Fluorescence Spectroscopy Application in the Express-evaluation of the Gastrointestinal Microflora.

Possible application is studied for fluorescence spectroscopy in the express-evaluation of the gastrointestinal microflora. This diagnostic approach is feasible because of the difference in fluorescent spectra from different microorganisms, with anaerobic microorganisms exhibiting the most pronounced fluorescence. It was found that fluorescence strength raised with an increase in the bacteria Bacteroides and bifid bacteria, whereas it decreased with an increase in Escherichia coli. The bacteria Bacteroides and bifid bacteria are the most typical representatives of anaerobic bacteria, whereas the bacteria Escherichia coli arc the typical representatives of aerobic bacteria. According to the literature, Bacteroides and bifid bacteria reveal an intense fluorescence. Bearing in mind that these genera of bacteria play an important role in the gastrointestinal microbiocenosis, fluorescence spectroscopy can be used as a diagnostic means for gastrointestinal dysbacteriosis.

[Peculiarities of surgical tactics in complicated traumatic diaphragmal hernia].

Results of 18 patients with traumatic diaphragmal hernia treatment were generalized. Most of them were hospitalized at a date later than 1 year after injury for the other diseases, at 4--diagnosis was established during the operation. Operated in conditions of partial or complete strangulated hernia 16 patients. A critical analysis of diagnostic methods and options of surgical tactics in traumatic diaphragmatic hernia was lead. Based algorhythm for choosing the adequate surgical access.

[Anemia in patients with resectable tumour of periampullar zone organs as a risk factor of postoperative complications occurrence and its complex correction].

Results of treatment of 39 patients, to whom pancreatoduodenal resection was performed for periampullar zone tumour, were analyzed. Anemia, revealed before the operation, had constituted the factor, which trustworthily increased the postoperative complications occurrence risk. Therapeutic course, using recombinant erythropoietins, was conducted for correction of anemia in 7 patients. This had promoted the hemoglobin level raising, the risk of postoperative complications occurrence lowering, but did not influence the intraoperative blood loss severity and perioperative hemotransfusion volume.

[Cholecystectomy by mini-laparotomy access. Retrospective analysis of the 10-year work]. / Kholetsistéktomiia minilaparotomnym dostupom. Retrospektivnyi analiz 10-letnei raboty.

Ten-year experience of operative treatment of cholelithic disease using mini-access cholecystectomy (MACH) in 920 patients was summarized. There were operated on 167 patients for an acute cholecystitis, chronic calculous cholecystitis--716, gall bladder polyposis--36, gall bladder cancer--1. In 48 patients the MACH was matched with choledochus drainage, in 9--choledocholithotomy was performed, in 1--choledochoduodenostomy. In 6 observations the MACH were done simultaneously inguinal herniotomy, in 10--umbilical herniotomy, in 7--uterine extirpation, in 13--operation for ovarial cyst. The bile leakage from gall bladder bed occurred in 3 observations, the operative wound suppuration--in 4. Duration of stationary treatment was 4.1 days at average.

[Possibilities of transcutaneous intervention under ultrasonographic control in comprehensive treatment of severe necrotizing pancreatitis]. / Vozmozhnosti chreskozhnogo vmeshatel'stva pod kontrolem ul'trazvukovogo issledovaniia v komplekse lecheniia tiazhelogo nekroticheskogo pankreatita.

In 46 patients with an destructive acute pancreatitis (AP) the invasive intervention under control of ultrasonography, in 38 of them--in stage of purulent complications, was performed. It had promoted stabilization of state in 39 (89.8%) patients, normalization of clinic--laboratory indexes, that had permitted to realize radical operative intervention with minimum risk in perspective. Invasive intervention under control of ultrasonography--highly effective primary surgical manipulation in complex of treatment of the destructive AP severe forms.

Prospects for applying fluorescence spectroscopy to diagnose the hard tissues of a tooth.

This article deals with the autofluorescence spectra from the hard tissues of a tooth, both in norm and pathology. An investigation was made on 30 extracted human teeth. The measurements were made both for the intact hard tissues of a tooth, such as enamel, dentine, cementum, and root canal, and for the tissues pathologically affected by a caries (superficial, intermediate, and deep) and by a dental calculus. It was found that the fluorescent spectra from enamel, dentine, cementum, and from the regions affected by a caries and dental calculus were identical in form. All the spectra revealed a maximum near 700 nm. However, the intact and affected hard tissues were greatly different in the integral fluorescent intensity. Dental calculus was found to produce the most pronounced fluorescent intensity, whereas the carious regions produced a slightly weaker fluorescent intensity. On the contrary, the intact hard tissues of a tooth exhibited the poorest fluorescent intensity.

