UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-Based Cell Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology to Reveal the Mechanism of N-Benzylhexadecanamide Isolated from Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) against Testicular Dysfunction.

Testicular dysfunction (TDF) is characterized by testosterone deficiency and is caused by oxidative stress injury in Leydig cells. A natural fatty amide named N-benzylhexadecanamide (NBH), derived from cruciferous maca, has been shown to promote testosterone production. Our study aims to reveal the anti-TDF effect of NBH and explore its potential mechanism in vitro. This study examined the effects of H2O2 on cell viability and testosterone levels in mouse Leydig cells (TM3) under oxidative stress. In addition, cell metabolomics analysis based on UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS showed that NBH was mainly involved in arginine biosynthesis, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, the TCA cycle and other metabolic pathways by affecting 23 differential metabolites, including arginine and phenylalanine. Furthermore, we also performed network pharmacological analysis to observe the key protein targets in NBH treatment. The results showed that its role was to up-regulate ALOX5, down-regulate CYP1A2, and play a role in promoting testicular activity by participating in the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway. In summary, our study not only provides new insights into the biochemical mechanisms of natural compounds in the treatment of TDF, but also provides a research strategy that integrates cell metabolomics and network pharmacology in order to promote the screening of new drugs for the treatment of TDF.

Screening of the Active Compounds against Neural Oxidative Damage from Ginseng Phloem Using UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS Coupled with the Content-Effect Weighted Method.

The neuroprotective properties of ginsenosides have been found to reverse the neurological damage caused by oxidation in many neurodegenerative diseases. However, the distribution of ginsenosides in different tissues of the main root, which was regarded as the primary medicinal portion in clinical practice was different, the specific parts and specific components against neural oxidative damage were not clear. The present study aims to screen and determine the potential compounds in different parts of the main root in ginseng. Comparison of the protective effects in the main root, phloem and xylem of ginseng on hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death of SH-SY5Y neurons was investigated. UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS was used to quickly and comprehensively characterize the chemical compositions of the active parts. Network pharmacology combined with a molecular docking approach was employed to virtually screen for disease-related targets and potential active compounds. By comparing the changes before and after Content-Effect weighting, the compounds with stronger anti-nerve oxidative damage activity were screened out more accurately. Finally, the activity of the selected monomer components was verified. The results suggested that the phloem of ginseng was the most effective part. There were 19 effective compounds and 14 core targets, and enriched signaling pathway and biological functions were predicted. After Content-Effect weighting, compounds Ginsenosides F1, Ginsenosides Rf, Ginsenosides Rg1 and Ginsenosides Rd were screened out as potential active compounds against neural oxidative damage. The activity verification study indicated that all four predicted ginsenosides were effective in protecting SH-SY5Y cells from oxidative injury. The four compounds can be further investigated as potential lead compounds for neurodegenerative diseases. This also provides a combined virtual and practical method for the simple and rapid screening of active ingredients in natural products.

Effect of Tai Chi and Resistance Training on Cancer-Related Fatigue and Quality of Life in Middle-Aged and Elderly Cancer Patients.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Tai Chi (TC) and resistance training (RT) with different intensity on the cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and quality of life (QoL) of middle-aged and elderly cancer patients. METHODS: Totally 120 cancer patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to 4 groups by a random number table, including TC group, high-intensity 60% one repetition maximum (1-RM) RT group (HIRT), low-intensity (30% 1-RM) RT group (LIRT) and control group, 30 patients in each group. Participants in the TC group received 24-form simplified Yang-style TC training at a frequency of 40 min per day, 3 days per week for 12 weeks. Patients in the two RT groups received 10 sessions, 6 designated movements per day, 3 days per week for 12 weeks. The 1-RM of 6 muscle groups, fat mass (FM), lean body mass (LBM), along with the scores of Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), QoL questionnaire for Chinese cancer patients receiving chemobiotherapy (QLQ-CCC), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were measured before and after training. The adverse effect was also observed. RESULTS: After 12-week intervention, patients in both TC and RT groups showed significant improvements in CRF and QLQ-CCC compared to pre-treatment (P<0.05). Compared with the LIRT and TC groups, patients in the HIRT group improved more significantly in increasing muscle strength and LBM, and reducing in FM (P<0.05). Patients in the TC group significantly increased in lower limb muscle strength compared with the LIRT group (P<0.05). In addition, patients in the TC group showed more significant improvements in scores of GAD-7, PHQ-9 and PSQI than 2 RT groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: TC and RT, both low- and high-intensity training, can significantly increase muscle strength, reduce CRF and improve QoL in the middle-aged and elderly cancer patients. TC has a better effect than RT in terms of sleep quality and mental health. The long-term application is needed to substantiate the effect of TC as an alternative exercise in cancer patients.

