4-dichlorobenzene, the odds of having periodontitis increased by 16% (odds ratio = 1.16; 95% confidence interval: 1.08-1.24, p < .001). WQS regression model indicated that 1,4-dichlorobenzene contributed the most to the association between VOC co-exposure and periodontitis. Mediation analysis further revealed that total bilirubin levels mediated the association between 1,4-dichlorobenzene and the prevalence of periodontitis, accounting for 4.32%. In addition, the positive association between o-xylene and periodontitis was more pronounced in the <65-year-old group. CONCLUSIONS: This study has provided relatively little evidence to demonstrate a specific link between VOCs and periodontitis. Nonetheless, exposure to VOCs remains a non-negligible public health concern, and further research is required to investigate the association and potential mechanisms of action between VOCs and periodontitis.

5.
ACS Nano ; 2024 Jul 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39004822

RESUMO

Intraperitoneal co-delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs (CDs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) brings hope to improve treatment outcomes in patients with peritoneal metastasis from ovarian cancer (OC). However, current intraperitoneal drug delivery systems face issues such as rapid drug clearance from lymphatic drainage, heterogeneous drug distribution, and uncontrolled release of therapeutic agents into the peritoneal cavity. Herein, we developed an injectable nanohydrogel by combining carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) with bioadhesive nanoparticles (BNPs) based on polylactic acid-hyperbranched polyglycerol. This system enables the codelivery of CD and ICI into the intraperitoneal space to extend drug retention. The nanohydrogel is formed by cross-linking of aldehyde groups on BNPs with amine groups on CMCS via reversible Schiff base bonds, with CD and ICI loaded separately into BNPs and CMCS network. BNP/CMCS nanohydrogel maintained the activity of the biomolecules and released drugs in a sustained manner over a 7 day period. The adhesive property, through the formation of Schiff bases with peritoneal tissues, confers BNPs with an extended residence time in the peritoneal cavity after being released from the nanohydrogel. In a mouse model, BNP/CMCS nanohydrogel loaded with paclitaxel (PTX) and anti-PD-1 antibodies (αPD-1) significantly suppressed peritoneal metastasis of OC compared to all other tested groups. In addition, no systemic toxicity of nanohydrogel-loaded PTX and αPD-1 was observed during the treatment, which supports potential translational applications of this delivery system.

6.
J Tissue Viability ; 2024 Jun 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38951048

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: It is well known that women have been plagued by various skin problems. However, research on the characteristics of women's skin at different ages is still inadequate. In addition, there is a lack of research on the extent of women's skincare habits and skin care awareness. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey on skin was carried out in Shanghai, China, which was conducted by means of a questionnaire. 3678 women, aged 18-59 years, participated in the study. The information collected focused on the importance they place on their skin, the skin problems they have, and their use and perception of skin care products. RESULTS: Before the age of 25, the most common skin problems that women face are dryness and oiliness, while after the age of 30, skin-ageing issues begin to appear and worsen with age. In addition, the higher the level of education, the higher the frequency of and compliance with sunscreen use, and the economy also affects women's use of sunscreen. Importantly, the importance women place on their skin and the level of sunscreen awareness affects women's use of sunscreen. CONCLUSIONS: This study was conducted to understand the skin characteristics of women of different age groups as well as to determine the factors that influence the use of sunscreens, which will not only promote women's skin care practices and product development, but also provide important clues for future activities on sunscreen use and health promotion.

