[Ultrasound differentiation of fibroadenoma and diagnosis of minimal carcinoma of the breast]. / Ekhograficheskie varianty fibroadenomatoza i diagnostika minimal'nykh kartsinom molochnoi zhelezy.

The investigation was based on the ultrasound and mammographic examination of 630 patients with different patterns of fibroadenoma and 23--with carcinoma of the breast. Sonography should be carried out in step with menstrual cycle when diffuse hyperplasia of glandular tissue is registered. Minimal lobular cancers present most difficulties. Detection of a "node" should not be seen as the dividing line between tumor and fibroadenoma. In cases of fibroadenoma, sonography should be sometimes supplemented by mammography. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy should be used to clarify radiological evidence.

[Ultrasonography and differential diagnosis of breast cancer]. / Ekhograficheskaia kartina i differentsial'naia diagnostika raka molochnoi zhelezy.

The echographic features of different neoplasms of the breast were studied in 449 patients. The most frequent-symptoms of carcinoma, fibroadenoma and cyst and their significance for differential diagnosis are discussed. A diagnostic procedure is suggested for use in ultrasonic examination of the breast.

[Comprehensive radiographic diagnosis of breast cancer]. / Kompleksnaia luchevaia diagnostika raka molochnoi zhelezy.

The echographic and mammographic features of diagnosis neoplasms of the breast were studied in 447 patients. Shows its potentialities in the diagnosis. Supplementing each other, each technique yield the maximum intermation.

[Ultrasonography and mammography in breast cancer]. / Ekhografiia i mammografiia pri rake molochnoi zhelezy.

203 cases of breast pathology were examined using mammography and sonography, the latter procedure yielding, on the whole, more information. The sensitivities of both procedures in cases of breast cancer were 93.65 and 98.4%, respectively. Data on misdiagnosis are analyzed. A modality of mammography and sonography application for diagnosis of node formation in the breast is suggested.

[The morphological characteristics of primary breast cancers with different growth rates]. / Morfologicheskie osobennosti pervichnogo raka molochnoi zhelezy s raznym tempom rosta.

Morphologic peculiarities of primary breast cancer versus growth rate were studied in 46 cases. Growth rate (actual doubling time) was established by mammography carried out at certain time intervals. Morphologic investigation included assessment of tumor histology, degree of invasion, growth pattern, presence of pathologic mitoses, degree of blood vessel invasion, degree of necrosis, presence of microcalcinates, type of desmoplastic reaction, peculiarities of cell infiltration, background and regional lymph node reaction, and grade of malignancy. None of the above parameters appeared to correlate with tumor growth rate. It is concluded that standard morphologic examination of tumor be supplemented with assessment of its proliferative activity.

[The potential and actual growth rate of breast cancer]. / Potentsial'naia i fakticheskaia skorost' rosta raka molochnoi zhelezy.

Potential and actual rates of tumor growth were assayed in 13 patients with primary breast cancer. Potential growth rate was calculated according to proliferative activity as assessed by histoautoradiography whereas actual growth--on the basis of changes in tumor size observed on mammograms obtained through the course of the disease. Actual tumor doubling time proved 22.8 times longer (which means that tumors grew slower) than that suggested by proliferative activity. Cell loss at the average rate of 95.5% proved the main reason accounting for the difference. The proliferative activity in regional lymph node metastases measured in 3 patients simultaneously with the primary tumor assay was 3.9 times higher.

[Growth kinetics of breast cancer]. / Kinetika rosta raka molochnoi zhelezy.

The rate of breast tumors growth was studied in 71 cases on the basis of tumor measurements taken from successive mammograms. Tumor doubling time (DT) varied 2.9-440 days and averaged 94.1 days (less than 35 days in 18.3; 36-75 days--35.2; 76-110 days--15.1, and 110 days and more--in 30.9% of tumors). Mean age proved shorter in patients with DT of less than 35 days (49.5 +/- 3.1 years) as compared to cases of DT of more than 110 days (55.4 +/- 2.7 years). DT in reproductive patients (77.3 +/- 10.2 days) was significantly lower than in menopausal ones (125.3 +/- 16.6 days) (p less than 0.05). Mean duration of exponential tumor growth till clinical signs development proved 8.35 years with a range of variation from 1.75 to 18.4 years. Terms of tumor development was found to match (+/- 2 years) a number of conditions involving changes in hormonal profile as established on the basis of case history.

[Rate of growth of primary cancer of the breast]. / Temp rosta pervichnogo raka molochnoi zhelezy.

