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1.
J Clin Epidemiol ; 166: 111237, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38072177

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Systematic reviews (SRs) are considered the gold standard of evidence, but many published SRs are of poor quality. This study identifies how librarian involvement in SRs is associated with quality-reported methods and examines the lack of motivation for involving a librarian in SRs. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We searched databases for SRs that were published by a first or last author affiliated to a Vancouver hospital or biomedical research site and published between 2015 and 2019. Corresponding authors of included SRs were contacted through an e-mail survey to determine if a librarian was involved in the SR. If a librarian was involved in the SR, the survey asked at what level the librarian was involved and if a librarian was not involved, the survey asked why. Quality of reported search methods was scored independently by two reviewers. A linear regression model was used to determine the association between quality of reported search methods scores and the level at which a librarian was involved in the study. RESULTS: One hundred ninety one SRs were included in this study and 118 (62%) of the SRs authors indicated whether a librarian was involved in the SR. SRs that included a librarian as a co-author had a 15.4% higher quality assessment score than SRs that did not include a librarian. Most authors (27; 75%) who did not include a librarian in their SR did not do so because they did not believe it was necessary. CONCLUSION: Higher level of librarian involvement in SRs is correlated with higher scores in reported search methods. Greater advocacy or changes at the policy level is necessary to increase librarian involvement in SRs and as a result the quality of their search methods.


Assuntos
Bibliotecários , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto , Publicações , Inquéritos e Questionários
2.
Int J Equity Health ; 22(1): 20, 2023 01 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36709295

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Despite a publicly-funded healthcare system, alarming cancer-related health and healthcare inequities persist in Canada. However, it remains unclear how equity is being understood and taken up within the Canadian cancer context. Our objective was to identify how health and healthcare equity are being discussed as goals or aims within the cancer care sector in Canada. METHODS: A rapid scoping review was conducted; five biomedical databases, 30 multidisciplinary websites, and Google were searched. We included English-language documents published between 2008 and 2021 that discussed health or healthcare equity in the Canadian cancer context. RESULTS: Of 3860 identified documents, 83 were included for full-text analysis. The prevalence of published and grey equity-oriented literature has increased over time (2008-2014 [n = 20]; 2015-2021 [n = 62]). Only 25% of documents (n = 21) included a definition of health equity. Concepts such as inequity, inequality and disparity were frequently used interchangeably, resulting in conceptual muddling. Only 43% of documents (n = 36) included an explicit health equity goal. Although a suite of actions were described across the cancer control continuum to address equity goals, most were framed as recommendations rather than direct interventions. CONCLUSION: Health and healthcare equity is a growing priority in the cancer care sector; however, conceptual clarity is needed to guide the development of robust equity goals, and the development of sustainable, measurable actions that redress inequities across the cancer control continuum. If we are to advance health and healthcare equity in the cancer care sector, a coordinated and integrated approach will be required to enact transformative and meaningful change.


Assuntos
Equidade em Saúde , Neoplasias , Humanos , Canadá , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde , Neoplasias/terapia
3.
J Med Virol ; 93(2): 1078-1098, 2021 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32776551

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: To determine the utility of admission laboratory markers in the assessment and prognostication of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on the association between admission laboratory values in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and subsequent disease severity and mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Pubmed, Embase, and the WHO Global Research Database from December 1,2019 to May 1, 2020 for relevant articles. A random effects meta-analysis was used to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for each of 27 laboratory markers. The impact of age and sex on WMDs was estimated using meta-regression techniques for 11 markers. RESULTS: In total, 64 studies met the inclusion criteria. The most marked WMDs were for neutrophils (ANC) at 3.82 × 109 /L (2.76, 4.87), lymphocytes (ALC) at -0.34 × 109 /L (-0.45, -0.23), interleukin-6 (IL-6) at 32.59 pg/mL (23.99, 41.19), ferritin at 814.14 ng/mL (551.48, 1076.81), C-reactive protein (CRP) at 66.11 mg/L (52.16, 80.06), D-dimer at 5.74 mg/L (3.91, 7.58), LDH at 232.41 U/L (178.31, 286.52), and high sensitivity troponin I at 90.47 pg/mL (47.79, 133.14) when comparing fatal to nonfatal cases. Similar trends were observed comparing severe to non-severe groups. There were no statistically significant associations between age or sex and WMD for any of the markers included in the meta-regression. CONCLUSION: The results highlight that hyper inflammation, blunted adaptive immune response, and intravascular coagulation play key roles in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Markers of these processes are good candidates to identify patients for early intervention and, importantly, are likely reliable regardless of age or sex in adult patients.


