Microfluidic 3D Cytotoxic Assay.

Microfluidic-based cytotoxic assays provide high physiological relevance with the potential to replace conventional animal experiments and two-dimensional (2D) assays. Here, a 3D method utilizing a microfluidic platform for analysis of lymphocyte cytotoxicity is introduced in detail, including platform design, cell culture method, real-time cytotoxic assay setup, and image-based analysis. A 2D experimental method is used for comparison, which effectively demonstrates the advantages of 3D microfluidic platforms in closely recapitulating immune responses within the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, a wide range of experimental possibilities and applications using microfluidic 3D cytotoxic assays is introduced in this chapter, along with their capabilities, limitations, and future outlook.

Revealing the clinical potential of high-resolution organoids.

The symbiotic interplay of organoid technology and advanced imaging strategies yields innovative breakthroughs in research and clinical applications. Organoids, intricate three-dimensional cell cultures derived from pluripotent or adult stem/progenitor cells, have emerged as potent tools for in vitro modeling, reflecting in vivo organs and advancing our grasp of tissue physiology and disease. Concurrently, advanced imaging technologies such as confocal, light-sheet, and two-photon microscopy ignite fresh explorations, uncovering rich organoid information. Combined with advanced imaging technologies and the power of artificial intelligence, organoids provide new insights that bridge experimental models and real-world clinical scenarios. This review explores exemplary research that embodies this technological synergy and how organoids reshape personalized medicine and therapeutics.