RESUMO
Glioblastoma is one of the most common and most aggressive brain cancers. The current treatment is mainly surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, but the results are not satisfactory. Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), also called "Lingzhi", is a medicinal mushroom that has been used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of numerous diseases, including cancer. However, whether it is effective for treating cancer is still unclear. In the present study, the anti-tumor effect of a water extract of G. lucidum was investigated using brain tumor cells. We used an analysis of cell viability, flow cytometry, the IncuCyte live-cell analysis system, and Western blotting to study its effects. The water extract from G. lucidum inhibited cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and it induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at S phase via the cyclin-CDK2 pathway in human brain tumor cells. In addition, the G. lucidum extract significantly inhibited cell migration and mesenchymal marker expression based on the IncuCyte live-cell assay and qRT-PCR analysis. In summary, these anti-tumor effects in brain tumor cells suggest that G. lucidum may be useful for treating brain tumors.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinase 2 Dependente de Ciclina/metabolismo , Ciclinas/metabolismo , Glioblastoma/patologia , Reishi/química , Pontos de Checagem da Fase S do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Água/químicaRESUMO
An efficient and novel procedure for a copper catalyzed domino coupling reaction has been developed, which afforded various oxindoles in good to excellent yields with tolerance of various substituents. In addition, this method could be applied to synthesize horsfiline and coerulescine in few steps with high total yields.
Assuntos
Cobre/química , Indóis/síntese química , Compostos de Anilina/síntese química , Catálise , Indóis/química , Oxindóis , Compostos de Espiro/síntese químicaRESUMO
A novel procedure for the NiCl(2)(DME)/dppp/Zn system catalyzed intermolecular insertion of aryl iodides to nitriles was developed, which afforded variously substituted arylketone derivatives in moderate to good yields with tolerance of a wide variety of functional groups.
