Advances in Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Foxp3+ Treg) and key factors in digestive malignancies.

Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Foxp3+ Treg) play a role in regulating various types of tumors, but uncertainty still exists regarding the exact mechanism underlying Foxp3+ Treg activation in gastrointestinal malignancies. As of now, research has shown that Foxp3+ Treg expression, altered glucose metabolism, or a hypoxic tumor microenvironment all affect Foxp3+ Treg function in the bodies of tumor patients. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that post-translational modifications are essential for mature Foxp3 to function properly. Additionally, a considerable number of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been implicated in the activation of the Foxp3 signaling pathway. These mechanisms regulating Foxp3 may one day serve as potential therapeutic targets for gastrointestinal malignancies. This review primarily focuses on the properties and capabilities of Foxp3 and Foxp3+Treg. It emphasizes the advancement of research on the regulatory mechanisms of Foxp3 in different malignant tumors of the digestive system, providing new insights for the exploration of anticancer treatments.

Distributed Nash equilibrium seeking in noncooperative game with partial decision information of neighbors.

In the real world, individuals may conceal some of their real decision information to their neighbors due to competition. It is a challenge to explore the distributed Nash equilibrium when individuals play the noncooperative game with partial decision information in complex networks. In this paper, we investigate the distributed Nash equilibrium seeking problem with partial decision information of neighbors. Specifically, we construct a two-layer network model, where players in the first layer engage in game interactions and players in the second layer exchange estimations of real actions with each other. We also consider the case where the actions of some players remain unchanged due to the cost of updating or personal reluctance. By means of the Lyapunov function method and LaSalle's invariance principle, we obtain the sufficient conditions in which the consensus of individual actions and estimations can be achieved and the population actions can converge to the Nash equilibrium point. Furthermore, we investigate the case with switched topologies and derive the sufficient conditions for the convergence of individual actions to Nash equilibrium by the average dwell time method. Finally, we give numerical examples for cases of fixed and switched topologies to verify our theoretical results.

Preparation of Quick-Dissolving Nanofiber Face Masks Based on Needleless Electrostatic Spinning.

As the global facial mask market continues to grow, consumers have put forward higher requirements for the functionality and ingredients of mask products. Ordinary facial masks mostly use ordinary non-woven fabrics as the mask base fabric and are used with essence. Preservatives are generally added. At the same time, they are susceptible to the influence of the external environment and are easily oxidized, causing the mask to deteriorate and cause skin allergic reactions. In addition, traditional facial masks have problems such as poor fit with the skin, poor breathability, insufficient absorption of nutrient solutions, and easy dripping. The high specific surface area and high porosity of a nanofiber mask prepared by electrospinning technology are beneficial to the skin's absorption of nutrients, and it has good fit with the skin and strong breathability. A unique advantage of this nanofiber mask is that it uses spray. After the mask is sprayed with water or essence, the water-soluble polymer within it can be quickly dissolved, saving a lot of time. Nanofiber facial mask products can effectively solve consumer pain points and are conducive to the high-end development of facial masks. Therefore, this article combines needleless electrospinning technology to develop a new solid-state, preservative-free, quick-dissolving nanofiber facial mask that can be prepared on a large scale. Based on needleless electrospinning technology, this article deeply explores the process parameters and their influencing mechanisms for preparing nanofiber, quick-dissolving facial masks to achieve the stable preparation of nanofiber facial masks with the best morphology; a comprehensive analysis of the structure and influence of nanofiber facial masks from micro and macro perspectives demonstrates their performance and allows evaluation of them. The experimental results show that the mask morphology is optimal under the process conditions of using a spinning liquid of 20% collagen peptide solution, a spinning voltage of 30 kV, a collection distance of 19 cm, and a liquid supply speed of 130 mL/h.

No increase of soil wind erosion with the establishment of center pivot irrigation system in Mu-Us sandy land.

