Chronic Pediatric Immune Thrombocytopenia Is Not Associated With Herpes Virus Infection Status.

Background: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is characterized by non-chronic (transient, <12 months) and chronic (≥12 months) decline in the number of platelets. Herpes virus infections have been shown, in many studies, to be associated with the development of ITP. However, it remains unclear whether the herpes virus infection status is associated with the chronic ITP. Methods: We reviewed 480 primary pediatric patients with ITP in the period from January 2017 to December 2019. The prevalence of herpes virus antibodies including the Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), and Epstein Barr virus were recorded. The levels of serum complement C3 and C4, T (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+), B (CD19+) lymphocytes, and natural killer (CD16+ 56+) cells were also analyzed. Multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the associations between chronic ITP and herpes virus infection status. Results: Compared with non-chronic, patients with chronic ITP had older age (≥3 years), lower levels of hemoglobin and complement C3, and lower probability of CMV and HSV-2 infections (IgM positive; p < 0.05). Patients with herpes virus infection had lower serum platelet counts (p < 0.001), lower complement C3 levels and lower CD4+/CD8+ cells ratio (p < 0.05). Furthermore, platelet counts were positively correlated with CD4+/CD8+ cells ratios (r = 0.519; p = 0.0078), and negatively correlated with T cells (CD3+: r = -0.458, p = 0.0213; CD8+: r = -0.489, p = 0.0131). Multivariate analysis showed that age (OR, 1.644; 95%CI, 1.007-2.684; p = 0.047) was an adverse risk factor for chronic ITP and CMV IgM positive (OR, 0.241; 95%CI, 0.072-0.814; p = 0.022) had lower risk of chronic ITP development, while other herpes virus infection statuses and clinical features were not. Conclusion: Although herpes virus infections were associated with the onset of ITP, our findings indicated that herpes virus infection status might not be a risk factor for chronic ITP.

Sub-bandgap absorption and photo-response of molybdenum heavily doped black silicon fabricated by a femtosecond laser.

Molybdenum (Mo)-doped black silicon (Si) is obtained by using femtosecond laser irradiation. The concentration of Mo atoms at the depth from 10 to 200 nm has exceeded 1019cm-3. In contrast, the carrier concentration in the Mo-doped layer is lower than 1015cm-3. The surface morphologies with ripple and conical spike microstructures are formed by changing the pulsed laser fluences. The Mo-doped Si samples exhibit a sub-bandgap (1100∼2500nm) absorptance of more than 60% at a wavelength of 1310 nm. A Mo-doped Si photodetector is made, and the responsivity of the device for 1310 nm is up to 76 mA/W at a -10V bias.

Higher Red Blood Cell Distribution Width is a Poor Prognostic Factor for Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

PURPOSE: Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been considered as a potential indicator of the effects of treatment or as a prognostic indicator for various malignancies. Most chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients are in the chronic phase, but some have transformed to accelerated phase or blast phase (blast crisis). However, the clinical significance of RDW in CML remains limited. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the present study, detailed clinical information and the RDW of 168 healthy people and 153 CML patients (106 patients for the training cohort and 47 patients for the validation cohort) were retrospectively assessed. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis demonstrated that patient age (OR, 1.081; 95CI% 1.039~1.125; p < 0.001), platelet counts (OR, 0.997; 95CI% 0.994~0.999; p = 0.001) and RDW at admission (OR,1.469; 95CI% 1.121~1.925; p = 0.005) were significantly associated with the patients with advanced phase. Among CML patients in the chronic phase, higher RDW was significantly associated with overall survival (OS; p = 0.0008) and the event-free survival (EFS; p = 0.0221) among CML patients with chronic phase, but not with Transformation-free survival (TFS; p = 0.0821). Furthermore, higher RDW was associated with higher mortality compared to patients with low RDW (CML-associated deaths; p < 0.0001). In addition, a decline in RDW is associated with the treatment of CML patients with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, especially at 6 and 12 months after the start of treatment. CONCLUSION: Higher RDW is a potential prognostic biomarker for chronic CML patients.

Non-phase-separated 2D B-C-N alloys via molecule-like carbon doping in 2D BN: atomic structures and optoelectronic properties.

