Assessment of severity of acute pancreatitis in a Sars-CoV-2 pandemia.

HUMAN AND ANIMAL RIGHTS: Every patient has given permission for publication of information from the medical history as long as it is used for medical research purposes. INFORMED CONSENT: Informed consent was obtained from all the individual participants of the study.

Captive bottlenose dolphins and killer whales harbor a species-specific skin microbiota that varies among individuals.

Marine animals surfaces host diverse microbial communities, which play major roles for host's health. Most inventories of marine animal surface microbiota have focused on corals and fishes, while cetaceans remain overlooked. The few studies focused on wild cetaceans, making difficult to distinguish intrinsic inter- and/or intraspecific variability in skin microbiota from environmental effects. We used high-throughput sequencing to assess the skin microbiota from 4 body zones of 8 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and killer whales (Orcinus orca), housed in captivity (Marineland park, France). Overall, cetacean skin microbiota is more diverse than planktonic communities and is dominated by different phylogenetic lineages and functions. In addition, the two cetacean species host different skin microbiotas. Within each species, variability was higher between individuals than between body parts, suggesting a high individuality of cetacean skin microbiota. Overall, the skin microbiota of the assessed cetaceans related more to the humpback whale and fishes' than to microbiotas of terrestrial mammals.

Popular pharmaceutical residues in hospital wastewater: quantification and qualification of degradation products by mass spectroscopy after treatment with membrane bioreactor.

The occurrence of drugs in wastewater has been considered an imminent risk to the population, for the treatments used are usually ineffective. The presence of four popular drug residues (metformin, paracetamol, tetracycline, and enalapril) in hospital effluents, by using ultra-fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS) with electrospray (ESI) ionization, and removal/degradation by membrane bioreactor (MBR) system are investigated in this study. For analysis method, all standard calibration curves showed satisfactory linearity (R (2) ≥ 0.993) within a relatively wide range. The recovery was between 70.4 and 105.0 %, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) values were within the ranges of 8.2 and 13.5 %. The effluent samples were collected at the end of the process treated in a bench-scale MBR treatment system and preconcentrated on solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. Following that procedure, the chemical analysis demonstrated that the MBR system was effective in enalapril 94.3 ± 7.63 %, tetracycline 99.4 ± 0.02 %, and paracetamol 98.8 ± 0.86 % removal. However, the polar metformin was less effectively removed (35.4 ± 12.49 %). Moreover, the degradation products were investigated using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) by quadrupole-time of flight (Q-TOF), which has been indicated a tetracycline metabolite. In order to investigate the environmental impact, the wastewater potential risk was evaluated. The risk quotient (RQ) by measure environmental concentration (MEC) and its predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) ratio (RQ = MEC/PNEC) was between 0.003 (enalapril) to 0.815 (paracetamol). Finally, this work demonstrates that UFLC-MS/MS (ESI-Q) is a sensitive and selective method for drug analysis in wastewater and with ESI-Q-TOF has the accuracy required for determining the degradation products of these compounds. Also, it indicated that membrane bioreactor systems represent a new generation of processes that have proved to outperform conventional treatment showing better effluent quality. The removal capacity studied in this work demonstrates the efficiency of this process.

Agaricus blazei Murrill and inflammatory mediators in elderly women: a randomized clinical trial.

There is scientific evidence to suggest that the medicinal mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill (AbM) has immunomodulatory effects on cytokine synthesis, both in vitro and in vivo. This study was the first randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial designed to investigate these purported actions in elderly women. The objective of this study was to ascertain the effects of AbM intake on serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in community-living seniors. The sample consisted of 57 elderly females who were carriers or homozygous for the majority allele of functional polymorphisms for the chosen cytokines. Subjects were randomly allocated to receive placebo (n = 29) or AbM dry extract (n = 28), 900 mg/day for 60 days. Body mass index, abdominal girth, body composition, blood pressure and cytokine (IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) levels were measured, and food intake was assessed as a possible confounder. Analysis of these parameters showed the sample was characterized by overweight and excess adiposity. After the study period, no changes from baseline were detectable for any parameter in either group. In this study, AbM extract had no modulating effect on IL-6, IFN-γ or TNF-α levels in elderly females.

An antifungal peptide from passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) seeds with similarities to 2S albumin proteins.