Center Pivot Irrigation system (CPIs) is widely used in newly exploited arable land in sandy lands. These sandy lands are currently stable because of climate change and ecological restoration efforts since the beginning of the 21st century in northern China. The exploitation of these fixed sandy lands to arable land with CPIs may affect the soil wind erosion, yet it remains unknown. The temporal changes of CPIs and its effect on wind erosion module were analyzed and modeled from 2000 to 2020 in Mu-Us sandy land using satellite images and Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ). The establishment of CPIs started from 2010, boomed in 2015 and peaked in 2020. They were mainly transformed from woodland, grassland, and barren land near rivers in east and southeast, and from cropland in inter-dunes in west and southwest of Mu-Us sandy land. The temporal and spatial pattern of CPIs well aligns with the land consolidation and requisition-compensation balance policies. In most of the Mu-Us sandy land, the annual erosion module is <25 t ha-1 a-1. Despite great variation, the annual, Winter and Spring erosion module of the Mu-Us sandy land or in Otog Qian and Yuyang, the CPIs concentrated counties, all decreased during 2000-2019. Although, wind erosion module in CPIs was lower than the surrounding area, it increased in 2019 given the same climate conditions as in 2010. Our results suggest 1) the establishment of CPIs in Mu-Us sandy land greatly depends on the local policy and natural endowment, and 2) although the set-up of CPIs showed no impact on the wind erosion with CPIs accounting for <1 % of Mu-Us sandy land, post-harvest of CPIs should be carefully concerned to prevent soil wind erosion.

Dual-targeted delivery of temozolomide by multi-responsive nanoplatform via tumor microenvironment modulation for overcoming drug resistance to treat glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor with low survival rate. Currently, temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-line drug for GBM treatment of which efficacy is unfortunately hindered by short circulation time and drug resistance associated to hypoxia and redox tumor microenvironment. Herein, a dual-targeted and multi-responsive nanoplatform is developed by loading TMZ in hollow manganese dioxide nanoparticles functionalized by polydopamine and targeting ligands RAP12 for photothermal and receptor-mediated dual-targeted delivery, respectively. After accumulated in GBM tumor site, the nanoplatform could respond to tumor microenvironment and simultaneously release manganese ion (Mn2+), oxygen (O2) and TMZ. The hypoxia alleviation via O2 production, the redox balance disruption via glutathione consumption and the reactive oxygen species generation, together would down-regulate the expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase under TMZ medication, which is considered as the key to drug resistance. These strategies could synergistically alleviate hypoxia microenvironment and overcome TMZ resistance, further enhancing the anti-tumor effect of chemotherapy/chemodynamic therapy against GBM. Additionally, the released Mn2+ could also be utilized as a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent for monitoring treatment efficiency. Our study demonstrated that this nanoplatform provides an alternative approach to the challenges including low delivery efficiency and drug resistance of chemotherapeutics, which eventually appears to be a potential avenue in GBM treatment.

Dynamics of urban expansion and form changes impacting carbon emissions in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area counties.

Cities are the main carriers of social and economic development, and they are also important sources of carbon emissions. Therefore, it is essential to explore the impact of urban expansion and form changes on carbon emissions. Here, we attempted to analyzes the relationship between urban expansion and carbon emissions at the county level in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) from 1997 to 2017. It further decomposes the driving effects of carbon emissions from multiple factors, and considers the spatial heterogeneity between different urban form changes and driving effects. The results show that: The relationship between urban expansion and carbon emissions in the GBA has gone through three stages from 1997 to 2017, with 2012 as a turning point. Optimization of economic development models and strict protection of the ecological environment can effectively control carbon emissions. After 2012, the economic development effect (GE) and population scale effect (PE) are the driving factors of carbon emissions, while the carbon emission intensity effect (CE) and urban land intensity effect (UE) are the inhibitory factors of carbon emissions. The contribution rate of UE to carbon emission reduction can reach 86 %. The impact of urban form changes on carbon emissions has spatial heterogeneity. The changes in urban form have a significant impact on the carbon emissions of counties in Dongguan and Shenzhen. The increase in fragmentation indirectly promotes carbon emissions. In 2007-2012, the increase in centrality significantly weakened the economic development effect, which is conducive to emission reduction. After 2007, the increase in compactness in counties in the eastern part of the GBA, including Zhongshan and Zhuhai, is not conducive to emission reduction.

ACE Gene Mutations (rs577350502) in Early-Onset and Recurrent Myocardial Infarction: A Case Report and Review.

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a severe acute coronary syndrome, demonstrating a trend toward affecting younger individuals in recent years. The association between early-onset myocardial infarction and single nucleotide polymorphism necessitates further exploration and evaluation. Case description: We present a case of a patient experiencing early-onset and recurrent myocardial infarction. The patient underwent stent implantation for myocardial infarction at the age of 53 and subsequently encountered two more myocardial infarctions within a span of 16 years. Following interventional therapy, genetic testing was conducted to assess the efficacy of subsequent anti-heart failure medications, with the aim to preemptively address heart failure risks. Genetic testing revealed a mutation in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene (rs577350502, g.63488533C>A), characterized by an intron-deletion single nucleotide variant. Conclusion: While this variant has not been previously reported to be associated with any specific disease, we hypothesize that it may contribute to the susceptibility and risk of myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease in the patient under consideration. This observation underscores the significance of investigating the insertion/deletion polymorphisms of the ACE gene in the context of AMI and emphasizes the necessity for further validation of this variant and other genetic markers associated with AMI in related diseases.