Two-dimensional (2D) B-C-N alloys have recently attracted much attention but unfortunately, Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) B-C-N alloys typically phase separate. In spite of that, our analysis of the B-C-N alloy fabricated by electron-beam irradiation suggests that non-phase-separated B-C-N may in fact exist with a carbon concentration up to 14 at%. While this analysis points to a new way to overcome the phase-separation in 2D B-C-N, by first-principles calculations, we show that these B-C-N alloys are made of motifs with even numbers of carbon atoms, in particular, dimers or six-fold rings (in a molecule-like form), embedded in a 2D BN network. Moreover, by tuning the carbon concentration, the band gap of the B-C-N alloys can be reduced by 35% from that of BN. Due to a strong overlap of the wavefunctions at the conduction band and valance band edges, the non-phase-separated B-C-N alloys maintain the strong optical absorption of BN.

Genome­wide profiling of lncRNA expression patterns in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia with differentiation therapy.

Long non­coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial factors in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cell differentiation. However, their expression patterns and regulatory functions during all­trans­retinoic acid (ATRA)­induced APL differentiation remain to be fully elucidated. The profile of dysregulated lncRNAs between three bone marrow (BM) samples from patients with APL post­induction and three BM samples from untreated matched controls was examined with the Human Transcriptome Array 2.0. The dysregulated lncRNA expression of an additional 27 APL BM samples was validated by reverse transcription­quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT­qPCR) analysis. The lncRNA functions were predicted through co­expressed messenger RNA (mRNA) annotations. Co­expressed lncRNA­mRNA networks were constructed to analyze the functional pathways. In total, 825 lncRNAs and 1,218 mRNAs were dysregulated in the treated APL BM group, compared with the untreated APL BM group. The expression of 10 selected lncRNAs was verified by RT­qPCR analysis. During APL differentiation, NONHSAT076891 was the most upregulated lncRNA, whereas TCONS_00022632­XLOC_010933 was the most downregulated. Functional analysis revealed that several lncRNAs may exert activities in biological pathways associated with ATRA­induced APL differentiation through cis and/or trans regulation of mRNAs. The findings of the present study assist in explaining the contributions of lncRNAs in APL myeloid differentiation and improve current knowledge on the potential mechanisms regarding dysregulated lncRNA expression in ATRA­induced APL differentiation.

miR-340 reverses cisplatin resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines by targeting Nrf2-dependent antioxidant pathway.

Many chemotherapeutic agents have been successfully used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the development of chemoresistance in liver cancer cells usually results in a relapse and worsening of prognosis. It has been demonstrated that DNA methylation and histone modification play crucial roles in chemotherapy resistance. Currently, extensive research has shown that there is another potential mechanism of gene expression control, which is mediated through the function of short noncoding RNAs, especially for microRNAs (miRNAs), but little is known about their roles in cancer cell drug resistance. In present study, by taking advantage of miRNA effects on the resistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells line to cisplatin, it has been demonstrated that miR-340 were significantly downregulated whereas Nrf2 was upregulated in HepG2/ CDDP (cisplatin) cells, compared with parental HepG2 cells. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase assays of Nrf2-3'-untranslated region-based reporter constructor indicated that Nrf2 was the direct target gene of miR- 340, miR-340 mimics suppressing Nrf2-dependent antioxidant pathway and enhancing the sensitivity of HepG2/ CDDP cells to cisplatin. Interestingly, transfection with miR-340 mimics combined with miR-340 inhibitors reactivated the Nrf2 related pathway and restored the resistance of HepG2/CDDP cells to CDDP. Collectively, the results first suggested that lower expression of miR-340 is involved in the development of CDDP resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, at least partly due to regulating Nrf2-dependent antioxidant pathway.

[Association between the interaction polymorphisms of interleukin-10 and smoking on patients with bladder cancer risk from a case-control study].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between both polymorphisms of interleukin-10 (IL-10), smoking and the susceptibility to bladder cancer. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted to study the promoter polymorphisms of IL-10 gene by allele specific PCR amplification (AS-PCR) and to explore the possible genetic and environmental factors on bladder cancer, based on data from a hospital which included 400 patients with bladder cancer and another 400 healthy controls. RESULTS: The genotypes of IL-10 gene might be associated with the susceptibility to bladder cancer. Homozygous mutant of IL-10 gene at the point of 1082, 819 and 592 could enhance the risk of bladder cancer (OR value is 2.058, 1.979, 1.979, respectively). No statistically significant correlation was found between the divergence of IL-10 genotype and the different clinical stages and pathological grade of bladder cancer (P > 0.05). Interactions were noticed between polymorphisms in IL-10 gene and their correlation with smoking on bladder cancer. The positive interaction of 1082 site homozygous variant (AA), 819 site homozygous variant (TT), 592 site homozygous variant (AA) and smoking were revealed in the occurrence rates of bladder cancer (OR = 2.264, γ = 10.213; OR = 2.438, γ = 6.750; OR = 2.438, γ = 6.750). CONCLUSION: Our research findings showed that the significant interactions between IL-10 gene with homozygous mutant and smoking might increase the risk of bladder cancer.

