COVID-19 lockdown stress and problematic social networking sites use among quarantined college students in China: A chain mediation model based on the stressor-strain-outcome framework.

The COVID-19 pandemic has coincided with a global increase in problematic social networking sites use (PSNSU). By drawing on transactional stress theory and applying the stressor-strain-outcome (SSO) framework, we proposed and verified a chain mediation model to explore the mediating roles of fear of missing out (FoMO) and future anxiety (FA) in the relationship between COVID-19 lockdown stress (CL stress) and PSNSU. Our sample of 670 quarantined college students in China responded to a COVID-19 student stress questionnaire, a social network addiction scale, a fear of missing out scale, and a dark future scale. The results revealed that (1) CL stress significantly positively predicted PSNSU, (2) both FoMO and FA mediated the relationship between CL stress and PSNSU, (3) FoMO significantly positively predicted FA, and (4) a full chain mediation was observed between CL stress and PSNSU.

Influence and mechanism of water matrices on H2O2-based Fenton-like oxidation processes: A review.

Water matrices often coexist with the target pollutant during H2O2-based Fenton-like processes, which affects H2O2 activation and pollutant removal. Specifically, water matrices include inorganic anions (such as chloride, sulfate, nitrate, bicarbonate, carbonate and phosphate ions) and natural organic matters (such as humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA)). In this review, the roles and mechanisms of water matrices in various Fenton-like systems were analyzed and summarized comprehensively. Carbonate and phosphate ions usually act as inhibitors. In contrast, the effects of other water matrices are usually controversial. Generally, water matrices can inhibit pollutants degradation through scavenging OH, forming low reactive radicals, adsorbing on catalyst sites, and changing solution pH. However, inorganic anions can exhibit a promotion effect, which is attributed to their complexation with copper ions in mixed contaminants as well as with cobalt and copper ions in catalysts. Furthermore, the photo-reactivity of nitrate and the generation of secondary radicals with long lifetime are conducive to the promotion of inorganic anions. Besides, HA (FA) can be activated by external energy or act as electron shuttle, thus displaying a facilitative effect. This review will provide guidance for the practical applications of the Fenton-like process.

Relationship Between Hardiness and Social Anxiety in Chinese Impoverished College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Moderation by Perceived Social Support and Gender.

During the COVID-19 epidemic, quarantine and financial disadvantages might exacerbate social anxiety among impoverished college students. Based on the hardiness model and the social support buffering model, the present study proposed and verified a dual moderation model to investigate the effects of hardiness on social anxiety and the moderating roles of gender and perceived social support. The hardiness scale, the perceived social support scale, and the social anxiety subscale of the self-consciousness scale were administered to 673 Chinese college students aged 18 to 23 years who were recognized as impoverished by the Chinese authorities and provided with funding. The results revealed that (1) hardiness had a significant negative effect on social anxiety, (2) perceived social support moderated the effect of hardiness on social anxiety, and (3) gender moderated the effect of hardiness on social anxiety. The dual moderated model proposed in the study provides practical implications for helping impoverished college students cope with social anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Influences and mechanisms of phosphate ions onto persulfate activation and organic degradation in water treatment: A review.

Currently, various strategies have been applied to activate persulfate (PS) for contaminant removal from water. However, the background phosphate ions in water affect PS activation and organic degradation, and the mechanism of their influence on the processes is still controversial. In this review, the possible effects of different phosphate forms (HPO42-, H2PO4-, and PO43-) on PS activation and contaminant degradation were systematically evaluated and summarized. Specifically, HPO42- promotes contaminant degradation in direct peroxymonosulfate (PMS) oxidation and thermal/PMS systems, while it exhibits inhibition to thermal/peroxodisulfate (PDS) and ultraviolet (UV)/PDS systems. Meanwhile, H2PO4- inhibits most oxidation processes based on PMS and PDS, except for non-metal dominated and metal assisted PMS systems. Coexisting HPO42- and H2PO4- could present beneficial effects in thermal, Co2+ and non-metal activated and metal assisted PMS systems. Nevertheless, their inhibitory effects were found in direct PMS oxidation, UV/PMS (or PDS) and metal dominated PMS systems. Generally, phosphate ions inhibit PMS/PDS activation through competing adsorption with PMS or PDS on the solid surface, forming a complex with metal ions, as well as occupying active sites on solid catalysts. In addition, phosphate ions can quench radicals for reduced degradation of contaminants. However, phosphate ions could weaken the bond dissociation energy via combining with PMS and contaminants or form a complex with Co2+, thus displaying a facilitative effect. This review further discusses major challenges and opportunities of PS activation with co-existing phosphates and will provide guidance for better PS utilization in real water treatment practice.

Relationship Between Hardiness and the Mental Health of Funded Chinese College Students: The Mediating Role of Social Support and the Moderating Role of an Only-Child Status.

According to the hardiness model and the perspective of different treatment by parents, this study developed and validated a moderated mediation model to explore the direct effect of hardiness on the mental health of Chinese funded college students (FCSs), the mediating role of social support, and the moderating role of only-child (OC) /non-only-child (NOC) status. A hardiness scale, mental health scale, and perceived social support scale were used to examine information on 673 Chinese FCSs. Hardiness had a significantly positive effect on the mental health of FCSs. Mediation analysis indicated that social support mediated the relationship between hardiness and the mental health of FCSs. The moderated mediation model analysis indicated that the OC/NOC status moderated the second half of the mediation model. The results suggest that the hardiness model is applicable to FCSs from China and elucidate the internal influence mechanism between hardiness and mental health. On the basis of the findings of this study, suggestions are presented in this paper for college education management.