Analysis of timing and prognostic factors of early tracheotomy in patients with multiple rib fractures / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To investigate the related factors that affect the timing and prognosis of early tracheostomy in patients with multiple rib fractures.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted on medical data of 222 patients with multiple rib fractures who underwent tracheostomy in Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University from February 2013 to October 2019，including 160 males and 66 females，with the age of 18 to 85 years ［（49.5 ± 16.3）years］. According to the practice management guidelines for tracheostomy timing and the use of propensity score matching technology，there were 118 patients with tracheostomy within 7 days of tracheal intubation （early group） and 104 patients with tracheostomy after 7 days of tracheal intubation （late group） before matching，and there were 87 patients in early group and 87 patients in late group after matching. Data were compared between groups including the gender，age，underlying disease，injury severity score （ISS），Glasgow coma score （GCS），number of fractured ribs，total number of rib fractures （NTRF），first rib fracture，flail chest，traumatic brain injury，combined injuries （spine，maxillofacial，sternum），acute respiratory distress syndrome （ARDS），volume fraction of pulmonary contusion（VPC），blood lactic acid （within 24 hours of admission），hemothorax，pneumothorax，mechanical ventilation time，duration of tracheostomy，time from tracheal intubation to incision，length of hospital stay，length of stay in ICU，closed thoracic drainage，number of fiberoptic bronchoscopy，multi-drug resistant bacteria infection，ventilator-associated pneumonia，antibiotic use time，duration of sedative and analgesic drugs used and 28-day mortality. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to predict independent risk factors for early tracheostomy. The Pearson method was used to compare the relationship between multiple factors. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to predict indicators that affect the prognosis of patients with early tracheostomy，and calculate the best cut-off value. The Kaplan-Meier single factor and COX multivariate survival were used to analyze the relevant factors affecting the 28-day mortality of patients.Results:（1） In early group，the NTRF，ARDS and VPC were higher than those in late group，and the time from tracheal intubation to incision and 28-day mortality rate were lower than those in late group （ P < 0.05），while the two groups showed no significant differences in the gender，age，underlying diseases and ISS （ P > 0.05）. （2） The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there was statistical significance in NTRF （ OR = 1.775，95% CI 1.439-2.188），ARDS（ OR = 3.740，95% CI 1.441-9.711），VPC （ OR = 1.087，95% CI 1.052-1.124） （ P < 0.05）； the Pearson method analysis showed a significant correlation between VPC and NTRF （ r = 0.369， P < 0.05） and a low degree of correlation between ARDS and VPC （ r = 0.179， P < 0.05），but there was no significant correlation between ARDS and NTRF （ r = 0.132， P > 0.05）. （3） The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve （AUC） of the VPC and NTRF ［AUC = 0.832 （95% CI 0.770-0.893），AUC = 0.804 （95% CI 0.740-0.868）］ were significantly higher than those of the number of rib fractures ［AUC = 0.437（95% CI 0.352-0.523），GCS ［AUC = 0.519 （95% CI 0.432-0.605）］ and ISS ［AUC = 0.484 （95% CI 0.398-0.571）］ （ P < 0.05）. After calculating the Yorden index，the best cut-off value for VPC was 23.9，and the best cut-off value for NTRF was 8.5. （4） The Kaplan-Meier single factor and multivariate COX model survival analysis showed that the 28-day survival ratio of patients with early tracheostomy was significantly better than that of late tracheostomy （ P < 0.05）. Conclusions:The NTRF，ADRS and VPC are independent risk factors for the timing and prognosis of early tracheostomy. There is a significant correlation between VPC and NTRF. The VPC ≥ 23.9% and or NTRF ≥ 8.5 can be used to predict early tracheostomy in patients with multiple rib fractures. Early tracheostomy may benefit the 28-day survival of patients with multiple rib fractures.

Research on Function and Mechanism of Tai Chi on Cardiac Rehabilitation.

