RESUMO
The biomass of halophytic microalga Tetraselmis sp. with 16%w/w solids was converted into biocrude by a hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process in a batch reactor at different temperatures (310, 330, 350 and 370°C) and reaction times (5, 15, 30, 45 and 60min). The biocrude yield, elemental composition, energy density and severity parameter obtained at various reaction conditions were used to predict the optimum condition for maximum recovery of biocrude with improved quality. This study clearly indicated that the operating condition for obtaining maximum biocrude yield and ideal quality biocrude for refining were different. A maximum biocrude yield of â¼65wt% ash free dry weight (AFDW) was obtained at 350°C and 5min, with a severity parameter and energy density of 5.21 and â¼35MJ/kg, respectively. The treatment with 45min reaction time recorded â¼62wt% (AFDW) yield of biocrude with and energy density of â¼39MJ/kg and higher severity parameter of 7.53.
Assuntos
Biocombustíveis/análise , Biotecnologia/métodos , Clorófitas/metabolismo , Microalgas/metabolismo , Biocombustíveis/microbiologia , Biocombustíveis/estatística & dados numéricos , Biomassa , Carbono/metabolismo , Metais/análise , Modelos Biológicos , Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Temperatura , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
This paper investigated the effect of cell rupturing methods on the drying characteristics and the lipid compositions of a green algae consortium grown in an open raceway pond. The ruptured microalgae samples obtained from French press, autoclave and sonication methods were used for conducting thin layer drying experiment at four drying temperatures (30, 50, 70 and 90 °C). The rate of moisture removal at each drying condition was recorded until no change in moisture loss. A typical drying curve for a microalgae consortium indicated that the rate of drying was limited by diffusion. Among three drying models (Newton, Page and Henderson-Pabis) used to fit the drying data, Page model fitted well on the experimental drying data with a coefficient of determination (R(2)) of 0.99. Solvent extraction of French press ruptured cells produced the highest total lipid yield with no significant change in lipid compositions.
Assuntos
Dessecação/métodos , Lipídeos/química , Microalgas/química , Microalgas/citologia , Análise de Variância , Difusão , Ácidos Graxos/análise , TemperaturaRESUMO
As far as we are aware, right-sided bacterial endocarditis has not previously been described as presenting with systemic illness and testicular swelling. We report a teenager who presented with this unusual combination as a consequence of right-sided endocarditis. He presented with high fever, with chills and rigor, along with painful enlargement of the left testicle, a productive cough with progressive breathlessness, and joint pains. His blood culture was positive for Staphylococcus aureus, and a computerised tomographic scan of the chest revealed multiple pulmonary emboluses. Ultrasound of the testicles showed features of inflammation, and an echocardiogram revealed a vegetation on the tricuspid valve.