An actual worldwide problem consists of an expressive increase of economic losses and health problems caused by fungi. In order to solve this problem, several studies have been concentrating on the screening of novel plant defence peptides with antifungal activities. These peptides are commonly characterized by having low molecular masses and cationic charges. This present work reports on the purification and characterization of a novel plant peptide of 5.0 kDa, Pe-AFP1, purified from the seeds of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis). Purification was achieved using a Red-Sepharose Cl-6B affinity column followed by reversed-phase chromatography on Vydac C18-TP column. In vitro assays indicated that Pe-AFP1 was able of inhibiting the development of the filamentous fungi Trichoderma harzianum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Aspergillus fumigatus with IC50 values of 32, 34, and 40 microg ml(-1), respectively, but not of Rhyzoctonia solani, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Candida albicans. This protein was also subjected to automated N-terminal amino acid sequence, showing high degree of similarities to storage 2S albumins, adding a new member to this protein-defence family. The discovery of Pe-AFP1 could contribute, in a near future, to the development of biotechnological products as antifungal drugs and transgenic plants with enhanced resistance to pathogenic fungi.

Intraoperative anaphylaxis: verba volant, scripta manent!

We describe a case of intraoperative gelatine-induced anaphylaxis whose diagnosis was delayed as the use of gelatine during surgical procedures was omitted for two times in patient's medical records. The subject is a 66-year old woman, with a negative medical history of atopy, food and drug allergy, with arterial hypertension on a course of beta-blockers and with bladder carcinoma requiring surgery. The patient had tolerated both general and local anaesthesia on several previous occasions. On the first occasion she experienced arterial fibrillation secondary to a severe episode of hypotension following local anaesthesia, while on a course of beta-blockers. On the second occasion she developed a very severe episode of hypotension followed by the outbreak of a generalised rash during general anaesthesia. The tryptase sera level was 109 mg/L one hour after the reaction had subsided, while the basal values were normal. On the third occasion the patient redeveloped severe hypotension and a generalised rash during general anaesthesia. The allergological work-up was negative, except for intradermal test with gelatine. A study of the intra-cellular cytokines in blood lymphocytes showed a production of IL4 from CD4+ lymphocytes after stimulation by gelatine. The patient underwent a successive surgical procedure without any adverse event.

Water quality for aquaculture development in Bahía Blanca estuary, Argentina. Bacteriological studies.

The present bacteriological report is part of an institutional multidisciplinary research project designed to study the factibility of using a tidal channel, located in the southern part of the Canal Principal in Bahía Blanca Estuary for aquaculture. Three sampling stations were located. Samples were taken in six opportunities from both water and sediments. Bacteriological studies from water included quantification of heterotrophic marine bacteria, heterotrophic terrestrial bacteria, total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Escherichia coli and hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were quantified from sediments. It is important to include the latter physiological group since their size reflects the presence and fluctuations of this type of pollutant in the environment. The evaluation of faecal indicator values leads to the conclusion that the organic matter present in the studied area, does not come directly from the domestic sewage. The bacteriological data suggest that the studied area would be suitable for aquaculture. Nevertheless, further monitorings contributing to detected modifications in the present bacteriological conditions are recommended.

Water quality for aquaculture development in Bahía Blanca estuary, Argentina. Bacteriological studies

El presente estudio bacteriológico forma parte de un proyecto de investigación institucional multidisciplinario. Tiene por objetivo estudiar la factibilidad de utilizar para acuicultura, un canal de marea, localizado al sur del Canal Principal del Estuario de Bahía Blanca. Se establecieron tres estaciones de muestreo a las que se accedió en seis oportunidades. De cada una de ellas se extrajeron muestras de agua subsuperficial y sedimentos superficiales. En las aguas se cuantificaron bacterias heterótrofas marinas, bacterias heterótrofas terrestres, coliformes totales, Escherichia coli y Pseudomonas aeruginosa, y en los sedimentos Escherichia coli y bacterias degradadoras de hidrocarburos. Se considera importante la inclusión de este último grupo fisiológico debido a que refleja la presencia y fluctuaciones de este tipo de contaminante en el ambiente. La evaluación de los resultados de los indicadores fecales lleva a concluir que la materia orgánica, presente en la zona, no llega directamente de los desagües cloacales que afectan otras áreas del estuario. A partir de los resultados bacteriológicos se considera factible el empleo de la zona estudiada, si bien se deberían continuar los monitoreos a fin de detectar cualquier modificación en las condiciones bacteriológicas actuales

Water quality for aquaculture development in Bahía Blanca estuary, Argentina. Bacteriological studies

