Tea Consumption is Associated with Increased Risk of Kidney Stones in Northern Chinese: A Cross-sectional Study.

Kidney stones are a common urinary system condition that can progress to kidney disease. Previous studies on the association between tea consumption and kidney stones are inconsistent. A cross-sectional study to investigate the association between tea consumption and kidney stones was conducted from 2013 to 2014 and recruited 9,078 northern Chinese adults. A total of 8,807 participants were included in the final analysis. Participants' prevalence of kidney stones was 1.07%, 1.73%, and 2.25% based on their tea consumption frequency of never, occasionally, and often groups, respectively. Compared with the 'never' group, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the occurrence of kidney stones were 1.57 (1.00-2.46) and 1.65 (1.06-2.57) in the 'occasionally' and 'often' groups, respectively. After adjusting for sex, age, and other potential confounding factors, tea consumption still significantly increased the risk of kidney stones. Tea consumption is independently associated with an increased risk of kidney stones in the investigated population, suggesting that a decrease in the consumption of tea may be a preventive strategy for kidney stones.

[Detection of BK virus infection in renal transplant recipients and clinical application].

OBJECTIVE: To study the detection methods of BK virus infection in kidney transplant recipients, and to explore the clinical application. METHODS: 132 cases of renal transplant recipients were undertaken BK virus detection including presence of decoy cells in urinary sediment, urine and serum BKV-DNA to demonstrate the BK virus replication. RESULT: Among 132 cases of renal transplant recipients, urinary decoy cell was found in 37 (28.0%) patients and the median time was 12 months after surgery. 32 (24.2%) patients were diagnosed as BK viruria at a median of 11 months after surgery, and 16 (12.1%) recipients were diagnosed as BK viremia at a median of 15 months after surgery, 5 patients with BK viruria were diagnosed as BK virus associated nephropathy according to allograft biopsy. CONCLUSION: To make early diagnosis of BK virus infection, detection of urine decoy cells and BKV-DNA in urine and plasma sample is important,which provides an important basis for the prevention of BK virus associated nephropathy.

[Study on microsurgical procedures for pterygium operation and its therapeutic effects].

OBJECTIVE: To study the microsurgical procedures for the treatment of large primary pterygium and their therapeutic effects. To observe the recurrence rate, the changes of visual acuity after microsurgery and the pathological relationships between pterygium and cornea/sclera under the surgical microscope. METHODS: Forty-six eyes of forty-one patients with pterygium which invading the cornea over the pupil border were included. Pterygium was dissected by various methods under surgical microscope. The pathological relationship between the pterygium and cornea/sclera was observed. The lengths of the pterygium head and its three parts were measured. Degenerative Tenon's capsule was removed totally and the wound was covered by rotated conjunctival flaps. These patients were followed-up for 12.0 - 50.2 months (median: 22.4 months). Changes in visual acuity and recurrence rate after operation were observed. RESULTS: The average length of the total pterygium heads was (6.3 +/- 0.4) mm. The head was divided into three parts: the apical, loose and adhesive parts. The apical part was located at the top of the pterygium head with a length of (1.7 +/- 0.4) mm. The tissue of apical part was compact, hard, translucent and adhered to the cornea tissue. The adhesive part was a band in front of the anterior border of the limbus and paralleled to the limbus. The width of adhesive part was (0.9 +/- 0.1) mm and was tightly adhered to the cornea. The loose part lied between the apical and the adhesive part. The length of which was (3.6 +/- 0.4) mm and could be separated from the cornea easily. The neck and the body parts of pterygium could be separated easily from the limbus and sclera. Non-corrected visual acuity averaged 0.3 (ranged from finger count to 0.7) before the operation and averaged 0.7 (ranged from finger count to 1.5) 1 month postoperatively (Wilcoxon signed rank test u = 5.435, P < 0.01). Pterygium relapsed in 5 eyes with a recurrence rate of 11% (5/46). CONCLUSIONS: There is a regular pathological relationship between the pterygium and the cornea/sclera under surgical microscope, which is fundamental for the microsurgery of the pterygium. Extensively degenerated Tenon's capsule should be removed totally and the defect should be covered by rotated conjunctival flaps. The recurrence rate is low and the visual acuity increases significantly after the operation.