RESUMO
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease affects a large part of the population with hypertension, diabetes mellitus as well as those over 50 years of age. Research reported that male sex and other comorbidities such as obesity and anemia are more frequent in Chronic kidney disease, as well as uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or hypertension. Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with the development of chronic kidney disease in adults with arterial hypertension. Material and Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 455 patients with hypertension treated in a primary health care hospital. Medical records and laboratory information were reviewed for the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease and its staging. Patients aged 40 years and older, of both sexes and evaluated between the years 2015 -2017 were included. Logistic regression analysis allowed the identification of risk factors associated with the development of chronic kidney disease. Results: 63.7% were female and 36.3% male. The average age for 2015 was 69.79 ± 9.03, more than half of participants had diabetes mellitus and controlled hypertension and the predominant nephroprotection was with Losartan (53%) that year. Male sex (OR 1.68, CI 1.03-2,76), age: 60 years or older (OR 6.38, CI 2.65-15,37) and anemia (OR 1.71, CI 1.03-2,85), were risk factors for the development of chronic kidney disease (p < 0.05), whereas nephroprotection (OR 0.39, CI 0.18-0,88) and controlled diabetes mellitus (OR: 0.18, CI 0.07-0,47) were shown to be protective factors (p < 0.05). The prevalence of chronic kidney disease between 2015 and 2017 was 19% and 45%, respectively, with predominance of category G2. The comparison group is the same cohort analyzed in each year under study. Conclusion: Male sex, age over 60 years, and anemia are risk factors for chronic kidney disease. Nephroprotection, controlled diabetes mellitus, and patient follow-up are factors that prevent its development.
RESUMO
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en el Hospital I Albrecht de EsSALUD en La Libertad durante el 2008 para conocer el perfil clínico epidemiológico de la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). La población fue de 1291 pacientes con hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus II o ambas patologías. Se utilizó la ficha epidemiológica del servicio y la fórmula de Cockcroft Gault (CG) para determinar los estadios de la ERC. La edad promedio fue 67 +/- 11.49 años, con predominio del género femenino y el grupo de 61 a 80 años. El 32.69% de la población en estudio no tuvieron antecedentes familiares de las patologías ya descritas, en tanto que 29.2% tuvo antecedentes familiares de HTA, 16.3% antecedente de DMII y 11.31% de ambas patologías, 1.78% de ERC + HTA, y 1.47% de ERC + DMII. Los antecedentes personales más frecuentes fueron la obesidad, el uso de AINES y el tabaquismo. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue HTA con 71.18% seguido de DMII con 16,57%; y 12,25% con ambas patologías. %). La prevalencia de ERC en la población estudiada fue de 37%, predominando el estadio 3 (41%) y el estadio 2 (34%). Del total de estos pacientes, 78% tienen HTA y más del 80% de ellos tiene nefroprotección, siendo el fármaco más utilizado el Enalapril.
We conducted a descriptive study in the Albrecht's Hospital of EsSALUD, La Libertad in 2008 to meet the clinical epidemiology profile of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The population was 1291 patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus II, or both diseases. We used epidemiological record of service and Cockcroft Gault (CG) to determine the stages of CKD. The average age was 67 +/- 11.49 years, and predominantly female and the group of 61 to 80 years. The 32.69% of the population under study had no family history of the diseases described above, while 29.2% had family history of hypertension, history of NIDDM 16.3% and 11.31% of both conditions, 1.78% of ERC + AHT, and 1.47 % of CKD + NIDDM. The most common antecedents were obesity, NSAID use and smoking. The most frequent diagnosis was hypertension with 71.18%, NIDDM with 16.57% and 12.25% with both conditions. The prevalence of CKD in the study population was 37%, predominantly stage 3 (41%) and stage 2 (34%). Of all these patients, 78% have hypertension and more than 80% have nephroprotection, being the most widely used drug Enalapril.