7.
J Hepatol ; 2024 Jul 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38992769

RESUMO

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The changes of HBV-specific B-cells in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients underwent pegylated interferon-alfa (PEG-IFNα) treatment and achieved functional cure remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the alterations in HBV-specific B-cells during treatment and therefore explored the mechanism of functional recovery of HBsAg-specific B-cells. METHODS: We included 39 nucleos(t)ide analogues-treated CHB patients who received sequential combination therapy with PEG-IFNα and 8 treatment-naive CHB patients. HBV-specific B-cells were characterized ex vivo using fluorescent labeled HBsAg and HBcAg. The frequency, phenotype, and subsets of HBV-specific B-cells and follicular helper T cells (Tfh-cells) were detected using flow cytometry. The functionality of HBV-specific B-cells was quantified through ELISpot assays. RESULTS: During treatment, the fraction of activated memory B-cells (MBCs) among HBsAg-specific B-cells and the expression of IgG, CXCR3, and CD38 increased. Antibody-secretion capacity of HBsAg-specific B-cell was restored after treatment only in patients with a functional cure and it showed a positive correlation with serum hepatitis B surface antibody levels. The phenotype and function of HBsAg-specific B-cells differed between patients with and without functional cure. Patients with functional cure exhibited IgG+ classical MBCs and plasmablasts in HBsAg-specific B-cells. HBcAg-specific B-cells displayed both attenuated antibody secretion with reduced IgG expression and an IgM+ atypical type of MBCs after treatment, irrespective of with and without functional cure. The number of CD40L+ Tfh-cells increased after PEG-IFNα treatment and positively correlated with HBsAg-specific B-cell activation. CONCLUSIONS: After PEG-IFNα treatment, HBsAg- and HBcAg-specific B-cells exhibit various changes in antibody secretion. Their functional differences are reflected in the alterations in phenotypes and subtypes. The presence of CD40L+ Tfh-cells is associated with the active recovery of HBsAg-specific B-cells. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS: HBV-related complications and hepatocellular carcinoma remain the leading causes of mortality from chronic liver disease worldwide, and a cure is rarely achieved with antiviral therapies. Elucidating the immunological mechanisms underlying the functional cure of CHB patients offers a promising therapeutic strategy for viral clearance, such as therapeutic vaccine. We analyzed the alterations in HBV-specific B-cells in patients treated with PEG-IFNα and identified novel pathways for immunotherapeutic boosting of B cell immunity.

8.
Adv Mater ; : e2405840, 2024 Jul 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38994697

RESUMO

Numerous efforts are devoted to reducing the defects at perovskite surface and/or grain boundary; however, the grown-in defects inside grain is rarely studied. Here, the influence of cooling rate on the point defects concentration in polycrystalline perovskite film during heat treatment processing is investigated. With the combination of theoretical and experimental studies, this work reveals that the supersaturated point defects in perovskite films generate during the cooling process and its concentration improves as the cooling rate increases. The supersaturated point defects can be minimized through slowing the cooling rate. As a result, the optimized FAPbI3 polycrystalline films achieve a superior carrier lifetime of up to 12.6 µs and improved stability. The champion device delivers a 25.47% PCE (certified 24.7%) and retain 90% of their initial value after >1100 h of operation at the maximum power point. These results provide a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of grown-in defects formation in polycrystalline perovskite film.

9.
J Mater Chem B ; 2024 Jul 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39021127

RESUMO

Dental diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal disorders, constitute a major global health challenge, affecting millions worldwide and often resulting in tooth loss. Traditional dental treatments, though beneficial, typically cannot fully restore the natural functions and structures of teeth. This limitation has prompted growing interest in innovative strategies for tooth regeneration methods. Among these, the use of dental stem cells to generate functional tooth modules represents an emerging and promising approach in dental tissue engineering. These modules aim to closely replicate the intricate morphology and essential physiological functions of dental tissues. Recent advancements in regenerative research have not only enhanced the assembly techniques for these modules but also highlighted their therapeutic potential in addressing various dental diseases. In this review, we discuss the latest progress in the construction of functional tooth modules, especially on regenerating dental pulp, periodontal tissue, and tooth roots.

10.
Light Sci Appl ; 13(1): 167, 2024 Jul 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39013861

RESUMO

The robust operation of quantum entanglement states is crucial for applications in quantum information, computing, and communications1-3. However, it has always been a great challenge to complete such a task because of decoherence and disorder. Here, we propose theoretically and demonstrate experimentally an effective scheme to realize robust operation of quantum entanglement states by designing quadruple degeneracy exceptional points. By encircling the exceptional points on two overlapping Riemann energy surfaces, we have realized a chiral switch for entangled states with high fidelity. Owing to the topological protection conferred by the Riemann surface structure, this switching of chirality exhibits strong robustness against perturbations in the encircling path. Furthermore, we have experimentally validated such a scheme on a quantum walk platform. Our work opens up a new way for the application of non-Hermitian physics in the field of quantum information.