With the increasing number of cardiovascular patients, more and more people are living with diseases. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an effective treatment and prevention measure for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which aims to relieve both psychological and physiological stress of CVD, reduce risk of death from CVD, improve cardiovascular function and patients' quality of life. Tai Chi is popular in China and mainly used as a daily leisure activity for the elderly to strengthen their bodies. This review discusses whether Tai Chi could be taken as a positive intervention in CR and what is the exact role and its mechanisms as exercise therapy for CVD. The authors detail the role of Tai Chi on CR from the aspects of exercise capacity, risk factors of CVD and psychological factors, etc., as well as highlight the limitation of Tai Chi research at present.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of transcatheter closure of fenestrated atrial septal defect via femoral vein under ultrasound guidance / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To introduce the application of transcatheter closure of multi-fenestrated atrial septal defect (ASD) via femoral vein under ultrasound guidance with amplatzer cribriform occluder (ACO) and atrial septal defect occluder (ASDO), as well as to assess its feasibility, effectiveness and safety. Methods     The clinical data of 48 patients with fenestrated ASD occluded via femoral vein under ultrasound guidance from December 2015 to May 2018 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed, including 17 males and 31 females, aged 10 months to 51 years, an average of 11.50±13.86 years, and weighting 6-79 (27.00±20.14) kg. Among 48 patients with fenestrated ASD, 12 patients had double-foramen and 13 atrial septal aneurysm combined with defects and 23 multi-foramen. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) or transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) to complete the closure of fenestrated ASD. Ultrasound, electrocardiogram and chest X-ray were reviewed the next day after surgery to evaluate the curative effect. Results     Forty-eight patients with ASD were treated with 49 occluders, due to one patient with two occluders. There were 29 ASDO (8-26 mm) and 20 ACO (18-34 mm). During the operation, TTE/TEE examination showed that 48 patients were completely occluded, 13 patients showed fine bundle shunt in the unreleased push notification rod, and 9 patients had fine bundle shunt after the release of push notification rod. Fine bundle shunt was found in 8 patients 24 hours after operation, and microshunt was found in 3 patients 1 year after operation. All the patients were followed up. The occluder position was good. The right heart was reduced in different degrees, and the X-ray showed that the pulmonary blood was reduced in different degrees. No arrhythmia was found by electrocardiogram after operation. Conclusion     It is a safe and effective method to use ACO and ASDO to occlude ASD through femoral approach under ultrasound guidance.

Efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous retrograde closure of patent ductus arteriosus / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Methods    From February 2016 to November 2018, 98 patients of pure PDA were selected, including 43 patients of funnel type and 55 patients of tube type. There were 38 males and 60 females at age of 2-48 (9.8±10.4) years. All patients underwent TTE-guided retrograde closure of the PDA through the femoral artery to establish a femoral-abdominal aorta-thoracic aorta-ductus arteriosus-aorta-right ventricle trajectory.Under the guidance of TTE, a suitable closure umbrella was placed through the femoral artery. One month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months after the surgery, the patients received out-patient clinical follow-up. Results    Ninety eight patients were successfully occluded by TTE. The occluder was replaced many times in an adult PDA patient, but finally it was successfully plugged. The operation time was 33.2±5.8 min. The lumbar diameter was 12±6 mm. And the postoperative murmur disappeared. Ultrasound showed no shunt between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, and the postoperative hospital stay was 3-4 days. No shunt signal was found in 1, 3, 6, 12 months follow-up. Left atrial anteroposterior diameter (25.8±6.1 mm vs. 30.6±8.4 mm) and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (38.5±9.1 mm vs. 45.2±11.5 mm) were significantly smaller (P < 0.05). Conclusion    TTE-guided transcatheter closure of PDA via femoral artery is a safe and effective method to avoid the damage of X-ray and contrast medium. The prospect of clinical application is good.

Research Progress of Vitreous Humor Detection Technique on Estimation of Post-mortem Interval / 法医学杂志

Estimation of postmortem interval(PMI)plays a crucial role in forensic study and identifica-tion work. Because of the unique anatomy location, vitreous humor is considered to be used for estima-ting PMI, which has aroused interest among scholars, and some researches have been carried out. The detection techniques of vitreous humor are constantly developed and improved which have been gradually applied in forensic science, meanwhile, the study of PMI estimation using vitreous humor is updated rapidly. This paper reviews various techniques and instruments applied to vitreous humor detection, such as ion selective electrode, capillary ion analysis, spectroscopy, chromatography, nano-sensing technology, automatic biochemical analyser, flow cytometer, etc., as well as the related research progress on PMI es-timation in recent years. In order to provide a research direction for scholars and promote a more accu-rate and efficient application in PMI estimation by vitreous humor analysis, some inner problems are also analysed in this paper.

