Avaliação anatomopatológica de testículos de bovinos(Bos taurus) superprecoces submetidos a imunocastração / Anatomopathological evaluation of young bulls (Bos taurus) testicles submitted to immunocastration

Background: Immunocastration is a less invasive and painless procedure compared to surgical castration, which causesgreater stress to animals, especially when performed improperly. Immunocastration stimulates the production of antibodiesagainst Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH), temporarily blocking the hormone production by the male gonads.Anatomopathological evaluation of animals submitted to immunocastration with the establishment of different degrees oftesticular degeneration helps to evaluate the efficacy of the different dose ranges used for this procedure. Because of thescarcity of information about this procedure in young bulls, the study aimed to compare the immunocastrated and noncastrated animals.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen Angus-Limousin bulls were used from weaning (7±1 months) to slaughtering(15±1 months) with the establishment of two groups composed of nine non-castrated (NC) and nine immunocastrated (IC)animals. In the IC group, three doses of GnRH synthesis inhibitor vaccine (Bopriva®) were applied on days 0 (weaning),87 and 223. At slaughter, scrotal circumference, weight (kg), width (cm), length (cm) and total size (width x length) of thetesticles were obtained, then were routinely processed for histopathological analysis. Four degrees of testicular degeneration was established: grade 0 (no changes), grade 1 (mild), grade 2 (moderate) and grade 3 (severe). Statistical analysiswas performed using Students t-test to compare the means of macroscopic variables. The scrotal circumference startedto decrease in the IC animals on day 132, with a certain growth from day 194. There was a significant difference betweenthe two groups for width (P = 0.001), length (P = 0.004), total size (P = 0.003) and scrotal circumference (P = 0.04).Testicles of the IC group tended to be lighter (P = 0.06)...(AU)

Aspectos qualitativos da carcaça e carne ovina são modificados com uso de aspersão de água / Qualitative aspects of the carcass and ovine meat are modified with the use of water spray

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar os aspectos qualitativos da carne ovina, após a submissão ou não de 20 carcaças à aspersão de água. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento em bloco ao acaso, com dois tratamentos com dez carcaças cada e dez repetições. As carcaças foram submetidas e não submetidas à aspersão de água por 10 horas consecutivas em câmara fria. As análises de qualidade instrumental da carne foram determinadas nos músculos Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL), e ocorreram em dois períodos distintos, inicialmente dentro do período de 24 horas post mortem e após 7 meses de congelamento não industrial. Foram analisados pH, coloração de carne e gordura subcutânea, perda por cocção, capacidade de retenção de água, atividade de água, comprimento de sarcômero, força de cisalhamento e medidas corporais da carcaça. Além destas, foram incluídas a mensurações subjetivas de cor e marmoreio e a análise microbiológica (Escherichia coli). Após as análises, foi observado que nas carcaças aspergidas, o músculo LTL modificou o croma dentro de 24 horas post mortem e a tonalidade após o congelamento (7 meses). Além destes, houve aumento na contagem microbiológica (5,9 x 10¹ e 4,3 x 10² UFC/cm²) e no rendimento frigorífico (48,77; 46,28 kg). Contudo, houve maior perda no resfriamento (4,87; 3,27%). Para carcaças não aspergidas, houve maior declínio de pH 2 horas post mortem (pH 6,9) e menor pH final após 24 horas (pH 5,6). Entretanto, após o congelamento não houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre os tratamentos. Para as outras análises não foi constatada diferença significativa. O uso ou não de aspersão por 10 horas consecutivas em carcaças ovinas, promove alterações indesejadas nos aspectos qualitativos da carcaça e carne. Neste sentido, não recomendamos o uso prolongado (10 horas) de aspersão em carcaças ovinas.

The objective of this research was to investigate the qualitative aspects of sheep meat, after the submission or not of 20 carcasses to water spray. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, with two treatments with ten carcasses each and ten replicates. The carcasses were submitted and not submitted to water sprinkling for 10 consecutive hours in a cold chamber. Instrumental meat quality analyzes were performed on the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscles, and occurred in two distinct periods, initially within the 24-hour post-mortem period and after 7 months of non-industrial freezing. The pH, meat and subcutaneous fat staining, cooking loss, water retention capacity, water activity, sarcomere length, shear force and body measurements of the carcass were analyzed. In addition to these, subjective color and marbling measurements and microbiological analysis (Escherichia coli) were included. After the analysis, it was observed that sputum carcasses, LTL muscle modified chroma within 24 hours post mortem and tonality after freezing (7 months). In addition, there was an increase in the microbiological count (5.9 x 10¹ and 4.3 x 10² UFC / cm²) and in the refrigerator yield (48.77, 46.28 kg). However, there was greater loss in cooling (4.87, 3.27%). And in for unprosted carcasses, there was a greater decline in pH 2 hours post mortem (pH 6.9) and lower final pH after 24 hours (pH 5.6). However, after freezing there was no significant difference (p<0.05) between treatments. For the other analyzes, no significant difference was found. The use or not of spraying for 10 consecutive hours in ovine carcasses, promotes unwanted changes in the qualitative aspects of the carcass and meat. In this sense, we do not recommend prolonged use (10 hours) of spraying on ovine carcasses.