11.
Ophthalmol Sci ; 4(5): 100526, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38840780

RESUMO

Purpose: Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a connective tissue disorder caused by mutations in the fibrillin-1 ( (FBN1). In addition to typical phenotypes such as ectopia lentis (EL) and aortic dilation, patients with MFS are prone to ocular posterior segment abnormalities, including retinal detachment (RD), maculopathy, and posterior staphyloma (PS). This study aims to investigate the correlations between FBN1 genotype and posterior segment abnormalities within a Chinese cohort of MFS. Design: Retrospective study. Participants: One hundred twenty-one eyes of 121 patients with confirmed FBN1 mutations between January 2015 and May 2023 were included. Methods: Comprehensive ophthalmic examination findings were reviewed, and the incidence of RD, atrophic, tractional, and neovascular maculopathy (ATN classification system), and PS was analyzed between different genotype groups. Only the more severely affected eye from each patient was included. Main Outcome Measures: Clinical features and risk factors. Results: Of 121 patients, 60 eyes (49.59%) exhibited posterior segment abnormalities, including RD (4, 3.31%), maculopathy (47, 38.84%), and PS (54, 44.63%). The mean age was 11.53 ± 11.66 years, with 79.34% of patients <20 years old. The location and region of mutations were found to be associated with the incidence of maculopathy (P = 0.013, P = 0.033) and PS (P = 0.043, P = 0.036). Mutations in the middle region had a lower incidence of maculopathy and PS (P = 0.028 and P = 0.006, respectively) than those in C-terminal region. Mutations in the transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) regulating sequence exhibited a higher incidence of maculopathy and PS (P = 0.020, P = 0.040). Importantly, the location and region of mutations were also associated with the incidence of atrophic maculopathy (P = 0.013 and P = 0.033, respectively). Mutations in the middle region had a significantly lower probability of atrophic maculopathy (P = 0.006), while mutations in the TGF-ß regulating region had a higher incidence of atrophic maculopathy (P = 0.020). Conclusions: Maculopathy and PS were associated with the location and region of FBN1 mutations. Patients with mutations in the TGF-ß regulating region faced an increased risk of developing retinopathy. Financial Disclosures: Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

13.
Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi ; 40(2): 143-148, 2024 Apr 25.
Artigo em Inglês, Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38847028

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To estimate adolescents and children age using stepwise regression and machine learning methods based on the pulp and tooth volumes of the left maxillary central incisor and cuspid on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, and to compare and analyze the estimation results. METHODS: A total of 498 Shanghai Han adolescents and children CBCT images of the oral and maxillofacial regions were collected. The pulp and tooth volumes of the left maxillary central incisor and cuspid were measured and calculated. Three machine learning algorithms (K-nearest neighbor, ridge regression, and decision tree) and stepwise regression were used to establish four age estimation models. The coefficient of determination, mean error, root mean square error, mean square error and mean absolute error were computed and compared. A correlation heatmap was drawn to visualize and the monotonic relationship between parameters was visually analyzed. RESULTS: The K-nearest neighbor model (R2=0.779) and the ridge regression model (R2=0.729) outperformed stepwise regression (R2=0.617), while the decision tree model (R2=0.494) showed poor fitting. The correlation heatmap demonstrated a monotonically negative correlation between age and the parameters including pulp volume, the ratio of pulp volume to hard tissue volume, and the ratio of pulp volume to tooth volume. CONCLUSIONS: Pulp volume and pulp volume proportion are closely related to age. The application of CBCT-based machine learning methods can provide more accurate age estimation results, which lays a foundation for further CBCT-based deep learning dental age estimation research.


Assuntos
Determinação da Idade pelos Dentes , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , Polpa Dentária , Aprendizado de Máquina , Humanos , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico/métodos , Adolescente , Criança , Determinação da Idade pelos Dentes/métodos , Polpa Dentária/diagnóstico por imagem , Dente/diagnóstico por imagem , China , Incisivo/diagnóstico por imagem , Incisivo/anatomia & histologia , Feminino , Masculino , Algoritmos
14.
Front Oncol ; 14: 1358947, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38903718