Characterization of microRNAs expression profiling in one group of Chinese urothelial cell carcinoma identified by Solexa sequencing.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to extend the known repertoire of microRNAs (miRNAs) expressed in urothelial bladder cancer (BCa) of the Chinese population and further understand the molecular events of miRNAs underlying urothelial bladder tumorigenesis at the global genome level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We separated well-characterized epithelial tumor cells from 20 moderately differentiated or poorly differentiated BCa specimens by laser capture microdissection (LCM) and pooled these cells of interest prior to RNA analysis. Ten normal bladder epithelia (NBE) samples were pooled as the control. After preparation of small RNAs library, the 2 samples were sequenced simultaneously by the next generation high through-put Solexa sequencing technology. RESULTS: We employed the next generation high through-put Solexa sequencing technology to clone and identify miRNAs in BCa and NBE, and generated 11,146,610, and 10,263,845 high quality sequence reads, respectively. According to the analysis of size distribution, 22 nt class was the most abundant group of small RNAs in the BCa. Likewise, the 20 and 22 nt sequences were significantly greater than shorter or longer sequences, and accounted for 59.55% of the total sequence number of NBE library. The whole-genome-scale data mining suggested that BCa and NBE libraries both contained multiple and heterogeneous small RNA species. On further analysis, the sequencing data revealed that different miRNAs showed clearly in-house differential expression levels in BCa and NBE and 74 miRNAs aberrantly expressed between BCa and NBE at the global genome level. We also predicted 13 novel miRNAs in both BCa and NBE libraries. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that BCa miRNAs include a large proportion of conserved miRNAs and a set of non-conserved miRNAs with low expression levels. These known and newly identified miRNAs at the population level significantly enhance our knowledge of BCa miRNAs expression profiling and provide insights into miRNAs oncogenesis and oncotherapy in BCa. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the roles of miRNAs in urothelial bladder tumorigenesis and determine the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic tools or therapeutic targets for BCa in the future.

A facile and practical copper powder-catalyzed, organic solvent- and ligand-free Ullmann amination of aryl halides.

A facile and practical method that the copper powder-catalyzed Ullmann amination of aryl halides with aqueous methylamine under organic solvent- and ligand-free condition at 100 °C and in air gave N-arylamines as sole products in good to excellent yields. The presence of a small amount of air is essential. Other aliphatic primary amines show good to very high reactivity. Secondary amines and aniline are not reactive. Sensitive substituents (i.e., CHO, MeCO, CN and Cl) are tolerable in the reaction.

K3PO4-catalyzed regiospecific aminobromination of beta-nitrostyrene derivatives with N-bromoacetamide as aminobrominating agent.

A very simple, efficient, and regiospecific protocol for aminobromination of a wide scope of beta-nitrostyrene derivatives with N-bromoacetamide (NBA) as nitrogen/bromine sources has been developed by using K(3)PO(4) as catalyst. The reaction proceeded smoothly and cleanly to give the bromoamines in good to excellent yields (78-99%) within 24 h in CH(2)Cl(2) at room temperature without protection of inert gases. A possible mechanism involving a nucleophilic conjugate addition was proposed.

Enhancement of second-harmonic generation from silicon stripes under external cylindrical strain.

The enhanced second-harmonic (SH) generation from Si (111) stripes induced by external cylindrical strain is investigated. The dependence of the intensity of the strain-induced SH on the sample azimuth shows that the Si under cylindrical strain has 3m symmetry, which is similar to that of the Si (111) surface. Further studies indicate that the intensity of the enhanced SH is a quadratic function of the cylindrical strain within the magnitude that the Si stripe can bear. For the p-polarized and s-polarized SH, the intensities are, respectively, enhanced by 47.9% and 13% at epsilon(0)=2.93x10(-4). The enhancement of SH is due to the contributions from the strain-induced second-order nonlinear susceptibility chi(strain)(2) to the bulk dipole.