Multi-omics panoramic analysis of HBV integration, transcriptional regulation, and epigenetic modifications in PLC/PRF/5 cell line.

The clearance or transcriptional silencing of integrated HBV DNA is crucial for achieving a functional cure in patients with chronic hepatitis B and reducing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma development. The PLC/PRF/5 cell line is commonly used as an in vitro model for studying HBV integration. In this study, we employed a range of multi-omics techniques to gain a panoramic understanding of the characteristics of HBV integration in PLC/PRF/5 cells and to reveal the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of integrated HBV DNA. Transcriptome long-read sequencing (ONT) was conducted to analyze and characterize the transcriptional activity of different HBV DNA integration sites in PLC/PRF/5 cells. Additionally, we collected data related to epigenetic regulation, including whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), histone chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), and assays for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq), to explore the potential mechanisms involved in the transcriptional regulation of integrated HBV DNA. Long-read RNA sequencing analysis revealed significant transcriptional differences at various integration sites in the PLC/PRF/5 cell line, with higher HBV DNA transcription levels at integration sites on chr11, chr13, and the chr13/chr5 fusion chromosome t (13:5). Combining long-read DNA and RNA sequencing results, we found that transcription of integrated HBV DNA generally starts downstream of the SP1, SP2, or XP promoters. ATAC-seq data confirmed that chromatin accessibility has limited influence on the transcription of integrated HBV DNA in the PLC/PRF/5 cell line. Analysis of WGBS data showed that the methylation intensity of integrated HBV DNA was highly negatively correlated with its transcription level (r = -0.8929, p = 0.0123). After AzaD treatment, the transcription level of integrated HBV DNA significantly increased, especially for the integration chr17, which had the highest level of methylation. Through ChIP-seq data, we observed the association between histone modification of H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 with the transcription of integrated HBV DNA. Our findings suggest that the SP1, SP2 and XP in integrated HBV DNA, methylation level of surrounding host chromosome, and histone modifications affect the transcription of integrated HBV DNA in PLC/PRF/5 cells. This provides important clues for future studies on the expression and regulatory mechanisms of integrated HBV.

Isoglutaminyl Cyclase Overexpression Enhances KYSE30 Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration via the MAPK Signaling Pathway.

To understand how upregulated isoglutaminyl cyclase (isoQC) is involved in the initiation of diseases such as cancer, we developed a human KYSE30 carcinoma cell model in which isoQC was stably overexpressed. GO and KEGG analysis of the DEGs (228) and DEPs (254) respectively implicated isoQC on the proliferation invasion and metastasis of cells and suggested that isoQC might participate in the regulation of MAPK, RAS, circadian rhythm, and related pathways. At the functional level, isoQC-overexpressing KYSE30 cells showed enhanced proliferation, migration, and invasion capacity. Next, we decided to study the precise effect of isoQC overexpression on JNK, p-JNK, AKT, p-AKT, ERK, p-ERK, and PER2, as RNA levels of these proteins are significantly correlated with signal levels indicated in RNA-Seq analysis, and these candidates are the top correlated DEPs enriched in RT-qPCR analysis. We saw that only p-ERK expression was inhibited, while PER2 was increased. These phenotypes were inhibited upon exposure to PER2 inhibitor KL044, which allowed for the restoration of p-ERK levels. These data support upregulated isoQC being able to promote cancer cell proliferation and migration in vitro, likely by helping to regulate the MAPK and RAS signaling pathways, and the circadian protein PER2 might be a potential mediator.

γ-MnO2 as an Electron Reservoir for RuO2 Oxygen Evolution Catalyst in Acidic Media.