RESUMO

Objective: To develop a CT-based nomogram to predict the response of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus immunotherapy. Methods: In this retrospective study, 158 consecutive patients with advanced ESCC receiving contrast-enhanced CT before neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus immunotherapy were randomized to a training cohort (TC, n = 121) and a validation cohort (VC, n = 37). Response to treatment was assessed with response evaluation criteria in solid tumors. Patients in the TC were divided into the responder (n = 69) and non-responder (n = 52) groups. For the TC, univariate analyses were performed to confirm factors associated with response prediction, and binary analyses were performed to identify independent variables to develop a nomogram. In both the TC and VC, the nomogram performance was assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration slope, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: In the TC, univariate analysis showed that cT stage, cN stage, gross tumor volume, gross volume of all enlarged lymph nodes, and tumor length were associated with the response (all P < 0.05). Binary analysis demonstrated that cT stage, cN stage, and tumor length were independent predictors. The independent factors were imported into the R software to construct a nomogram, showing the discriminatory ability with an AUC of 0.813 (95% confidence interval: 0.735-0.890), and the calibration curve and DCA showed that the predictive ability of the nomogram was in good agreement with the actual observation. Conclusion: This study provides an accurate nomogram to predict the response of advanced ESCC to neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus immunotherapy.

15.
Insights Imaging ; 15(1): 158, 2024 Jun 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38902394

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The modified pancreatitis activity scoring system (mPASS) was proposed to assess the activity of acute pancreatitis (AP) while it doesn't include indicators that directly reflect pathophysiology processes and imaging characteristics. OBJECTIVES: To determine the threshold of admission mPASS and investigate radiomics and laboratory parameters to construct a model to predict the activity of AP. METHODS: AP inpatients at institution 1 were randomly divided into training and validation groups based on a 5:5 ratio. AP inpatients at Institution 2 were served as test group. The cutoff value of admission mPASS scores in predicting severe AP was selected to divide patients into high and low level of disease activity group. LASSO was used in screening features. Multivariable logistic regression was used to develop radiomics model. Meaningful laboratory parameters were used to construct combined model. RESULTS: There were 234 (48 years ± 10, 155 men) and 101 (48 years ± 11, 69 men) patients in two institutions. The threshold of admission mPASS score was 112.5 in severe AP prediction. The AUC of the radiomics model was 0.79, 0.72, and 0.76 and that of the combined model incorporating rad-score and white blood cell were 0.84, 0.77, and 0.80 in three groups for activity prediction. The AUC of the combined model in predicting disease without remission was 0.74. CONCLUSIONS: The threshold of admission mPASS was 112.5 in predicting severe AP. The model based on CECT radiomics has the ability to predict AP activity. Its ability to predict disease without remission is comparable to mPASS. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: This work is the first attempt to assess the activity of acute pancreatitis using contrast-enhanced CT radiomics and laboratory parameters. The model provides a new method to predict the activity and prognosis of AP, which could contribute to further management. KEY POINTS: Radiomics features and laboratory parameters are associated with the activity of acute pancreatitis. The combined model provides a new method to predict the activity and prognosis of AP. The ability of the combined model is comparable to the modified Pancreatitis Activity Scoring System.

16.
Transl Oncol ; 46: 102009, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38833783

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Connexin is a transmembrane protein involved in gap junctions (GJs) formation. Our previous study found that connexin 37 (Cx37), encoded by gap junction protein alpha 4 (GJA4), expressed on fibroblasts acts as a promoter of CRC and is closely related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor immune microenvironment. However, to date, the mechanism concerning the malignancy of GJA4 in tumor stroma has not been studied. METHODS: Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were used to validate the expression and localization of GJA4. Using single-cell analysis, enrichment analysis, spatial transcriptomics, immunofluorescence staining (IF), Sirius red staining, wound healing and transwell assays, western blotting (WB), Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay and in vivo experiments, we investigated the possible mechanisms of GJA4 in promoting CRC. RESULTS: We discovered that in CRC, GJA4 on fibroblasts is involved in promoting fibroblast activation and promoting EMT through a fibroblast-dependent pathway. Furthermore, GJA4 may act synergistically with M2 macrophages to limit T cell infiltration by stimulating the formation of an immune-excluded desmoplasic barrier. Finally, we found a significantly correlation between GJA4 and pathological staging (P < 0.0001) or D2 dimer (R = 0.03, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: We have identified GJA4 expressed on fibroblasts is actually a promoter of the tumor mesenchymal phenotype. Our findings suggest that the interaction between GJA4+ fibroblasts and M2 macrophages may be an effective target for enhancing tumor immunotherapy.