El presente estudio bacteriológico forma parte de un proyecto de investigación institucional multidisciplinario. Tiene por objetivo estudiar la factibilidad de utilizar para acuicultura, un canal de marea, localizado al sur del Canal Principal del Estuario de Bahía Blanca. Se establecieron tres estaciones de muestreo a las que se accedió en seis oportunidades. De cada una de ellas se extrajeron muestras de agua subsuperficial y sedimentos superficiales. En las aguas se cuantificaron bacterias heterótrofas marinas, bacterias heterótrofas terrestres, coliformes totales, Escherichia coli y Pseudomonas aeruginosa, y en los sedimentos Escherichia coli y bacterias degradadoras de hidrocarburos. Se considera importante la inclusión de este último grupo fisiológico debido a que refleja la presencia y fluctuaciones de este tipo de contaminante en el ambiente. La evaluación de los resultados de los indicadores fecales lleva a concluir que la materia orgánica, presente en la zona, no llega directamente de los desag³es cloacales que afectan otras áreas del estuario. A partir de los resultados bacteriológicos se considera factible el empleo de la zona estudiada, si bien se deberían continuar los monitoreos a fin de detectar cualquier modificación en las condiciones bacteriológicas actuales(AU)

Water quality for aquaculture development in Bahía Blanca estuary, Argentina. Bacteriological studies.

The present bacteriological report is part of an institutional multidisciplinary research project designed to study the factibility of using a tidal channel, located in the southern part of the Canal Principal in Bahía Blanca Estuary for aquaculture. Three sampling stations were located. Samples were taken in six opportunities from both water and sediments. Bacteriological studies from water included quantification of heterotrophic marine bacteria, heterotrophic terrestrial bacteria, total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Escherichia coli and hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were quantified from sediments. It is important to include the latter physiological group since their size reflects the presence and fluctuations of this type of pollutant in the environment. The evaluation of faecal indicator values leads to the conclusion that the organic matter present in the studied area, does not come directly from the domestic sewage. The bacteriological data suggest that the studied area would be suitable for aquaculture. Nevertheless, further monitorings contributing to detected modifications in the present bacteriological conditions are recommended.

Estudio bacteriológico de aguas marinas para uso recreacional / Bacteriological surveillance of a seawater swimming pool

A fin de decidir la habilitación de una pileta de agua de mar destinada a uso recreacional, la Municipalidad de Bahía Blanca solicitó determinar la calidad bacteriológica de sus aguas. Esto se debió a que la pileta se abastece con agua de la bahía Blanca, que en ese sector del Canal Principal no es apta para baño, como se pudo comprobar en estudios anteriores. Durante tres temporadas estivales se efectuó un estudio integral de las aguas que alimentan la pileta y un monitoreo de la misma. La caracterización se hizo mediante la cuantificación de los grupos bacterianos de heterótrofas aerobias viables, de origen marino y terrestre, coliformes totales, Escherichia coli y Pseudomonas productoras de fluorescencia. Se registraron: temperatura, salinidad, pH del agua y parámetros meteorológicos. En todos los casos los recuentos de indicadores de contaminación fecal, tanto del agua ingresante como de los controles realizados en piletas, estuvieron por debajo de los estándares más rigurosos que existen a nivel mundial para aguas de baño. El trabajo pone en evidencia que en este sistema de planicies de marea no es válida la extrapolación de resultados, y que las condiciones actuales se mantendrán mientras no se produzcan alteraciones en la zona que tiene influencia sobre las planicies de marea adyacentes al balneario

Estudio bacteriológico de aguas marinas para uso recreacional / Bacteriological surveillance of a seawater swimming pool

A fin de decidir la habilitación de una pileta de agua de mar destinada a uso recreacional, la Municipalidad de Bahía Blanca solicitó determinar la calidad bacteriológica de sus aguas. Esto se debió a que la pileta se abastece con agua de la bahía Blanca, que en ese sector del Canal Principal no es apta para baño, como se pudo comprobar en estudios anteriores. Durante tres temporadas estivales se efectuó un estudio integral de las aguas que alimentan la pileta y un monitoreo de la misma. La caracterización se hizo mediante la cuantificación de los grupos bacterianos de heterótrofas aerobias viables, de origen marino y terrestre, coliformes totales, Escherichia coli y Pseudomonas productoras de fluorescencia. Se registraron: temperatura, salinidad, pH del agua y parámetros meteorológicos. En todos los casos los recuentos de indicadores de contaminación fecal, tanto del agua ingresante como de los controles realizados en piletas, estuvieron por debajo de los estándares más rigurosos que existen a nivel mundial para aguas de baño. El trabajo pone en evidencia que en este sistema de planicies de marea no es válida la extrapolación de resultados, y que las condiciones actuales se mantendrán mientras no se produzcan alteraciones en la zona que tiene influencia sobre las planicies de marea adyacentes al balneario (AU)

[Bacteriological study of seawater for recreational use]. / Estudio bacteriológico de aguas marinas para uso recreacional.