Avaliação anatomopatológica de testículos de bovinos(Bos taurus) superprecoces submetidos a imunocastração / Anatomopathological evaluation of young bulls (Bos taurus) testicles submitted to immunocastration

Background: Immunocastration is a less invasive and painless procedure compared to surgical castration, which causesgreater stress to animals, especially when performed improperly. Immunocastration stimulates the production of antibodiesagainst Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH), temporarily blocking the hormone production by the male gonads.Anatomopathological evaluation of animals submitted to immunocastration with the establishment of different degrees oftesticular degeneration helps to evaluate the efficacy of the different dose ranges used for this procedure. Because of thescarcity of information about this procedure in young bulls, the study aimed to compare the immunocastrated and noncastrated animals.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen Angus-Limousin bulls were used from weaning (7±1 months) to slaughtering(15±1 months) with the establishment of two groups composed of nine non-castrated (NC) and nine immunocastrated (IC)animals. In the IC group, three doses of GnRH synthesis inhibitor vaccine (Bopriva®) were applied on days 0 (weaning),87 and 223. At slaughter, scrotal circumference, weight (kg), width (cm), length (cm) and total size (width x length) of thetesticles were obtained, then were routinely processed for histopathological analysis. Four degrees of testicular degeneration was established: grade 0 (no changes), grade 1 (mild), grade 2 (moderate) and grade 3 (severe). Statistical analysiswas performed using Student’s t-test to compare the means of macroscopic variables. The scrotal circumference startedto decrease in the IC animals on day 132, with a certain growth from day 194. There was a significant difference betweenthe two groups for width (P = 0.001), length (P = 0.004), total size (P = 0.003) and scrotal circumference (P = 0.04).Testicles of the IC group tended to be lighter (P = 0.06)...

Aspectos qualitativos da carcaça e carne ovina são modificados com uso de aspersão de água / Qualitative aspects of the carcass and ovine meat are modified with the use of water spray

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar os aspectos qualitativos da carne ovina, após a submissão ou não de 20 carcaças à aspersão de água. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento em bloco ao acaso, com dois tratamentos com dez carcaças cada e dez repetições. As carcaças foram submetidas e não submetidas à aspersão de água por 10 horas consecutivas em câmara fria. As análises de qualidade instrumental da carne foram determinadas nos músculos Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL), e ocorreram em dois períodos distintos, inicialmente dentro do período de 24 horas post mortem e após 7 meses de congelamento não industrial. Foram analisados pH, coloração de carne e gordura subcutânea, perda por cocção, capacidade de retenção de água, atividade de água, comprimento de sarcômero, força de cisalhamento e medidas corporais da carcaça. Além destas, foram incluídas a mensurações subjetivas de cor e marmoreio e a análise microbiológica (Escherichia coli). Após as análises, foi observado que nas carcaças aspergidas, o músculo LTL modificou o croma dentro de 24 horas post mortem e a tonalidade após o congelamento (7 meses). Além destes, houve aumento na contagem microbiológica (5,9 x 10¹ e 4,3 x 10² UFC/cm²) e no rendimento frigorífico (48,77; 46,28 kg). Contudo, houve maior perda no resfriamento (4,87; 3,27%). Para carcaças não aspergidas, houve maior declínio de pH 2 horas post mortem (pH 6,9) e menor pH final após 24 horas (pH 5,6). Entretanto, após o congelamento não houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre os tratamentos. Para as outras análises não foi constatada diferença significativa. O uso ou não de aspersão por 10 horas consecutivas em carcaças ovinas, promove alterações indesejadas nos aspectos qualitativos da carcaça e carne. Neste sentido, não recomendamos o uso prolongado (10 horas) de aspersão em carcaças ovinas.(AU)

The objective of this research was to investigate the qualitative aspects of sheep meat, after the submission or not of 20 carcasses to water spray. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, with two treatments with ten carcasses each and ten replicates. The carcasses were submitted and not submitted to water sprinkling for 10 consecutive hours in a cold chamber. Instrumental meat quality analyzes were performed on the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscles, and occurred in two distinct periods, initially within the 24-hour post-mortem period and after 7 months of non-industrial freezing. The pH, meat and subcutaneous fat staining, cooking loss, water retention capacity, water activity, sarcomere length, shear force and body measurements of the carcass were analyzed. In addition to these, subjective color and marbling measurements and microbiological analysis (Escherichia coli) were included. After the analysis, it was observed that sputum carcasses, LTL muscle modified chroma within 24 hours post mortem and tonality after freezing (7 months). In addition, there was an increase in the microbiological count (5.9 x 10¹ and 4.3 x 10² UFC / cm²) and in the refrigerator yield (48.77, 46.28 kg). However, there was greater loss in cooling (4.87, 3.27%). And in for unprosted carcasses, there was a greater decline in pH 2 hours post mortem (pH 6.9) and lower final pH after 24 hours (pH 5.6). However, after freezing there was no significant difference (p<0.05) between treatments. For the other analyzes, no significant difference was found. The use or not of spraying for 10 consecutive hours in ovine carcasses, promotes unwanted changes in the qualitative aspects of the carcass and meat. In this sense, we do not recommend prolonged use (10 hours) of spraying on ovine carcasses.(AU)

