[Plant growth and Cd accumulation characteristics in different planting modes of maize and Amaranthus hypochondriacus.] / 玉米与籽粒苋不同种植模式下植物生长及Cd累积特征.

To achieve the goal of remediation while producing for farmland contaminated by Cd, maize and grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) were planted on farmland contaminated by Cd in five different intercropping modes, including alternating wide-narrow-row of maize and single-row grain amaranth intercropped between wide rows (T1), alternating wide-narrow-row of maize and double-row grain amaranth intercropped between wide rows (T2), equidistant double-row maize and single-row grain amaranth intercropped between rows (T3), equidistant double-row maize and double-row grain amaranth intercropped between rows (T4), maize and grain amaranth intercropped with equal four rows (T5), while maize (CK1) and grain amaranth (CK2) single planted as control to explore the effects of different intercropping modes on growth and Cd accumulation of crops and hyper-accumulation plants (A. hypochondriacus). The results showed that: 1) Compared with mono-culture (CK1), grain yield of maize per plant showed an increasing trend in intercropping modes. The grain yield of maize in T1 increased by 10.5%, while that in T4 and T5 decreased by 6.3% and 5.4% respectively, and that in T2 or T3 did not change compared with monoculture of maize. The aboveground biomass per plant and yield per unit area of grain amaranth decreased by 69.5%-95.7% and 83.9%-96.9% in intercropping modes respectively compared with monoculture (CK2). 2) The Cd content of maize grain showed an increasing trend in intercropping modes compared with monoculture (CK1). The Cd content of grain amaranth showed a decreasing trend in intercropping modes compared with monoculture (CK2). 3) Compared with monoculture (CK2), the enrichment coefficient, transport coefficient, and effective transport coefficient of grain amaranth all showed an increasing trend in intercropping modes, while the aboveground Cd extraction amount per plant and per unit area of grain amaranth decreased by 40.4%-86.7% and 70.4%-88.9% in intercropping modes, respectively. The total amount of Cd extraction per unit area of maize and grain amaranth in intercropping modes was significantly higher than that in monoculture of maize and lower than that in monoculture of grain amaranth. 4) The content of available Cd in maize rhizosphere soil and the content of total/available Cd in grain amaranth rhizosphere soil both showed an increasing trend in intercropping modes compared with monoculture of both crop, but it had no significant effect on non-rhizosphere soil. In this study, T1 was beneficial to increase maize grain yield, while T5 was beneficial to maximize the Cd extraction amount of grain amaranth.

[Advance in study on the effects of iron on algal growth and spectral recognition].

Iron is an essential micronutrient of phytoplankton. Iron plays an important role in many biological processes such as nitrogen assimilation, N2 fixation, photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport, and porphyrin biosynthesis. Therefore, the regulation effects of iron should be considered besides nitrogen and phosphorus during the treatment of eutrophication lakes process. Remote sensing technology has been recognized as an effective measure in monitoring eutrophicated water bodies which could be used to timely monitor the distribution and growth status of algal on a large scale. The iron concentration fluctuation may have an important influence on the metabolic activity of the algal cells, and the spectral reflectivity could reflect the physiological characteristics of algal. The relationship between land features and their spectral characteristics is important for the interpretation of remote sensing images. Studies of algal spectral propertises under different iron-supply would be meaningful for determining the bloom and developing the remote sensing warning system of lake eutrophication. In the present paper, the effects of iron on the growth of algal and the advances in studies of algal spectrum are summarized based on the iron hypothesis. Furthermore, the application of spectral properties of algal under different iron-supply in early-warning mechanism of lake eutrophication is prospected.

[Determination of amorphous iron oxides in soil by hydroxylamine extraction-spectrophotometry].

Amorphous iron oxides in soil were determined by hydroxylamine extraction-spectrophotometry. The results showed that hydroxylamrnine extraction eliminates interference of magnetite and the defect of results being on the high side was overcome to a certain degree compared with oxalic acid-oxalic acid ammonium extraction. The hydroxylamine extraction-spectrophotometry for the detection of amorphous iron oxides in soil was highly precise (relative standard deviation was less than 2.0%) and highly reliable (recovery rates ranged from 97.5% to 101.5%). Other advantages of the method were rapidness,simplicity and a shorter chromogenic time. In addition, soil incubated anaerobically at constant temperature under laboratory condition was investigated. The results suggested that iron reduction rates during initiation, rapid reaction and steady phases in the soil samples anaerobic incubation were 0.030-0.053, 0.186-0.333 and 0.015-0.030 g x d(-1) x kg(-1), respectively. Significant relationship between the concentrations of hydroxylamine extraction iron and iron reduction rates during rapid reaction phase in soil incubation (r= 0.9907, p<0.01) indicated that hydroxylamine had a higher degree of selectivity in amorphous iron oxides extraction than oxalic acid-oxalic acid ammonium extraction.

[Study on the spectrum response of Brassica Campestris L leaf to the zinc pollution].

In the present paper, the spectrum response of Brassica Campestris L leaf to the stress of heavy metal zinc pollution was studied in three spectral rangess of the red edge position (680-740 nm), the visible spectrum (460-680 nm) and the near infrared spectrum (750-1000 nm). The results indicate that the Zn content in cabbage leaves increases and the chlorophyll level reduces with the increase in Zn concentration in soil. With the Zn content of Brassica Campestris L leaves increasing, the leaf spectral reflectivity in visible light (A1) and the range of red edge shift (S) ascends, the the leaf spectral reflectivity in the near infrared light (A2) decreases. The three indices of A1, A2 and S are fitted much linearly with the logarithm of zinc content in Brassica Campestris L leaves with the high squared regression coefficients of 0.942, 0.981 and 0.969 respectively. The regression models are reliable to estimate the zinc content in Brassica Campestris L leaves.

[Studies of relationships between Cu pollution and spectral characteristics of TritiZnm aestivum L].

The effect of Cu pollution on the Cu uptake by wheat, the characteristics of chlorophyll concentration, and the visible-near infrared spectra were studied under the condition of solution culture, and the relationships among the three indices were discussed. The results indicate that the content of Cu in TritiZnm aestivum L. increases and the concentration of chlorophyll reduces with the increase of Cu in solution. The spectral characteristics also take on the disciplinary diversification (the spectral reflectivity ascended in the visible light band and decreased in the near infrared band; the range of red edge shift decreased) with the increase of Cu in solution.