[Electrostatic method of determination of phospholipase A activity]. / Elektrostaticheskii metod opredeleniia aktivnosti fosfolipazy A.

An electrostatic assay of phospholipase A activity has been developed. This assay is based on the monitoring of changes in the boundary potential of the planar lipid bilayer. The initial rate of the potential changes induced by phospholipase hydrolysis is proportional to the enzyme activity. The sensitivity of the method is up to 0.0002 Units/ml; the effect of impurities is ignorable. The method allows the use of natural phospholipase substrates and is rapid, i.e., the phospholipase activity assay takes approximately 5 minutes.

[Principles of the diagnosis and surgical treatment of internal biliary fistulae]. / Printsipy diagnostiki i khirurgicheskogo lecheniia vnutrennikh zhelchnykh svishchei.

On the basis of examination of 58 patients, the main principles of diagnosis and surgical treatment of the internal biliary fistulas are suggested.

[Measurements of the potential difference during adsorption of phloretin and fluorescein on the surface of lipid membranes using the method of inner field compensation]. / Izmerenie skachkov potentsiala pri adsorbtsii floretina i floretsina na poverkhnosti lipidnykh membran metodom kompensatsii vnutrimembrannogo polia.

The inner field compensation method was used for the measurement of the boundary dipole potentials as a function of phloretin and fluorescein concentration, ionic strength and pH. These potentials were compared with calculated from the conductance change in the presence of nonactin. Both methods gave similar results for fluorescein, but the steady-state potentials in the case of phloretin, obtained by the first method were smaller. These results imply that fluorescein, being introduced on one side of the BLM, remained on that side contrary to phloretin which penetrated through the membrane and partitioned between its both boundaries.

[Boundary potentials of lipid membranes in the presence of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate ions]. / Granichnye potentsialy na lipidnykh membranakh v prisutstvii ionov 1-anilino-8-naftalen sul'fonata.

Boundary and zeta potentials induced by ANS adsorption in dioleoyl lecithin membranes were measured using three methods, namely: inner membrane field compensation, measurements of carrier-mediated membrane conductance and microelectrophoresis. The changes of boundary potentials due to ANS adsorption recorded by the first two methods were the same and did not depend on the ionic strength of aqueous solutions. On the contrary, the values of zeta potentials were smaller as compared with the boundary potentials, and depended on the ionic strength. The results obtained were described satisfactorily by means of combination of Henry, Gouy-Chapman and Boltzmann equations, when ANS ions were assumed to adsorb at a plane shifted towards the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

[Theory of hydrophobic ion adsorption in bilayer lipid membranes taking into account their lateral interaction and charge discreteness]. / Teoriia adsorbtsii gidrofobnykh ionov v BLM s uchetom ikh lateral'nogo vzaimodeistviia i diskretnosti zariadov.

A relationship was calculated between the number of adsorbed hydrophobic ions and the potential created by them in BLM and concentrations of these ions in solution, ionic strength in solution, the value of the membrane charge and the potential dipole shift on the BLM surface. It was assumed in the model under consideration that the ion adsorption plane was located at some depth inside the membrane, the discrete nature of the ions, their possible lateral interaction and existence of various adsorption centres in the membrane being taken into account.

[Adsorption of 1-anilino-3-naphthalenesulfonate on bilayer lipid membranes]. / Adsorbtsiia 1-anilin-8-naftalen sul'fonata na bisloinykh lipidnykh membranakh.

A study has been made of the dependence of a membrane potential produced by adsorbed ANS anions on their bulk concentration, on the ionic strength of the solution, on the magnitude of charge and dipole potential drop at the bilayer surface. Measurements have been made on artificial planar membranes of various composition by the inner field compensation method. On membranes of neutral lipids the ionic strength dependence was absent, while on charged BLM an increase in ionic strength resulted in a parallel shift of the potential dependence on ANS bulk concentration. A theory previously developed has been used for the interpretation of our results. It is assumed there that the adsorption plane of ANS ions is located within the membrane and account is taken of the discrete charge effect and the non-electric interaction of ions in the adsorption plane.