Developing highly active and durable catalysts in acid conditions remains an urgent issue due to the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Although RuO2 has been a state-of-the-art commercial catalyst for OER, it encounters poor stability and high cost. In this study, the electronic reservoir regulation strategy is proposed to promote the performance of acidic water oxidation via constructing a RuO2/MnO2 heterostructure supported on carbon cloth (CC) (abbreviated as RuO2/MnO2/CC). Theoretical and experimental results reveal that MnO2 acts as an electron reservoir for RuO2. It facilitates electron transfer from RuO2, enhancing its activity prior to OER, and donates electrons to RuO2, improving its stability after OER. Consequently, RuO2/MnO2/CC exhibits better performance compared to commercial RuO2, with an ultrasmall overpotential of 189 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and no signs of deactivation even after 800 h of electrolysis in 0.5 m H2SO4 at 10 mA cm-2. When applied as the anode in a proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer, the cost-efficient RuO2/MnO2/CC catalyst only requires a cell voltage of 1.661 V to achieve the water-splitting current of 1 A cm-2, and the noble metal cost is as low as US$ 0.00962 cm-2, indicating potential for practical applications.

Bacteria Synergized with PD-1 Blockade Enhance Positive Feedback Loop of Cancer Cells-M1 Macrophages-T Cells in Glioma.

Cancer immunotherapy is an attractive strategy because it stimulates immune cells to target malignant cells by regulating the intrinsic activity of the immune system. However, due to lacking many immunologic markers, it remains difficult to treat glioma, a representative "cold" tumor. Herein, to wake the "hot" tumor immunity of glioma, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is customized with a coating to create an immunogenic tumor microenvironment and further prove the effect in combination with the immune checkpoint agent anti-PD-1, exhibiting elevated therapeutic efficacy. This is accomplished not by enhancing the delivery of PD-1 blockade to enhance the effect of immunotherapy, but by introducing bacterial photothermal therapy to promote greater involvement of M1 cells in the immune response. After reaching glioma, the bacteria further target glioma cells and M2 phenotype macrophages selectively, enabling precise photothermal conversion for lysing tumor cells and M2 phenotype macrophages, which thereby enhances the positive feedback loop of cancer cells-M1 macrophages-T cells. Collectively, the bacteria synergized with PD-1 blockade strategy may be the key to overcoming the immunosuppressive glioma microenvironment and improving the outcome of immunotherapy toward glioma.

Hesperetin ameliorates spinal cord injury in rats through suppressing apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory response.

Spinal cord injury (SCI), a fatal condition, is characterized by progressive tissue degradation and extreme functional deficits with limited treatment options. Hesperetin, a natural flavonoid with potent antioxidant, antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties, has yet to be systematically investigated for its therapeutic effects on neurological damage in rat models of SCI. In this study, rats were given oral hesperetin once daily for 28 days, and their locomotion and histopathological changes were assessed. The findings demonstrated that hesperetin alleviates neurological damage caused by SCI. The observed behavioral improvement could be due to an increase in the survival rate of neurons and oligodendrocytes. This improvement further boosted the ability to repair tissue and form myelin after SCI, ultimately resulting in better neurological outcomes. Furthermore, the present study revealed that hesperetin possesses potent antioxidant capabilities in the context of SCI, reducing the levels of harmful oxygen free radicals and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, hesperetin markedly inhibited injury-induced apoptosis, as assessed by caspase-3 immunofluorescence staining and the expression level of caspase-3, indicating the ability of hesperetin to prevent cell death after SCI. Finally, after SCI, hesperetin treatment effectively reduced the expression of inflammatory factors, including IL-1ß, TNFα, and NF-kB, demonstrating the anti-inflammatory effect of hesperetin. Together, our results suggest that hesperetin should be considered a valuable therapeutic aid following SCI, as its positive effects on the nervous system, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects, may be crucial mechanisms through which hesperetin exerts neuroprotective effects against SCI.

The relationship between epicardial adipose tissue volume on coronary computed tomography angiography and idiopathic ventricular tachycardia: a propensity score matching case-control study in Chinese population.