A study was conducted at the request of the authorities of the Municipality of Bahía Blanca city, in order to decide whether the sea-water of a swimming pool was suitable for recreational purposes. The characterization of the water was performed through bacteriological indicators and the following groups of bacteria were studied: marine and terrestrial viable aerobic heterotrophic bacteria; total coliforms; Escherichia coli and fluorescent Pseudomonads. Salinity, temperature and pH were registered together with meteorological parameters. In every case, the bacteriological values obtained were lower than those of the most strict international standards used worldwide for bathing waters. In this way, the particular dynamic processing of the water entering the swimming pool from Blanca Bay becomes important, since previous studies conducted on the water of its Principal Channel had yielded high bacteriological values which rendered it unsuitable for bathing. This work shows that in this tidal-flats system, extrapolation of results is not valid. These conditions will remain the same if other factors do not change in the tidal-flats that surround the swimming pool.

Estudio bacteriológico de aguas marinas para uso recreacional. / [Bacteriological study of seawater for recreational use]

A study was conducted at the request of the authorities of the Municipality of Bahía Blanca city, in order to decide whether the sea-water of a swimming pool was suitable for recreational purposes. The characterization of the water was performed through bacteriological indicators and the following groups of bacteria were studied: marine and terrestrial viable aerobic heterotrophic bacteria; total coliforms; Escherichia coli and fluorescent Pseudomonads. Salinity, temperature and pH were registered together with meteorological parameters. In every case, the bacteriological values obtained were lower than those of the most strict international standards used worldwide for bathing waters. In this way, the particular dynamic processing of the water entering the swimming pool from Blanca Bay becomes important, since previous studies conducted on the water of its Principal Channel had yielded high bacteriological values which rendered it unsuitable for bathing. This work shows that in this tidal-flats system, extrapolation of results is not valid. These conditions will remain the same if other factors do not change in the tidal-flats that surround the swimming pool.

[Sleep disorders in patients in recovery. Preliminary results in 20 patients]. / I disturbi del sonno nei pazienti in rianimazione. Risultati preliminari su 20 pazienti studiati.

Various aspects of the critically ill patient sharing pain, physical distress, anxiety, environmental components, predispose him to develop some sleep disorders (SD). We studied 20 conscious patients, age 16-80 (mean 48.15 SD of mean +/- 25), undergoing ICU mean 14.3 days (SD of mean +/- 7.5), to evaluate SD rate and their possible leading causes. Through Spearman Rank test SD was related to Apache II score, admission state anxiety, satisfactory sedation, days of ICU stay and age respectively. Conclusive results showed SD rate in all our patients. Excepted a statistical trend to significativity of SD versus satisfactory sedation: RS 0.311 (threshold value for 20 patients: 0.377), no relation was found between SD and data recorded. These preliminary results emphasize the importance of looking for SD in ICU patients though many factors may play a role to develop them.

[Rhabdomyolysis in meningoencephalitis caused by echovirus]. / Rabdomiolisi in corso di meningoencefalite da echo virus.

We report one case of atraumatic rhabdomyolysis associated with Echo group viral encephalitis, not complicated by acute renal failure. Clinical and bio-humoral outlines are described, characterized by favourable evolution despite high muscular enzymatic peaks. We emphasize that the positive course is probably due to the early institution of prophylactic measures, and that, anyway, the subject still remains exposed to major rhabdomyolysis risk in the presence of stress factors, including general anesthesia.

Development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats exposed to acute hypobaric hypoxia. - Studies with protein synthesis inhibitors.

The study is based on the experimental model of myocardial hypertrophy in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley adult rats were exposed to acute hypoxia in a hypobaric chamber (0.40 atmospheres of air for 24 hours). Myocardial hypertrophy was detected by wet and dry heart weight values when calculated on the basis of total body weight; i.e., ratio heart weight in mg to body weight in 100 g. The behaviour of myocardial hypertrophy was assessed after treatment of intact animals with Puromycin (10 mg/rat i.p.) or Actinomycin-D (100 micrograms/rat i.p.). The experimental results showed the following dry heart weight values (mean +/- SEM): room pressure 60.5 +/- 1.5; hypoxia 69.2 +/- 0.9; Actinomycin-D + hypoxia 63.5 +/- 0.6; Puromycin + hypoxia 62.4 +/- 1.5, (P less than 0.001). From the comparison of data reveals that inhibitors of protein synthesis completely inhibit the myocardial hypertrophy due to hypoxia. Thus it is documented that acute hypobaric hypoxia is able to induce in the rat an actual myocardial hypertrophy condition as expressed of the enhanced protein synthesis.