Lasers in the military for cutaneous disease and wound healing.

The clinical laser experience of military dermatologists mirrors that of their civilian counterparts; however, there are applications for lasers in dermatology in which there is special military relevance. These range from treatment of common diseases such as pseudofolliculitis barbae to noninvasive identification of shrapnel injuries on the battlefield using novel laser-based diagnostic techniques. Although some applications in this report are experimental, emerging technologies should allow for their clinical or field implementation in the near future.

Superoxide dismutase and allopurinol improve survival in an animal model of hemorrhagic shock.

We studied the efficacy of resuscitation with antioxidants in an animal model of hemorrhagic shock. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized, and 27 mL/kg of blood was withdrawn from the carotid artery over 2 minutes. The animals remained in hemorrhagic shock for 45 minutes, followed by 1 hour of resuscitation. Experimental groups were as follows: 1) 15,000 u/kg superoxide dismutase (SOD) in 54 mL/kg lactated Ringer (LR); 2) 175,000 u/kg catalase (CAT) in LR; 3) 15,000 u/kg SOD+175,000 u/kg CAT in LR; 4) allopurinol in LR; 5) deferoxamine bound to pentafraction (DFO), 27 mL/kg; 6) pentafraction alone; and 7) LR alone. Compared with resuscitation with LR alone, SOD and allopurinol improved survival over 72 hours, P < 0.05. Survival with SOD+CAT was not different from LR alone. Deferoxamine bound to pentafraction did not increase survival over that with pentafraction alone. CAT had increased mortality compared to LR, P < 0.01. The efficacy of both SOD and allopurinol in decreasing mortality suggests the importance of superoxide radicals after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. These and other antioxidants are potential therapeutic agents in the clinical setting of trauma and hemorrhagic shock.