Resveratrol reduction of infarct size in Long-Evans rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia.

Resveratrol is found in a wide variety of plant species. It is present in the seeds and skin of grapes and constitutes one of the major components of red wine. This study was undertaken to evaluate whether resveratrol could effectively suppress infarct size from the damaging effects of focal cerebral ischemia. The middle cerebral artery was occluded for 1 hr and 24 hr reperfusion in anesthetized Long-Evans rats. In pretreatment or treatment groups, resveratrol, at dosages of 10(-6), 10(-7), 10(-8) and 10(-9) g/kg, was intravenous injected 15 minutes before middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion or when the common carotid arteries clips were removed respectively. Pretreatment or treatment of resveratrol (10(-6), 10(-7), 10(-8) and 10(-9) g/kg) did not produce any changes in pH, blood gases, heart rate or mean arterial blood pressure, but it significantly reduced the total volume of infarction at the doses 10(-6) and 10(-7) g/kg. Our study suggests resveratrol is a potent neuroprotective agent in focal cerebral ischemia. Its beneficial effects may be related to its anti-platelet aggregation activity, vasodilating effect, antioxidant property or by all mechanisms together.

Neuroprotective effect of hexasulfobutylated C60 on rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia.

The effects of hexasulfobutylated C60 (FC4S), a free radical remover, on the total volume infarct size elicited by the damaging effects of focal cerebral ischemia were studied on Long-Evans rats in vivo. FC4S was administered intravenously either 15 min before middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion (pretreatment groups) or it was injected when the common carotid arteries clips were removed (treatment groups). FC4S did not alter the pH, blood gases, heart rate, or mean arterial blood pressure in either pretreatment or treatment groups of the rats. However, after administration of FC4S at dosages of 10 and 100 microg/kg, the total volume of infarction was significantly reduced in both pretreatment and treatment groups. In addition, after FC4S administration, the nitric oxide (NO) content in plasma was increased and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels was decreased. It is concluded that FC4S may be used as a neuroprotective agent on focal cerebral ischemia. The beneficial effects may be partly related to its antioxidant property and to the upregulation of NO production of the compound.

Intravenous pretreatment with magnolol protects myocardium against stunning.

Magnolol, an antioxidant, has been reported to possess various protective effects on the cardiovascular system. However, its effect on myocardial stunning has not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antistunning effect of magnolol by evaluating the recovery of regional myocardial function after 10-minute coronary artery occlusion in anesthetized, open-chest rabbits. There was no significant hemodynamic change after intravenous infusion of magnolol. Systolic wall thickening fraction (WThF) measured with an epicardial Doppler sensor in animals pretreated with normal saline and vehicle solution remained significantly depressed (60 +/- 7% and 77 +/- 4% of baseline WThF, respectively) 3 hours after coronary artery reperfusion (CAR). Pretreatment with magnolol (10(-7) and 10(-6) g/kg, intravenous infusion) significantly enhanced the recovery of systolic wall thickening fraction (98 +/- 1 and 99 +/- 1% of baseline WThF, respectively) 60 minutes after CAR. This study demonstrated that intravenous pretreatment with magnolol protected myocardium against stunning.

Plasty of tendon with dura mater. Experimental study.

The authors present an experimental study of 30 rats, in which human dura mater preserved in glycerin was used to repair gaps in the Achilles tendon. The animals were killed 8 weeks after the surgery and evaluated by gross and microscopic examination. The results showed that the dura mater did not cause foreign-body reactions or adhesions and was surrounded by concentric layers of fibroblasts and collagen fibers, suggesting that it could be employed as a substitute for damaged tendons.

[Innervation of the heart from an abdominal plexus in man]. / Inervação do coração a partir de um plexo abdominal no homem.

The authors studied 43 necropsy specimens from adult individual by dissection under a stereomicroscope and by staining methods (Cajal-De Castro and Palmgren silver impregnations, Kluver Barrera and Pal-Weigert for myelinated fibers, and van Gieson and Azan trichromic methods). They suggest the presence of a direct nervous connection between the hepatic plexus (celiac plexus) and the high atrium via the left branches of the hepatic artery and portal vein, venous ligament, left hepatic vein, and v. cava inferior, passing through the foramen for the v. cava. This connection is made by very fine nerves from the upper part of the venous ligament until the left atrium, which generally are only visible on the microscopic level.

A nervous connection between the hepatic plexus and right atrium in man.

The authors studied 43 necropsy specimens from adult individuals by dissection under a stereomicroscope and by staining methods (Cajal-De Castro and Palmgren silver impregnations, Kl uver Barrera and Pal-Weigert for the myelinated fibers, and Van Gieson and Azan trichromic methods). They suggest the presence of a direct nervous connection between the hepatic plexus (celiac plexus) and the right atrium via the left branches of the hepatic artery and portal vein, venous ligament, left hepatic vein, and V. cava inferior, passing through the foramen for the V. cava. This connection is made by very fine nerves from the upper part of the venous ligament until the left atrium, which generally are only visible on the microscopic level.

The relationships between the small saphenous vein and the common peroneal and tibial nerves in adult females: surgical and ethnic anatomy.

Sao comparadas as medidas das distancias entre a veia safena parva e os nervos fibular comum e tibial, na regiao posterior do joelho, em individuos adultos, melanodermos e leucodermos, do sexo feminino.Sao apontados tambem os locais em que a veia se encontra mais proxima desses nervos e que podem ser considerados como criticos em relacao a lesoes dos nervos

Divisao precoce do nervo laringeo recorrente e ramo comunicante com o nervo laringeo superior, no homem: estudo etnico e anatomo-cirurgico. / Early division of recurrent laryngeal nerve and anastomotic branch with superior laryngeal nerve in man: ethnic and anatomo-surgical study

E feito um estudo comparativo sobre a frequencia de divisao precoce do nervo laringeo recorrente e do seu ramo comunicante com o nervo laringeo superior, entre individuos masculinos e femininos e entre melanodermos e leucodermos. A analise estatistica (teste do X2) mostrou diferenca significante apenas entre melanodermos e leucodermos relativamente a frequencia de divisao precoce do nervo laringeo recorrente (sendo mais frequente nos melanodermos). Sao apresentados tambem, em esquemas, os aspectos mais comumente encontrados do ramo comunicante entre os nervos laringeos superior e recorrente