Assuntos
Imunidade Adaptativa , COVID-19/imunologia , COVID-19/mortalidade , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Inflamação , Biomarcadores/sangue , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , COVID-19/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Produtos de Degradação da Fibrina e do Fibrinogênio/análise , Humanos , Linfócitos , Masculino , Neutrófilos , Análise de Regressão , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
4.
BMJ Open ; 10(8): e035957, 2020 08 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32792432

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence of aggression in healthcare and its association with employees' turnover intentions, health and engagement, as well as how these effects differ based on aggression source (patients vs colleagues), employee characteristics (race, gender and occupation) and organisational response to the aggression. DESIGN: Multilevel moderated regression analysis of 2010 National Health Service (NHS) survey. SETTING: 147 acute NHS trusts in England. PARTICIPANTS: 36 850 participants across three occupational groups (14% medical/dental, 61% nursing/midwifery, 25% allied health professionals or scientific and technical staff). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Employee turnover intentions, health and work engagement. RESULTS: Both forms of aggression (from patients and colleagues) have significant and substantial effects on turnover intentions, health and work engagement; however, for all three outcome variables, the effect of aggression from colleagues is more than twice the size of the effect of aggression from patients. Organisational response was found to buffer the negative effects of aggression from patients for turnover intentions and the negative effects of aggression from patients and colleagues for employee health. The results also demonstrated that nurses/midwives, women and Black employees are more likely to experience aggression; however, no clear patterns emerged on how aggression differentially impacts employees of different races, genders and occupations with respect to the outcome variables. CONCLUSIONS: Although aggression from patients and colleagues both have negative effects on healthcare employees' turnover intentions, health and work engagement, these negative effects are worse when it is aggression from colleagues. Having an effective organisational response can help ameliorate the negative effects of aggression on employees' health; however, it may not always buffer negative effects on turnover intentions and work engagement. Future research should examine other approaches, as well as how organisational responses and resources may need to differ based on aggression source.


Assuntos
Medicina Estatal , Local de Trabalho , Agressão , Estudos Transversais , Inglaterra/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Reorganização de Recursos Humanos , Gravidez
5.
AIDS Care ; 27(7): 855-9, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25671591

RESUMO

Stigmatizing attitudes from health professionals toward people living with HIV (PLHIV) constitute a key barrier to HIV care. Despite considerable progress in HIV stigma-reduction research, we are still searching for effective strategies that can be implemented on a larger scale. To narrow this research gap, the present study investigated a novel cost-effective approach to reducing HIV-related stigma among health professionals. Interactive experiential games were used to help participants gain first-hand experience of potential stressors that PLHIV might encounter. The effectiveness of this game-based experiential approach was compared with that of in vivo contact in reducing HIV-related stigma among students in the health-care fields. Eighty-eight students of health-related programs in Hong Kong were randomly assigned to either the game-based or in vivo contact program. They completed measures of stigmatizing attitudes and HIV/AIDS-related knowledge at pre-program, post-program, and one-month follow-up. Findings showed that the effectiveness of the game-based experiential approach in reducing HIV-related stigma was similar to that of in vivo contact both at post-program and one-month follow-up. Further research is needed to explore the potential value of the game-based approach in reducing HIV stigma among health professionals.


Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Estigma Social , Jogos de Vídeo , Adulto , Análise Custo-Benefício , Feminino , Promoção da Saúde , Hong Kong , Humanos , Masculino , Distribuição Aleatória
6.
Dalton Trans ; 41(26): 8190-7, 2012 Jul 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22572779

RESUMO

The well-defined oxidative addition of the vinylic sp(2) C-H bond of dimethyl fumarate is mediated by the cobalt triple decker complex [(Cp*Co)(2)-µ-(η(4) : η(4)-toluene)] (1) at ambient temperature, affording the dinuclear, bridging cobalt hydride, fumaryl compound (2). The C-H activation product has been characterized by mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. Computational studies of 2 support asymmetric bonding interactions between the two metal centres and the bridging hydride/fumaryl fragments. Monitoring the reaction of dimethyl fumarate with 1 by (1)H NMR spectroscopy allows observation of intermediate [Cp*Co(MeO(2)CCH=CHCO(2)Me)](n) (n = 1 or 2) (3). Addition of 4 equivalents of dimethyl fumarate to 1 results in rapid formation of the bis(ligand) adduct Cp*Co(η(2)-MeO(2)CCH=CHCO(2)Me)(2) (5). Reversibility of the C-H activation was probed by reaction of additional dimethyl fumarate with 2, suggesting ligand induced reductive elimination is possible under ambient conditions. Reaction between 2 and strong σ or π ligands, such as PMe(3) or CO, affords the corresponding Cp*Co(η(2)-MeO(2)CCH=CHCO(2)Me)(L) (L = PMe(3) (7); L = CO (8)) complexes when heated, demonstrating the ability of 2 to undergo two electron redox processes. Further evidence for reversible C-H activation is provided by the isomerization of dimethyl maleate to the corresponding fumarate using 2, suggesting the complex can serve as a source of Co(I) under the appropriate catalytic conditions.