Background: Large epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume is associated with the incidence of premature ventricular beats. The relationship between EAT volume and idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (IVT) is not yet clear. We aimed to investigate the effect of EAT volume on the risk of IVT. Methods: This is a retrospective consecutive case-control study from January 2020 to September 2022. IVT patients (n=81) and control patients (n=162) undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) were retrospectively recruited. The patients in the control group were all hospitalized patients for different reasons, such as chest tightness, shortness of breath, chest pain, and so on. Demographic parameters and clinical characteristics of each individual were collected from the patient's medical records. We selected evaluation criteria for the conduct of a 1:1 propensity score (PS)-adjusted analysis. Multivariable logistic analysis was used to investigate risk factors for IVT. Furthermore, the impact of EAT volume on cardiac repolarization indices was assessed in IVT patients. Results: Patients with IVT had a larger EAT volume than control group patients in the unadjusted cohort. Variables with P<0.10 in the univariable analysis and important factors were included in the multivariable analysis model, including body mass index (BMI), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), early peak/artial peak (E/A) ratios <1, EAT attenuation, and EAT volume (per increase 10 mL). The multivariable logistic analysis found that EAT volume [per increase 10 mL, odds ratio (OR): 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17-1.41, P<0.001] was an independent risk factor for IVT. EAT volume (per increase 10 mL, OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.25-1.64, P<0.001) independent effect was demonstrated in the PS adjusted cohort (n=57 in both groups). The area under the curve of EAT volume to predict the risk of IVT patients in the PS adjusted cohort was 0.859. The sensitivity and specificity were 86.0%, and 75.4%, respectively. Furthermore, A large EAT volume of IVT patients had a longer time in Tp-e, and Tp-e/QTc, compared with low EAT volume. Conclusions: Patients with IVT had increased EAT volume compared to control subjects. Our study revealed that large EAT volume is associated with an extended repolarization process in IVT patients. These insights are essential for understanding the mechanisms linking EAT with IVT.

When selection pays: Structured public goods game with a generalized interaction mode.

The public goods game is a broadly used paradigm for studying the evolution of cooperation in structured populations. According to the basic assumption, the interaction graph determines the connections of a player where the focal actor forms a common venture with the nearest neighbors. In reality, however, not all of our partners are involved in every game. To elaborate this observation, we propose a model where individuals choose just some selected neighbors from the complete set to form a group for public goods. We explore the potential consequences by using a pair-approximation approach in a weak selection limit. We theoretically analyze how the number of total neighbors and the actual size of the restricted group influence the critical enhancement factor where cooperation becomes dominant over defection. Furthermore, we systematically compare our model with the traditional setup and show that the critical enhancement factor is lower than in the case when all players are present in the social dilemma. Hence, the suggested restricted interaction mode offers a better condition for the evolution of cooperation. Our theoretical findings are supported by numerical calculations.

Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability study of two cefquinome sulfate intramammary infusions in cow milk.

In this study, two intramammary infusions of cefquinome sulfate were investigated for pharmacokinetics and bioavailability. Twelve lactating cows for each group were administered an effective dose of 75 mg/gland for cefquinome, with milk samples collected at various time intervals. The concentrations of cefquinome in milk at different times were determined by the UPLC-MS/MS method. Analyses of noncompartmental pharmacokinetics were conducted on the concentration of cefquinome in milk. Mean pharmacokinetic parameters of group A and group B following intramammary administration were as follows: AUClast 300558.57 ± 25052.78 ng/mL and 266551.3 ± 50654.85 ng/mL, Cmax 51786.35 ± 11948.4 ng/mL and 59763.7 ± 8403.2 ng/mL, T1/2 5.69 ± 0.62 h and 5.25 ± 1.62 h, MRT 7.43 ± 0.79 h and 4.8 ± 0.78 h, respectively. Pharmacokinetic experiments showed that the relative bioavailability of group B was 88.69% that of group A. From our findings, group B (3 g: 75 mg) shows a quicker drug elimination process than group A (8 g: 75 mg), which suggests that the withdrawal period for the new formulation may be shorter.

Prognostic Value of Hemoglobin Concentration on Renal Outcomes with Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) patients with anemia face an elevated risk of glomerular filtration rate decline. However, the association between hemoglobin and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) progression remains to be elucidated. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 815 subjects with DKD was followed from January 2010 to January 2023. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was utilized to explore the predictive role of hemoglobin in renal outcomes. Renal outcomes were defined as a composite endpoint, including a 50% decline in eGFR from baseline or progression to End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). To unveil any nonlinear relationship between hemoglobin and renal outcomes, Cox proportional hazard regression with cubic spline functions and smooth curve fitting was conducted. Additionally, subgroup analyses were performed to identify specific patient populations that might derive greater benefits from higher hemoglobin. Results: Among the 815 DKD subjects, the mean age was 56.482 ± 9.924 years old, and 533 (65.4%) were male. The mean hemoglobin was 121.521±22.960 g/L. The median follow-up time was 21.103±18.335 months. A total of 182 (22.33%) individuals reached the renal composite endpoint during the study period. After adjusting for covariates, hemoglobin was found to exert a negative impact on the renal composite endpoint in patients with DKD (HR 0.975, 95% CI [0.966, 0.984]). A nonlinear relationship between hemoglobin and the renal composite endpoint was identified with an inflection point at 109 g/L. Subgroup analysis unveiled a more pronounced association between hemoglobin and renal prognosis in males. Conclusion: Hemoglobin emerges as a predictive indicator for the renal prognosis of diabetic kidney disease in China. This study reveals a negative and non-linear relationship between hemoglobin levels and the renal composite endpoint. A substantial association is noted when hemoglobin surpasses 109 g/L in relation to the renal composite endpoint.

