[Ammonia volatilization under different nitrogen and water treatments of tomato-watermelon rotation system in solar greenhouse in Losses Plateau, China]. / æ—¥å ‰æ¸©å®¤ç•ªèŒ„-西瓜轮作系统不同水氮处理氨挥发特征.

To understand the characteristics of ammonia volatilization in Losses Plateau, an experiment was conducted in a typical solar greenhouse involving four treatments. Intermittent ventilation chamber method was used to measure NH3 volatilization over the period of tomato-watermelon rotation. The results showed that nitrogen transformation was rapid in solar greenhouse system. The peak NH3 volatilization rate appeared one to two days after fertilization with the range from 0.26 to 2.02 kg N·hm-2·d-1. The NH3 volatilization lasted for about one week in all treatments. No significant differences were recorded in terms of cumulative NH3 volatilization among all nitrogen fertilizer input treatments. The cumulative NH3 losses further increased about 46.7% in two seasons under the same nitrogen application rate, however when irrigation application was decreased. The average NH3 vola-tilization rate and cumulative NH3 losses in watermelon season were higher compared to tomato season, which might be attributed to high temperature during watermelon season. Soil NH4+-N content, water filled pore space, soil temperature of 0-5 cm layer and air temperature all had extremely significant effect on NH3 volatilization rate, while a negative correlation was observed between soil pH and NH3 volatilization rate. Between the different cropping seasons, the rate of NH3 volatilization and cumulative NH3 losses were different, and decreased with decreases in nitrogen input, while reduced irrigation volume increased NH3 volatilization under the same nitrogen application rate.

[Effects of Direct Moxibustion of "Ganshu"(BL 18) on the Contents of T cells in Peripheral Blood in Rats with Precancerous Lesion of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of moxibustion stimulation of "Ganshu"(BL 18) region on contents of T cells in the peripheral blood in rats with Diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), so as to explore its effective in improving immunoregulatory function. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (n=10), model group(n=15), direct moxibustion-15 s group(n=15), direct moxibustion-30 s group (n=15) and ginger-separated moxibustion group(n=15). The primary HCC precancerous lesion model was established by intraperitoneal injection of DEN (50 mg/kg), once every 3 days for 10 weeks. Moxibustion was applied to bilateral "Ganshu"(BL 18) for about 15 min (3 moxa-cones), or 30 min (six moxa-cones), with or without ginger-slice separation, once every other day for 10 consecutive weeks. The contents of T cells of CD 3+, CD 4+, CD 8+ and CD 4+/CD 8+ ratio in the peripheral blood were detected with Flow Cytometey(FCM), pathological changes of liver were observed by light microscope after hematoxylin-eosin(HE) stain. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the contents of blood CD 3+ and CD 4+ T cells and ratio of CD 4+/CD 8+ were significantly down-regulated, while that of CD 8+T cells was obviously increased in the model group(P<0.05,P<0.01). After moxibustion intervention, the decreased CD 3+ and CD 4+T cells and CD 4+/CD 8+ levels and the increased CD 8+T cell contents were reversed in all the 3 moxibustion groups (P<0.05, P<0.01), except CD 3+ in the ginger-separated moxibustion group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences among the three moxibustion groups in the CD 3+, CD 4+, CD 8+ and CD 4+/CD 8+ levels (P>0.05). In addition, the pathological changes of liver tissue as central vein deviation or absence, disordered arrangement of hepatic cords, narrowing of the hepatic sinusoid, hyperplasia of collagen fibers, formation of tuberosis, unevenness of liver cells with nuclear anachromasis and higher heteromorphism, and macronucleus oncocytes in primary HCC rats were not observed or milder after moxibustion intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Direct moxibustion and ginger-separated moxibustion can improve pathological changes of hepatic cells in rats with HCC, which may be associated with its actions in raising blood CD 3+ and CD 4+ T cell contents and reducing CD 8+ T levels to improve immune function.