Retraction: Comprehensive insights into the charge dynamics process and excellent photoelectric properties of heterojunction solar cells.

Retraction of 'Comprehensive insights into the charge dynamics process and excellent photoelectric properties of heterojunction solar cells' by Xiangyang Liu et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18, 24299-24306.

Correction: Comprehensive insights into the charge dynamics process and excellent photoelectric properties of heterojunction solar cells.

Correction for 'Comprehensive insights into the charge dynamics process and excellent photoelectric properties of heterojunction solar cells' by Xiangyang Liu et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18, 24299-24306.

Comprehensive insights into the charge dynamics process and excellent photoelectric properties of heterojunction solar cells.

Zn2SnO4 octahedron nanoparticles/Cu4Bi4S9 (ZTO/CBS) and ZTO octahedron nanoparticles/CBS-graphene nanoplatelets (ZTO/CBS-GNs), as well as two types of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells with high flexibility were prepared on stainless steel meshes (SSMs). The improved photovoltaic responses of CBS-GNs and ZTO/CBS-GNs with the incorporation of graphene nanoplatelets were determined using surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS). The signals of time-resolved fluorescence response (TFR) and transient surface photovoltage (TPV) can provide more detailed information on the transition, separation and transport of photogenerated carriers. Here, the ZTO/CBS-GNs cell exhibits a superior performance and the highest efficiency is 8.6%. The multichannel separation process from the TPV signals indicates that the macro-photoelectric signals can be attributed to photogenerated charges separated at the interface of CBS/GNs, rather than CBS/ZTO. The comprehensive signals of SPS, TFR and TPV not only provide insights into the transition, separation and shifting of photogenerated carriers, but also promote the exploration of charge dynamics from the picosecond to second range. Importantly, the BHJ flexible solar cells with excellent efficiency and facile, scalable production present significant potential for practical application.

Comprehensive Insights into Charge Dynamics and Improved Photoelectric Properties of Well-Designed Solar Cells.

Here, Zn2SnO4 nanorods/Cu4Bi4S9 (ZTO/CBS) and ZTO nanorods/CBS-graphene nanosheets (ZTO/CBS-GNs), as well as two types of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells with high flexibility were fabricated on stainless steel meshes (SSMs). The excellent photovoltaic responses of CBS-GNs and ZTO/CBS-GNs with incorporation of GNs were determined using surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS). The signals of time-resolved fluorescence response (TFR) and transient surface photovoltage (TPV) can provide more detailed information for transition, separation, and transport of photoinduced carriers. Besides, the ZTO nanorods/CBS-GNs cell exhibits the superior performance and the highest efficiency is 11.2%. The multichannel separation process from the TPVs indicates that the macro-photoelectric signals can be attributed to the photogenerated charges separated at the interface of CBS/GNs, rather than CBS/ZTO. The multi-interfacial recombination is the major carrier loss with electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the hole selective NiO can efficiently accelerate the charge extraction to the external circuit. The comprehensive signals of SPS, EIS, TFR, and TPV provide insights into transition, separation, recombination and shifting of carriers. Importantly, the BHJ flexible solar cells with high efficiency and facile, scalable production present a potential for application.

Transport of photogenerated charges and photoelectric properties in two types of heterostructures with different ZnO microstructures.

ZnO films with several microstructures including nanoparticles, nanowire arrays, nanorod arrays and nanotube arrays were prepared using different methods. In2O3 and/or Cu4Bi4S9 were deposited onto each nanostructured ZnO film, and two types of heterostructures (ZnO/Cu4Bi4S9 and ZnO/In2O3/Cu4Bi4S9) as well as solid state dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated. The signals of steady state and electric field-induced surface photovoltage spectroscopy indicate that all of ZnO/In2O3/Cu4Bi4S9 heterostructures exhibit higher photovoltaic response than the relative ZnO/Cu4Bi4S9. The same type of heterostructure with different ZnO films presents various photovoltaic properties. Transient surface photovoltage spectroscopy can contribute to study the separation and transport mechanism of photogenerated charges. Here, ZnO nanotubes/Cu4Bi4S9 and ZnO nanotubes/In2O3/Cu4Bi4S9 cells exhibit the best performances with the highest efficiencies of 6.2% and 6.8%, respectively. The internal relations of photoelectric properties to some factors, such as film thickness, surface area, microstructure, double energy level matchings, etc. were discussed in detail. Qualitative and quantitative analysis further verified the comprehensive effect and the difference of factors. The exploration to understand the transport mechanism of light-induced charges in composite films will promote the nanocrystal application in solid state solar cells and photovoltaic community.

[The effects of interleukin-11 on high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) induced mucositis in Wistar rats].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effect of interleukin-11 (IL-11) on high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) induced mucositis in Wistar's rats, the proliferative effect on CEM leukemia cell line and the antitumor effect on HDMTX. METHODS: Ninety-five 5-week old, 120 - 150 grams weight Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. Group A is normal control (n = 15), group B MTX control (n = 20), group C IL-11 pretreatment group before MTX injection (n = 20), group D (n = 20) the high dose IL-11 group (475 microg.kg(-1).d(-1)) after MTX injection, group E (n = 20) the low dose IL-11 group (150 microg.kg(-1).d(-1)) after MTX injection. All rats in group B approximately E were given 1 ml MTX intraperitoneally (100 mg/kg). Rats were killed at day 1, 3, 5, 7 after MTX injection. The mortality rates, changes of small intestine tissue morphology and ultra structure were observed. The proliferation of small intestine crypt cell was assayed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemical staining. MTT method was used to detect the proliferation of CEM cell line. RESULT: IL-11 treatment resulted in a significant increase of survival of HDMTX treated rats, increased of small intestinal villus length and villus/crypt ratio. IL-11 administration was associated with enhancement of small intestine mucosa recovery after HDMTX therapy. Group C showed a greater effect than group B (P < 0.01). IL-11 had no effect on CEM cell proliferation. CONCLUSION: IL-11 has a significant mitigating effect on high-dose MTX induced intestinal mucositis in rat, and significantly increase the survival of the rats. IL-11 could be safely used in the HDMTX treatment of childhood acute lymphocyte leukemia.