Silicon powder: the first nonmetal elemental catalyst for aminobromination of olefins with TsNH(2) and NBS.

Silicon powder was found, for the first time, to be an efficient alternative to transition metal catalysts for aminobromination of alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and simple olefins with p-toluenesulfonamide (4-TsNH(2)) and NBS, affording the aminobrominated products in high yields and regio- and stereoselectivity. The high reactivity of electron-rich substrates reveals that the reaction has the electrophilic addition feature.

KI-catalyzed aminobromination of olefins with TsNH(2)-NBS combination.

An efficient KI-catalyzed aminobromination of olefins has been developed with good to excellent yields and high regio- and stereoselectivities under transition metal-free conditions. A series of olefins, including alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and simple olefins, was studied. The reaction was performed in CH(2)Cl(2) using KI as the catalyst and TsNH(2) and NBS as the nitrogen and bromine sources.

Copper powder-catalyzed regio- and stereoselective aminobromination of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones with TsNH2 and NBS as nitrogen and halogen sources.

The regio- and stereoselective aminobromination of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones catalyzed by copper powder has been established with 4-TsNH(2) and NBS as the nitrogen/bromine sources, respectively. This method provides an easy access for preparation of vicinal aminohalo derivatives in the presence of 1 mol % catalyst. Electron-rich alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones afforded the corresponding aminobrominated products in excellent yields (up to 99.8%), revealing that the addition has an electrophilic feature.

PdEDTA held in an ionic liquid brush as a highly efficient and reusable catalyst for Suzuki reactions in water.

An efficient and reusable catalyst with PdEDTA immobilized in an ionic liquid brush and a green procedure have been developed for coupling aryl iodides and bromides with phenylboronic acid. These reactions were conducted in water under aerobic conditions with water-insoluble or even solid aryl halides. The protocol has the advantages of excellent yields, environmental friendliness, and catalyst recyclability. There was no apparent loss of catalyst efficiency until the 10th cycle.

[Soft-tissue pyogenic infection in neonates caused by Staphylococcus aureus carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathogen causing soft-tissue pyogenic infection in neonate. METHODS: The isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were obtained from liquor puris and blood by routine method. The Automated Microbiology Analyzer was used for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test of the isolates. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes were determined by multiplex PCR in the isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to determine the sequence types (STs) of the isolates. The genotypes of SCCmec were also determined by another multiplex PCR in the isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). RESULTS: In 3 cases of neonate with soft-tissue pyogenic infection, 2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from liquor puris in 2 cases. 2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from liquor puris and blood from another case. All 4 isolates were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains carrying PVL genes. Their SCCmec types were SCCmec IIIA. The STs of 4 isolates were ST88. The antimicrobial-resistance profile of the isolates were the same except erythromycin. CONCLUSION: Soft-tissue pyogenic infection in the 3 neonates was caused by the same clone of MRSA carrying PVL genes.

[Optimization for extraction technology of polysaccharide in root of Adenophora potaninii from Taibai mountain in China by orthogonal experimental design].

OBJECTIVE: This study is to develop excellent extraction technology of the polysaccharides in the root of the A. potaninii which live in the Taibai Mountain in China. METHOD: Based on the extraction with water, the polysaccharides were deposited with alcohol. With the content of polysaccharides was as the index, extraction conditions were investigated systemly. Employed the solid-liquid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time and extraction number of times were as levels of single factor, the optimal extraction technology of the polysaccharides from the root of the A. potaninii was determined by L9 (3(4)) orthogonal experimental design L9 (3(4)). RESULT: The optimal technology conditions were that the solid-liquid ratio was 1 : 30, the extracting temperature was 60 degrees C, the extracting time was 3 h and extracting number of times was 3 times. CONCLUSION: The optimized extraction technology is simple, reliable and extraction efficiency of polysaccharide is higher.