Comparison of the clinical efficacy and patients compliance of two kinds of insulin therapy for gestational dia-betes mellitus / 中国基层医药

Objective To compare the efficacy of isophane protamine biosynthetic human insulin premixed 30R( Novolin 30R) and biosynthetic human insulin ( Novolin R) combined with protamine biosynthetic human insulin (Novolin N) in the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus and the patients compliance .Methods According to the digital table ,40 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus were randomly divided into A group ( 20 cases ) and B group(20 cases).A group was treated with Novolin 30R,while B group was given Novolin R combined with Novolin N.The blood glucose levels,the incidence of hypoglycemia during hospitalization ,clinical efficacy,security,conven-ience of insulin injection and compliance were compared and evaluated in the two groups .Results In A group after treatment,the compliance rate was 70.00%(14/20),that in B group was 75.00%(15/20),there was no significant difference(χ2 =0.125,P>0.05).In A group,the incidence rate of hypoglycemia was 10.00%(2/20),that in B group was 5.00%(1/20),there was no significant difference (χ2 =0.360,P>0.05).After treatment,the fasting blood glucose,postprandial 2 hours blood glucose levels in the two group were decreased significantly ( t =5.883, 5.248,6.856,7.549,all P0.05].In A group,the incidence rate of irregularly injected insulin was 1.23%(4/324),which was significantly lower than 3.58%(23/642) in B group(χ2 =4.37,P<0.05).Conclusion Novolin 30R program and Novolin R combined with Novolin N program can effectively control the glucose of gestational diabetes ,the clinical re-sults are satisfactory and relatively safe ,but the former is more acceptive by the patients .

[Sludge performances and membrane pollution in aerobic granular sludge membrane bioreactor].

The aerobic granular sludge membrane bioreactor worked for 75 days. In this operation, the removal efficiencies for COD, NH4+ -N and TN were 91%-95%, 89.57%-100% and 48.25%-90.84%, respectively. The granular sludge appeared disintegration to some extent and the sludge settlement performances deteriorated. Sludge specific resistance from initial resistance of 1.085 x 10(13) m/kg rose to 2.712 x 10(13) m/kg at the end; extracellular polymeric substances maintained between 44.71 and 72.23 mg/g. Then, pollution characteristics of the membrane module were studied. It was found that membrane surface cake layer resistance and membrane pore plugging resistance were 5.32 x 10(11) m(-1) and 2.34 x 10(11) m(-1), accounted for the total resistance of 67.42% and 29.66%, respectively. Through the analysis of infrared spectrum for membrane fouling matters found that the main fouling matters were proteins and carbohydrate materials for membrane.

Association of the polymorphism of synaptobrevins/vesicle-associated membrane proteins 8 gene with coronary heart disease in Chinese Han population / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association of synaptobrevins/vesicle-associated membrane proteins 8 (VAMP8) gene rs1010 polymorphism with coronary heart disease (CHD) in Chinese Han population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The allele and genotype frequencies of the VAMP8 gene rs1010 locus in 185 CHD patients and 149 controls were analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was polymorphism of the VAMP8 gene rs1010 locus in the studied population. The distribution of VAMP8 genotypes was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The frequency of the A allele in the CHD group was significantly higher than that in control (67.3% vs 53.0%, P< 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that genotypes AA and AG were independent risk factors of coronary heart disease. The odds ratio (OR) of (AA+AG) genotype versus GG genotype was 1.969,95% CI: 1.032-3.755.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The VAMP8 rs1010 polymorphism was associated with CHD risk in Chinese Han population, the A allele might serve as a genetic risk factor of coronary heart disease.</p>

[Relative factors of recent discovered atrial fibrillation following isolated coronary artery bypass grafting].