Analysis of Microbial Diversity and Community Structure of Rhizosphere Soil of Three Astragalus Species Grown in Special High-Cold Environment of Northwestern Yunnan, China.

Astragalus is a medicinal plant with obvious rhizosphere effects. At present, there are many Astragalus plants with high application value but low recognition and resource reserves in the northwestern area of Yunnan province, China. In this study, metagenomics was used to analyze the microbial diversity and community structure of rhizosphere soil of A. forrestii, A. acaulis, and A. ernestii plants grown in a special high-cold environment of northwestern Yunnan, China, at different altitudes ranging from 3225 to 4353 m. These microbes were taxonomically annotated to obtain 24 phyla and 501 genera for A. forrestii, 30 phyla and 504 genera for A. acaulis, as well as 39 phyla and 533 genera for A. ernestii. Overall, the dominant bacterial phyla included Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria, while the dominant fungal ones were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. At the genus level, Bradyrhizobium, Afipia, and Paraburkholderia were the most prevalent bacteria, and Hyaloscypha, Pseudogymnoascus, and Russula were the dominant fungal genera. Some of them are considered biocontrol microbes that could sustain the growth and health of host Astragalus plants. Redundancy analysis revealed that pH, TN, and SOM had a significant impact on the microbial community structures (p < 0.05). Finally, triterpene, flavonoid, polysaccharide, and amino acid metabolisms accounted for a high proportion of the enriched KEGG pathways, which possibly contributed to the synthesis of bioactive constituents in the Astragalus plants.

Hydrogen sulfide responsive nanoplatforms: Novel gas responsive drug delivery carriers for biomedical applications.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic, essential gas used in various biological and physical processes and has been the subject of many targeted studies on its role as a new gas transmitter. These studies have mainly focused on the production and pharmacological side effects caused by H2S. Therefore, effective strategies to remove H2S has become a key research topic. Furthermore, the development of novel nanoplatforms has provided new tools for the targeted removal of H2S. This paper was performed to review the association between H2S and disease, related H2S inhibitory drugs, as well as H2S responsive nanoplatforms (HRNs). This review first analyzed the role of H2S in multiple tissues and conditions. Second, common drugs used to eliminate H2S, as well as their potential for combination with anticancer agents, were summarized. Not only the existing studies on HRNs, but also the inhibition H2S combined with different therapeutic methods were both sorted out in this review. Furthermore, this review provided in-depth analysis of the potential of HRNs about treatment or detection in detail. Finally, potential challenges of HRNs were proposed. This study demonstrates the excellent potential of HRNs for biomedical applications.

Non-insulin-based insulin resistance indexes in predicting atrial fibrillation recurrence following ablation: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance (IR) is involved in the pathophysiological processes of arrhythmias. Increasing evidence suggests triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index, metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio are simple and reliable surrogates for IR. Although they have been associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), evidence supporting this is limited. Here, this is the first study to investigate the association between TyG-BMI index and AF recurrence following radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). The performance of the four non-insulin-based IR indexes in predicting AF recurrence after ablation was explored. METHODS: A total of 2242 AF patients who underwent a de novo RFCA between June 2018 to January 2022 at two hospitals in China were included in this retrospective study. The predictive values of IR indexes for AF recurrence after ablation were assessed. RESULTS: During 1-year follow-up, 31.7% of patients experienced AF recurrence. The multivariable analysis revealed that TyG index, METS-IR, and TyG-BMI index were independent risk factors for AF recurrence. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a connection between METS-IR, TyG-BMI index, and AF recurrence (P < 0.001). Furthermore, incorporating the METS-IR or TyG-BMI index to the basic risk model with fully adjusted factors considerably enhanced the forecast of AF recurrence, as demonstrated by the C-statistic, continuous net reclassification improvement, and integrated discrimination improvement. CONCLUSIONS: TyG index, METS-IR, and TyG-BMI index were independently associated with AF recurrence following ablation. Among the four non-insulin-based IR indexes, TyG-BMI had the highest predictive value, followed by METS-IR.