17.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf ; 280: 116569, 2024 Jul 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38878331

RESUMO

Manganese (Mn) exposure is a common environmental risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), with pathogenic mechanisms associated with dopaminergic neuron damage and neuroinflammation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as a novel therapeutic approach for neural damage repair. The functional sEVs released from MSCs when they are induced into dopaminergic progenitors may have a better repair effect on neural injury. Therefore, we collected sEVs obtained from primary human nasal mucosal mesenchymal stem cells (hnmMSC-sEVs) or cells in the process of dopaminergic progenitor cell differentiation (da-hnmMSC-sEVs), which were cultured in a 3D dynamic system, and observed their repair effects and mechanisms of Mn-induced neural damage by intranasal administration of sEVs. In Mn-exposed mice, sEVs could reach the site of brain injury after intranasal administration, da-hnmMSC enhanced the repair effects of sEVs in neural damage and behavioral competence, as evidenced by restoration of motor dysfunction, enhanced neurogenesis, decreased microglia activation, up-regulation of anti-inflammatory factors, and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory factors. The transcriptomics of hnmMSC-sEVs and da-hnmMSC-sEVs revealed that miRNAs, especially miR-494-3p in sEVs were involved in neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Overexpression of miR-494-3p in sEVs inhibited Mn-induced inflammation and neural injury, and its repair mechanism might be related to the down-regulation of CMPK2 and NLRP3 in vitro experiments. Thus, intranasal delivery of da-hnmMSC-sEVs is an effective strategy for the treatment of neural injury repair.


Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos , Vesículas Extracelulares , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , MicroRNAs , Mucosa Nasal , Animais , MicroRNAs/genética , Camundongos , Humanos , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Manganês/toxicidade , Masculino , Administração Intranasal , Células Cultivadas , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL
18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38842766

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Group A streptococcal(GAS) meningitis is a severe disease with a high case fatality rate. In the era of increasing GAS meningitis, our understanding about this disease is limited. PURPOSE: To gain a better understanding about GAS meningitis. METHODS: Five new cases with GAS meningitis were reported. GAS meningitis related literatures were searched for systematic review in PUBMED and EMBASE. Case reports and case series on paediatric cases were included. Information on demographics, risk factors, symptoms, treatments, outcomes, and emm types of GAS was summarized. RESULTS: Totally 263 cases were included. Among 100 individuals, 9.9% (8/81) had prior varicella, 11.1% (9/81) had anatomical factors, and 53.2% (42/79) had extracranial infections. Soft tissue infections were common among infants (10/29, 34.5%), while ear/sinus infections were more prevalent in children ≥ 3 years (21/42, 50.0%). The overall case fatality rate (CFR) was 16.2% (12/74). High risk of death was found in patients with shock or systemic complications, young children(< 3 years) and cases related to hematogenic spread. The predominate cause of death was shock(6/8). Among the 163 patients included in case series studies, ear/sinus infections ranged from 21.4 to 62.5%, while STSS/shock ranged from 12.5 to 35.7%, and the CFR ranged from 5.9 to 42.9%. CONCLUSIONS: A history of varicella, soft tissue infections, parameningeal infections and CSF leaks are important clinical clues to GAS in children with meningitis. Young children and hematogenic spread related cases need to be closely monitored for shock due to the high risk of death.

19.
Sci Bull (Beijing) ; 2024 May 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38853044

RESUMO

Exceptional bound (EB) states represent a unique new class of robust bound states protected by the defectiveness of non-Hermitian exceptional points. Conceptually distinct from the more well-known topological states and non-Hermitian skin states, they were recently discovered as a novel source of negative entanglement entropy in the quantum entanglement context. Yet, EB states have been physically elusive, being originally interpreted as negative probability eigenstates of the propagator of non-Hermitian Fermi gases. In this work, we show that EB states are in fact far more ubiquitous, also arising robustly in broad classes of systems whether classical or quantum. This hinges crucially on a newly-discovered spectral flow that rigorously justifies the EB nature of small candidate lattice systems. As a highlight, we present their first experimental realization through an electrical circuit, where they manifest as prominent stable resonant voltage profiles. Our work brings a hitherto elusive but fundamentally distinctive quantum phenomenon into the realm of classical metamaterials, and provides a novel pathway for the engineering of robust modes in otherwise sensitive systems..

SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...