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1.
J Gene Med ; 6(12): 1403-13, 2004 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15523716

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The tetracycline-regulated transcriptional silencer (tTS) has been demonstrated to mitigate leaky expression of the tetracycline-inducible promoter under uninduced condition, and, when conjugated with reverse-type tetracycline-controlled transactivator (rtTA), shows great promise for gene therapy. This effect was attributed to the effectiveness of tTS as a repressor of transcription at the tetracycline-regulated promoter. However, we observed an unexpected increase in transactivational activity by rtTA in the presence of tTS under inducible condition. METHODS: To explore the nature of this co-activational effect of tTS on rtTA, we examined the expression patterns of rtTA by Western blotting analysis of total cellular lysates or an enriched ubiquitinated pool of proteins under various conditions, including the one when proteasomal degradation is inhibited. RESULTS: We demonstrate tTS, in addition to its established role as a transcriptional silencer, can enhance rtTA expression level by salvaging rtTA from the ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation pathway. Along with this finding, we also demonstrate that doxycycline, a commonly used tetracycline analogue, inhibits the susceptibility of rtTA to ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation and enhances the expression level of rtTA. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our data establish an unappreciated role of doxycycline and tTS in tetracycline-regulated gene expression and the functionality of rtTA, and should shed light on the design of gene therapy vectors based on tetracycline-controlled transcriptional regulation systems.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Doxiciclina/farmacologia , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Inativação Gênica , Terapia Genética/métodos , Elementos Silenciadores Transcricionais , Tetraciclina/farmacologia , Animais , Western Blotting , Cães , Vetores Genéticos , Immunoblotting , Rim/citologia , Luciferases/análise , Luciferases/biossíntese , Plasmídeos , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma , Transativadores , Ubiquitina/farmacologia
2.
Exp Cell Res ; 295(2): 497-511, 2004 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15093747

RESUMO

Ras family small GTPases play a critical role in malignant transformation, and Rho subfamily members contribute significantly to this process. Anchorage-independent growth and the ability to avoid detachment-induced apoptosis (anoikis) are hallmarks of transformed epithelial cells. In this study, we have demonstrated that constitutive activation of Cdc42 inhibits anoikis in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells. We showed that activated Cdc42 stimulates the ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK pathways in suspension condition; however, inhibition of these signaling does not affect Cdc42-stimulated cell survival. However, we demonstrated that inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway abolishes the protective effect of Cdc42 on anoikis. Taking advantage of a double regulatory expression system, we also showed that Cdc42-stimulated cell survival in suspension condition is, at least in part, mediated by Rac1. We also provide evidence for a positive feedback loop involving Rac1 and PI3K. In addition, we show that the survival functions of both constitutively active Cdc42 and Rac1 GTPases are abrogated by Latrunculin B, an actin filament-depolymerizing agent, implying an important role for the actin cytoskeleton in mediating survival signaling activated by Cdc42 and Rac1. Together, our results indicate a role for Cdc42 in anchorage-independent survival of epithelial cells. We also propose that this survival function depends on a positive feedback loop involving Rac1 and PI3K.


Assuntos
Anoikis , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases , Proteína cdc42 de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo , Proteínas rac1 de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo , Actinas/metabolismo , Animais , Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular , Cães , Ativação Enzimática , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/enzimologia , Retroalimentação Fisiológica , Proteínas Quinases JNK Ativadas por Mitógeno , Rim/citologia , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Inibidores de Fosfoinositídeo-3 Quinase , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt , Transdução de Sinais , Tiazóis/farmacologia , Tiazolidinas , Proteína cdc42 de Ligação ao GTP/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno , Proteínas rac1 de Ligação ao GTP/efeitos dos fármacos
3.
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol ; 285(3): C711-9, 2003 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12736135

RESUMO

Regulated expression systems are invaluable for studying gene function, offer advantages of dosage-dependent and temporally defined gene expression, and limit possible clonal variation when toxic or pleiotropic genes are overexpressed. Previously, establishment of inducible expression systems, such as tetracycline- and ecdysone-inducible systems, required assessment of the inducible characteristics of individual clones by tedious luciferase assays. Taking advantage of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter controlled by tetracycline- or ecdysone-responsive element and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we propose a simple and efficient strategy to select highly inducible cell lines according to their fluorescence profiles after transiently transfecting the candidate cell pools with a surrogate GFP reporter. We have demonstrated that tetracycline- and ecdysone-inducible systems could be set up in Madin-Darby canine kidney and HEK-293 cells by employing this selection scheme. Importantly, this dual regulatory expression system is applied in studying the complex interplay between two Ras-related small GTPases, Cdc42 and Rac1, on detachment-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, establishment of two tightly regulated expression systems in one target cell line could be of great advantage for dissecting small GTPase Rac1-transduced signaling pathways by using global gene expression approaches such as proteomic assays.


Assuntos
Ecdisona/farmacologia , Biologia Molecular/métodos , Tetraciclinas/farmacologia , Proteínas rac1 de Ligação ao GTP/genética , Animais , Citometria de Fluxo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Genes Reporter , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde , Humanos , Indicadores e Reagentes/metabolismo , Rim/citologia , Proteínas Luminescentes/genética , Proteômica , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Proteínas rac1 de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo
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