[Frequency and transcript variant analysis of gene fusions between TMPRSS2 and ETS transcription factor genes in prostate cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequencies and types of fusions between the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), ETS-related gene (ERG), ETS variant-1 (ETV1), and ETS variant-4 (ETV4) genes in prostate cancer (PCa) and significance thereof. METHODS: Biopsy samples of prostate were obtained under transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) from 32 PCa patients, aged (74 +/- 8) and 34 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Nested RT-PCR and direct DNA sequencing were used to detect the fusion genes of TMPRSS2/ERG, TMPRSS2/ETV1, and TMPRSS2/ETV4. The association between the fusion-positive tumor rate and Gleason grading was analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 32 PCa patients, TMPRSS2/ERG fusion was detected in 17 cases (53.1%), including 5 variant fusion transcripts one of which was newly discovered with the GenBank accession number of EU090248. TMPRSS2/ETV1 fusion was detected in only 2 cases (6.3%), including one newly discovered variant fusion transcripts with the GenBank accession number of EU090249. TMPRSS2/ETV4 fusion was not detected. The positive rates of TMPRSS2/ERG and TMPRSS2/ETV1 fusions showed no statistical association with the Gleason grade (P = 0.169). No fusion between the TMPRSS2 and ETS transcription factor genes was detected in the 34 BPH samples. CONCLUSION: TMPRSS2/ERG and TMPRS22/ETV1 fusion genes with different subtypes exist in the tissues of PCa. TMPRSS2/ERG and TMPRSS2/ETV1 fusion genes may be used as diagnostic tools for PCa.

[Detection of urine DD3/PSA mRNA ratio by duplex TaqMan RT-PCR assay and evolution of its primary application].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a duplex TaqMan RT-PCR assay for urine DD3/PSA mRNA ratio, and to evaluate its effect in diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS: Urine samples were obtained from 34 patients with PCa and 44 patients with benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) by prostate massage. A duplex TaqMan RT-PCR assay was developed: PCR primers were designed to amplify the fragments between the exon1 and exon2 in the PSA mRNA and between the exon1 and exon3 in the DD3 mRNA, and the PCR TaqMan-MGB probes were labeled with HEX and FAM respectively in 5' for PSA mRNA. LNCaP cells were used as template. DD3/PSA mRNA ratio was measured. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn so as to evaluate its diagnostic efficacy. RESULTS: Sequencing showed that the PCR products were specific for PSA mRNA and DD3 mRNA. The minimum detection level was approximately 0.6 cells/reaction for PSA mRNA and was 60 cells/reaction for DD3 mRNA in the LNCaP cell cDNA. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation of DD3/PSA mRNA were 3.8%-4.7% and 4.1%-4.9% respectively. Urine DD3/PSA mRNA ratio in PCa group was significantly higher than the BPH group (P < 0.01). When the cutoff value was defined as 0.254, the area under curve (AUC) of DD3/PSA mRNA ratio was 0.746 (95% CI: 0.630-0.862), and the sensitivity and specificity were 64.7% and 77.3% respectively. The urine DD3/PSA mRNA ratio positive rate was not correlated with clinical and pathological parameters. CONCLUSION: A duplex TaqMan RT-PCR assay for urine DD3/PSA mRNA ratio has been established with an excellent clinical performance and specificity for PCa, saving time and reducing costs. It may be a promising method in the early diagnosis of PCa.

[Quantitative detection of DD3 mRNA in prostate cancer tissues by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the expression of DD3 mRNA in the prostate tissues. METHODS: DD3 mRNA was detected by realtime fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (FQ-RT-PCR) based on the Taqman technique in the tissues of 27 patients with non-prostate cancer( NPCa), 21 prostate cancer( PCa), 39 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 15 normal prostate (NP). The ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of DD3 mRNA. RESULTS: DD3 mRNA expression was not detected in the NPCa tissues. The median expressions of DD3 mRNA in PCa, BPH and NP tissues were 7. 2 x 10(6), 2. 5 x 10(4) and 1.5 x 10(4) copies/mg tissue, respectively. The DD3 mRNA expression levels were significantly different between nonmalignant and malignant tissues (P < 0.01). No significant differences in DD3 mRNA expression were detected between the NP and BPH tissues and no significant correlation was found between the DD3 mRNA expression and clinical pathological parameters. The AUC-ROC was 0.937 (95% CI: 0.879 - 0.995) at cutoff value 1.4 x 10(5) copies/mg tissue. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio for DD3 were 90.5%, 85.0%, 86.7%, 76.0%, 94.3%, 6.03 and 0.11 respectively. CONCLUSION: The DD3 mRNA expression is confined to prostate tissues and highly upregulated in PCa tissues. It has a potential application value in the early diagnosis of prostate cancer and the follow-up of the patient.