7.
AIDS Care ; 22(1): 17-28, 2010 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20390477

RESUMO

Mobile populations are vulnerable to contracting HIV. The present study aims to evaluate the relative efficacy of the voluntary counseling and testing plus information dissemination (VCT-ID) approach versus the information dissemination (ID) approach for promoting HIV preventive behaviors in a mobile population, cross-border truck drivers. A total of 301 adult male cross-border truck drivers who self-reported having had sex with female sex workers (FSW) or non-regular sex partners (NRPs) in mainland China in the last 12 months were recruited and randomized into the VCT-ID intervention group (Group I) or ID control group (Group C). Anonymous structured questionnaires, administered through a computer-assisted method, were used to collect data. At the follow-up survey (about 8-9 weeks since the baseline survey), Group I participants, as compared to Group C participants, were more likely to be consistent condom users when having sex with FSW (85.5% versus 68.5%, p<0.05) and with NRP (54.8% versus 36.4%, p<0.1), more knowledgeable about HIV, and were less likely to have contracted sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in the last two months. The VCT-ID approach is shown to be more efficacious than the ID approach in promoting safer sex and HIV-related knowledge among local cross-border truck drivers. Feasibility of providing voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) services at locations which are convenient to the target population is demonstrated. It also shows that VCT services can be used as a means of HIV prevention. The findings of this study resulted in up-scaled VCT services for the local target population.


Assuntos
Aconselhamento/provisão & distribuição , Serviços de Diagnóstico/provisão & distribuição , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Sexo Seguro/psicologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Povo Asiático , Estudos de Casos e Controles , China , Preservativos/tendências , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Hong Kong , Humanos , Disseminação de Informação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Assunção de Riscos , Trabalho Sexual , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
8.
AIDS Care ; 22(5): 606-13, 2010 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20401815

RESUMO

Despite social-cognitive interventions to increase safer sex awareness, condom use among female sex workers (FSWs) continued to be inconsistent. To account for the possible influences of contextual factors that may hinder or promote FSWs' safer sex negotiation and condom use, the present study examined the effects of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), FSWs' managers, and clients on FSWs' negotiation efficacy and condom-use efficacy, and the effects of efficacy on condom use. One hundred and nineteen FSWs in Hong Kong completed a questionnaire that focused on their perceived influences of NGOs, managers, and clients toward safer sex negotiation and condom use. Hierarchical regression results showed that whereas NGOs' influence and clients' support were positively related to negotiation self-efficacy, managers' pressure, and clients' pressure were negatively related to negotiation self-efficacy. Managers' pressure was negatively related to condom-use self-efficacy. Logistic regression results showed that FSWs with high condom-use self-efficacy was 24 times more likely to use condom in the previous six months than their counterparts. The present study indicated the importance of social contexts in affecting FSWs' safer sex negotiation and condom-use self-efficacy. Implications on preventive programs for FSWs, managers, and clients were discussed.


Assuntos
Preservativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Negociação , Sexo Seguro/estatística & dados numéricos , Trabalho Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Parceiros Sexuais/psicologia , Adulto , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Hong Kong , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Organizações , Fatores de Risco , Sexo Seguro/psicologia , Trabalho Sexual/psicologia , Adulto Jovem
9.
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol ; 14(3): 372-94, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15650494

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: We reviewed available pediatric literature on second-generation antipsychotic medications to assess current evidence of efficacy and safety. METHOD: An English language MEDLINE search (1974-2003) was conducted using key words-atypical antipsychotics, children and adolescents, toxicity, clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, and aripiprazole. Additional efficacy and safety data were obtained from drug manufacturers. RESULTS: We identified 176 reports, including 15 double-blind, controlled trials, 58 openlabel studies, 18 retrospective chart reviews, and 85 case series/reports. The majority of these studies (43%) were of risperidone. Evidence suggests that second-generation antipsychotics are efficacious in the treatment of psychosis, bipolar disorders, pervasive developmental disorders, and Tourette's Disorder, and are potentially useful in mental retardation, conduct disorder, and severe attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The most frequently reported side effects included cardiovascular effects, weight gain, sedation, sialorrhea, extrapyramidal signs, and hyperprolactinemia, although the relative frequencies of these untoward effects vary among medications. CONCLUSION: Although the evidence base for pediatric use of second-generation antipsychotics is expanding, the majority of available studies are anecdotal, or short-term, openlabel trials. Reports suggest that these compounds are effective for a variety of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents, but additional double-blind, controlled studies are required to establish definitive efficacy. Although these medications appear to be well tolerated in short-term studies, long-term follow-up investigations and ongoing clinical monitoring are necessary to confirm their safety in this age group.


Assuntos
Antipsicóticos/efeitos adversos , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Adolescente , Adulto , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/induzido quimicamente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Hiperprolactinemia/sangue , Hiperprolactinemia/induzido quimicamente , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacos
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