OBJECTIVE: To identify the relative factors of recent discovered atrial fibrillation (AF) following isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS: Classified the 649 cases undergoing isolated CABG from January 2005 to December 2006 to two groups according to whether AF appeared after operation. Collected the peri-operative data and operative strategy, then analyzed with single-factor analysis and Logistic regression. RESULTS: The incidence of AF was 8.0% (52 cases), and 84.6% (44 cases) recovered sinus-rhythm leaving hospital. Age, standard European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation (EuroSCORE), ratio of high-operative-risk, left atrium diameter and ratio of left coronary artery dominance were higher in AF group than in non-AF group. Age, eject fraction, left atrium diameter, operative risk evaluation, left coronary artery dominance and anastomosis on right coronary artery were the relative factors of recent discovered AF following isolated CABG. But off-pump operation, prescription of adrenergic beta-antagonists pre-operatively and degree of coronary artery stenosis had no influence to AF. CONCLUSIONS: AF following CABG is a result of common influence by many factors. EuroSCORE might forecast partially the incidence of AF following CABG. Improve the myocardial protection and reduce the surgical damage during operative progress maybe the mostly approach to decrease the incidence of AF following CABG.

Study on the correlation between CETP TaqIB,KCNE1 S38G and eNOS T-786C gene polymorphisms for predisposition and non-valvular atrial fibrillation / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study whether CETP TaqIB,KCNE1 S38G and eNOS T-786C genetic polymorphisms are associated with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in the Han population from Zhejiang province.Methods Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism assay was used to detect the distribution of alleles and genotypes of CETP TaqIB,KCNE1 S38G and eNOS T-786C in 147 patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and in 147 subjects as controls in Han population of Zhejiang province.Results (1)The frequency of CETP B1 allele in NVAF patients was higher than that of the control group and showing a statistically significant difference(OR=1.763,95%CI:1.247-2.492.P=0.002). (2) Results from logistic regression analysis revealed that: after adjustment of confounding variables such as sex,age,smoking,hypertension and body mass index,data from the binary logistic analysis showed a statistically significant difference in CETP TaqIB genetic polymorphism between Patients and controls.(3)From multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis,results showed an interaction of CETP TaqIB,KCNE1 S38G and eNOS T-786C genetic polymorphisms.Odds ratio of the three simultaneously existing genetic polymorphisms was 1.849 times more than CETP TaqIB alone.Conclusion CETP BI allele was an independent risk factor for predisposition to non- valvular atrial fibrillation.These findings suggested that the simultaneous existence of CETP B1,KCNE1 S38G and eNOS T-786C allele might be elevated with the predisposition to non-valvular atrial fibrillation in the Han population of Zhejiang province.

Peratrial closure of atrial septal defects without cardiopulmonary bypass.

The objective of this study was to introduce a new technique for occlusion of an atrial septal defect without cardiopulmonary bypass, using a modified Amplatzer device. Between October 2004 and November 2005, 96 secundum atrial septal defects in 83 patients were occluded by this method. A 3-cm incision in the right 4(th) intercostal space and a minithoracotomy were performed. Via this incision, the right atrium was exposed and the septal closure device was deployed under transesophageal echocardiographic guidance. The sizes of the defects ranged from 10 to 39 mm. The mean device size was 34.1 +/- 9 mm (12-46 mm). There was no operative mortality and no major morbidity on follow-up of 3-15 months. This new minimally invasive method of secundum atrial septal defect closure is safe and cosmetically superior to conventional surgery. Avoidance of cardiopulmonary bypass can reduce recovery time and complications. The indications are more extensive than percutaneous transcatheter closure, and the results are encouraging.

Effect of replicating adenovirus harboring p53 gene on chemosensitivity of hepatocarcinoma cell line / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To construct a replicating adenovirus vector CNHK600-p53 carrying p53 gene and investigate its effect on the chemosensitivity of hepatocarcinoma cell line. Methods: Chemotherapy of hepatocarcinoma cel ls BEL-7404 were carried out using Fluorouracil, Mitomycin, Epirubicin, CNHK600-p53, CNHK600-p53 + Fluorouracil, CNHK600-p53 + Mitomycin, and CNHK600-p53 + Epirubicin, separately. MTT assay was used to evaluate the killing effects after therapy. Results: The inhibition rate on BEL-7404 cells was(47±3)% whe n using 100 μg/ml 5-Fu, was (20±4)% when using 1 μg/ml MMC, and was (73±2)% when using 2.5 μg/ml EPI. The inhibition rates of BEL-740 cells in CNHK600-p53 (MOI=10) + Fluorouracil (100 μg/ml), CNHK600-p53 (MOI=10) + Mitomycin (1 μg/ml), and CNHK600-p53 (MOI=10) + Epirubicin (2.5 μg/ml) groups were (59±4)%, (44±4)% and (86±2)%, respectively (P<0.01). Conclusion: Adenovirus CNHK600-p53 carrying p53 gene can enhance chemosensitivity of BEL7404 hepatocarcinoma cell line. Gene therapy using adenovirus CNHK600-p53 in combination with chemotherapy may be a new strategy for hepatocarcinoma treatment.