Gastrointestinal parasites in dairy cows present in farm show in western Santa Catarina, Brazil / Parasitos gastrintestinais em vacas leiteiras presentes em exposições agropecuárias na região oeste de Santa Catarina, Brasil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of gastrointestinal parasites in dairy cattle participants of farm show in western Santa Catarina, in order to know the situation of the animals exposed in these events. In three fairs of great expression of the western region of the state of Santa Catarina, that occurred in the years 2013 and 2014, were collected 153 samples feces of animal exposed, which were analyzed by the McMaster technique to check the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG). In the tests performed, was diagnosed 69 samples positive for parasites (45%), i.e., helminth eggs, coccidia oocysts, or mixed infections by helminthes (Strongylida order) and coccidia (Eimeria spp). Eggs Strongylidae family were identified as the parasites Trichostrongylus spp., Haemonchus spp., Teladorsagia spp., Cooperia spp., and Oesophagostomun spp. Therefore, cattle present in farm show, despite the required sanitary control and in some cases even with previous treatment, have infection gastrointestinal parasites.(AU)

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de parasitos gastrintestinais nos bovinos leiteiros participantes de feiras agropecuárias no oeste catarinense, com o intuito de conhecer a situação dos animais expostos nestes eventos. Durante três feiras de grande expressão da região oeste do estado de Santa Catarina, ocorridas nos anos de 2013 e 2014, foram coletadas 153 amostras de fezes de animais expostos, as quais foram analisadas pela técnica de McMaster para verificar o número de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG). Nos exames realizados, diagnosticou-se 69 amostras positivas para parasitos (45%), isto é, helmintos, coccídeos ou infecções mistas por ovos de helmintos da ordem Strongylida e oocistos de Eimeria spp. Os ovos da família Strongylida foram identificados como sendo dos parasitos Trichostrongylus spp., Haemonchus spp., Teladorsagia spp., Cooperia spp., e Oesophagostomun spp. Portanto, os bovinos presentes em feiras agropecuárias, apesar do controle sanitário requerido e alguns casos mesmo com tratamento prévio, apresentam infecção por parasitos gastrointestinais.(AU)

Gastrointestinal parasites in dairy cows present in farm show in western Santa Catarina, Brazil / Parasitos gastrintestinais em vacas leiteiras presentes em exposições agropecuárias na região oeste de Santa Catarina, Brasil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of gastrointestinal parasites in dairy cattle participants of farm show in western Santa Catarina, in order to know the situation of the animals exposed in these events. In three fairs of great expression of the western region of the state of Santa Catarina, that occurred in the years 2013 and 2014, were collected 153 samples feces of animal exposed, which were analyzed by the McMaster technique to check the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG). In the tests performed, was diagnosed 69 samples positive for parasites (45%), i.e., helminth eggs, coccidia oocysts, or mixed infections by helminthes (Strongylida order) and coccidia (Eimeria spp). Eggs Strongylidae family were identified as the parasites Trichostrongylus spp., Haemonchus spp., Teladorsagia spp., Cooperia spp., and Oesophagostomun spp. Therefore, cattle present in farm show, despite the required sanitary control and in some cases even with previous treatment, have infection gastrointestinal parasites.

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de parasitos gastrintestinais nos bovinos leiteiros participantes de feiras agropecuárias no oeste catarinense, com o intuito de conhecer a situação dos animais expostos nestes eventos. Durante três feiras de grande expressão da região oeste do estado de Santa Catarina, ocorridas nos anos de 2013 e 2014, foram coletadas 153 amostras de fezes de animais expostos, as quais foram analisadas pela técnica de McMaster para verificar o número de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG). Nos exames realizados, diagnosticou-se 69 amostras positivas para parasitos (45%), isto é, helmintos, coccídeos ou infecções mistas por ovos de helmintos da ordem Strongylida e oocistos de Eimeria spp. Os ovos da família Strongylida foram identificados como sendo dos parasitos Trichostrongylus spp., Haemonchus spp., Teladorsagia spp., Cooperia spp., e Oesophagostomun spp. Portanto, os bovinos presentes em feiras agropecuárias, apesar do controle sanitário requerido e alguns casos mesmo com tratamento prévio, apresentam infecção por parasitos gastrointestinais.