Repeated mammography was used to study the rate of primary tumor growth in 64 cases of breast cancer. Primary tumor size doubling time varied 2.9-459 days (98.7 +/- 10.9 days on the average). Four patterns of tumor growth rate were identified: (1) very swift (average doubling time--20.2 days)--in 20.2% of patients; (2) rapid (average doubling time--59.2 days)--37.5% (3) moderate (average doubling time--91.2 days)--14.1%, and (4) slow (average doubling time--212.5 days)--28.1%.

[Galactography in the early detection of breast cancer]. / Galaktografiia v rannem dyiavlenii raka molochnoi zhelezy.

Pathologic discharge from the breast occurred in 308 out of 5000 (6.1%) apparently healthy women. Ductography was carried out in 237 such cases. The procedure revealed ductal ectasia in 96 patients (40.5%), ductal papillomatosis--38 (16.0%), intraductal papilloma--15 (6.8%) and cysts--in 16 cases. Cancer was suspected in 22 (9.3%) patients and in 14 (63.6%) of them tumor was diagnosed following excisional biopsy. On the whole, cancer was detected in 5.9% of the examined cases. In 13 out of 14 (92.9%), ductal carcinomas were either minimal (dia less than or equal to 1 cm) or noninvasive.

[Experience and outlook for the work of the All-Union Center for the Early Detection of Breast Cancer]. / Opyt i perspektivy raboty Vsesoiuznogo tsentra po rannemu vyiavleniiu raka molochnoi zhelezy.

The results of studies conducted by the Center's staff for early detection of breast cancer are discussed. About 5,000 females are examined at the Center yearly, with clinical, mammographic and thermographic procedures being used. During five screenings, breast cancer was detected in 56 cases (8.9%-by thermography alone, 16%-clinical examination, 26.8%-mammography alone and 48.2%-mammography plus clinical examination). "Minimal" breast cancer (less than 1 cm in dia.) was detected in 19 cases (33.9%). 76.5% of "minimal" cancers were detected with the aid of mammography.

[Search for effective means in the early detection of breast cancer]. / Poisk éffektivnykh putei rannego vyiavleniia raka molochnoi zhelezy.

The results of mass screening survey conducted at the Institute are presented. Three examinations (clinical examination, thermography, mammography, biopsy) of 5,006 females, aged 35 years and older, revealed breast tumors in 43 cases (8.5 per 1,000). X-ray - mammography and clinical examination established tumor in 44.0%; mammography-34.8%, and clinical examination-in 21.1% of cases. Tumors less than 2 cm in diameter were detected in 32 out of 43 cases of breast cancer (74.4%).

[Comprehensive prophylactic examinations of women for the detection of early forms of breast cancer]. / Kompleksnye profilakticheskie obsledovaniia zhenshchin dlia vyiavleniia rannikh form raka molochnoi zhelezy.

Under examination were 2699 females over 30 years of age having no complaints of the mammary gland induration. The following diagnostic tests were used: 1) clinical; 2) thermography of mammary glands; 3) mammography in two projections. Breast cancer was revealed in 12 females (in 4.4 per 1,000 persons under examination). The clinical method solely revealed mammary gland cancer in 0.14%, thermography--in 0.28%, mammography-in 0.57%. A two-step examination, when persons suspected of breast pathology being preliminary identified, enabled the recognition of breast cancer in 2.97% (29.7 per 1,000 examined subjects). 41.6 per cent of the detected tumors proved to be lobar carcinoma in situ, 33 per cent--microfoci of scirrhous and solid cancer. The conclusion is drawn on somewhat limited opportunities of thermography as a screening method due to very frequent pseudopositive diagnoses.

[Diagnosis and treatment of villous polyps of the large intestine and rectum]. / O diagnostike i lechenii vorsinchatykh polipov tolstoi i priamoi kishki.

The work is based on the examination of 67 patients with villous tumors of the colon and rectum. The peculiar features of the clinical course have been studied, and the efficacy of different diagnostic measures have been analysed. In the diagnosis of villous tumors great importance is attached to endoscopy in the complex of clinical examination of a patient. Roentgenological investigation with the use of the accessory technics--double contrasting, laterography, "angular" roentgenography seem to be an important step in the investigation. Only after the histological study is completed, one can ultimately judge the fact of the polyp malignification. The classification of villous polyps of the colon and rectum based on the histological principle is suggested. The results of the treatment are analysed, and some practical recommendations are given.