Separation and identification of Taxol in the crude extracts of Taxus cuspidata and its callus culture with HPLC-ESI-MS/MS / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the MS/MS fragmentation mechanism of Taxol, and based on it to establish HPLC-ESI-MS/MS technique to separate and identify Taxol in the crude extracts of Taxus cuspidata and its callus culture, consequently to provide a fast and credible method for the analysis of Taxol in natural products.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Optimized the HPLC-ESI-MS/MS parameters for the sample analysis, and then discussed the ionization and cleavage mechanism of Taxol in ESI-MS and ESI-MS/MS, finally identified the Taxol in the samples with retention time, molecular weight and MS/MS spectra.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Elucidated the MS/MS fragmentation mechanism of Taxol, and developed HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method to analyze Taxol in the two samples.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method is rapid, highly sensitive and specific, so it is suitable for the separation and identification of Taxol in natural products.</p>

Influence of intestinal dysbacteriosis on immune and hematopoietec function in mice / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of intestinal microflora alteration on specific and nonspecific immune function and hematopoietic function of mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty BALB/C mice were divided at random into two groups, experimental group and control group, with 30 mice in each. The mice in the experimental group were given kanamycin 50 mg while those in the control group were given distilled water intragastrically everyday for consecutive 10 days. After the 10 day treatment all the mice were sacrificed, and the cecal contents were collected for quantitative analysis of the intestinal bacterial flora. Certain indexes of immune function, including phagocytosis rate of macrophages, number of T lymphocytes positively stained by esterase and serum interleukin 2 (IL-2) content, and the weight of the spleen, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor etc. as indexes of hematopoietic function were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the group, the quantity of Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.01). The number of PFC (plaque forming cells), the phagocytosis rate of macrophage, the number of T lymphocytes with positive NANE staining, the level of IL-2 significantly decreased when compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01). The weight of the spleen in the experimental group decreased when compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01). Levels of IL-3, GM-CSF, the total number of WBC and the proportion of neutrophil remarkably decreased as compared to that in the control group (P < 0.01). Analysis of the correlations between normal microflora, immunologic and hematopoietic indexes showed that marked positive correlations between the quantity of Bifidobacteria and each immune index including the levels of IL-3 and GM-CSF. There was a positive correlation between IL-2 and IL-3, IL-2 and GM-CSF as well.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The application of antibiotics may cause changes in the structure and quantity of intestinal microflora. The dysbacteriosis may decrease the immune function of organism. The dysbacteriosis may decrease the hemopoietic function. The dysbacteriosis, the decrease in immune and hematopoietic function may affect one another. The balance in microecosystem should be emphasized and antibiotics should be applied rationally to reduce the side effects such as dysbacteriosis.</p>

[Morphologic and hydrodynamic characteristics of bovine jugular venous conduit with valves].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the morphologic and hydrodynamic characteristics of bovine jugular venous conduit with valves. METHODS: Fresh bovine jugular veins with a retained native valve procured from a slaughterhouse were used as raw material to fabricate the valved conduits. The hydrodynamic performance of fresh and glutaraldehyde fixed bovine jugular vein conduits with valves was investigated in an experimental flow equipment that provided a constant pressure. The perfusion flow quantity through the conduits was measured under the antegrade (from the distal end to the proximal end) and retograde (from the proximal to the distal end) perfusion. The parameters of the valves in these bovine jugular venous conduits were also measured. RESULTS: There were 2-3 group valves in the bovine jugular venous conduit, with 3 or 2 valves in each group. The degrees of the leaflet development in different valves were different in the same conduit. The location of well-developed valves was interspersed. The anti-reflow ability of valves was positively correlated to the ratio between the leaflet height and valve sinus height (r = 0.709, P < 0.001). The percentage of retrograde and antegrade perfusion flow quantity after the glutaraldehyde treatment significantly increased than that before the glutaraldehyde treatment (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Part of the bovine jugular venous conduit has well-developed valves with strong ability against reflowing. Routine glutaraldehyde treatment obviously decreases the anti-reflow function of the conduits.