RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Different hair types respond differently to cosmetic treatments; hence, many options ought to be availed to the consumer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of antioxidant extract from Dicerocaryum senecioides as active alternatives in hair semi-permanent waving and hair conditioning. METHODS: The antioxidant phytochemicals were first identified and isolated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and spraying with revealing agents. The antioxidant potency was determined by DPPH antiradical scavenging and ferric reducing power methods. The extract was incorporated in two different formulations to make the extract perm (bio-semi-permanent) and the antioxidant hair conditioner (AC). The formulations had their performance examined for hair curling and conditioning on Asian and African hair types. Hair damage was assessed by scanning the surface of treated samples on an attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (ATR-FTIR) and by quantifying lost protein on ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer. RESULTS: The extract antioxidant had an IC50 of 26.54 ± 0.34 µg/ml exhibiting greater antioxidant potency compared to the controls quercetin (38.84 ± 0.12 µg/ml) and ascorbic acid (35.22 ± 0.07 µg/ml). The extract perm had a lower curling ability indicated by a perm set of 85.10 ± 3.92% and 81.35 ± 2.35% for Asian and African hairs, respectively, while commercial product, ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) had 96.05 ± 1.70% and 93.60 ± 2.21% for the same. The curling of hair with extract perm resulted in less oxidative damage with oxidative peak areas of 3.37 ± 0.09 and 3.71 ± 0.03 as well as lower protein losses of 4.72 ± 0.71 µg/mg and 5.62 ± 0.70 µg/mg on Asian and African hair samples, respectively. The application of AC reduced the oxidative damage peak areas of ATG and extract perm treated Asian hair samples by 1.15 and 0.48 units, respectively. AC was also effective in reducing damage caused by UV radiation on ATG-treated samples by 1.06 units (African hair) and 1.09 units on Asian hair. CONCLUSION: The results show antioxidant extracts from Dicerocryum senecioides as a promising and safer alternative for hair conditioning and semi-permanent curling.
CONTEXTE: les réactions aux traitements cosmétiques varient d'un type de cheveux à l'autre. Ainsi, de nombreuses options doivent être mises à disposition des consommateurs. Cette étude avait pour objectif d'évaluer l'utilisation d'un extrait antioxydant de Dicerocaryum senecioides en vue de proposer de nouveaux choix de produits actifs pour les mises en plis semi-permanentes et le conditionnement capillaire. MÉTHODES: les agents phytochimiques antioxydants ont d'abord été identifiés et isolés par chromatographie sur couche mince (CCM) et par pulvérisation d'agents révélateurs. La puissance antioxydante a été déterminée par une méthode de piégeage antiradicalaire à l'aide du DPPH et par un procédé de puissance de réduction du fer. L'extrait a été incorporé dans deux formulations différentes pour obtenir la permanente (semi-permanentes biologiques) et l'après-shampooing capillaire antioxydant. Les performances des formulations ont été évaluées selon des critères de bouclage et conditionnement capillaires sur des cheveux de types asiatiques et africains. L'évaluation des lésions capillaires reposait sur un examen de la surface des échantillons traités à l'aide d'un spectromètre infrarouge à transformée de Fourier en réflectance totale atténuée (attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infra-red spectrometer, ATR-FTIR) et sur une quantification des protéines perdues à l'aide d'un spectrophotomètre à ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis). RÉSULTATS: l'extrait antioxydant présentait une concentration inhibitrice médiane (IC50 ) de 26.54 ± 0.34 µg/ml, d'où une plus grande puissance antioxydante par rapport aux produits témoins, à savoir la quercétine (38.84 ± 0.12 µg/ml) et l'acide ascorbique (35.22 ± 0.07 µg/ml). La permanente présentait une plus faible capacité de bouclage, révélée par un taux de fixation de la permanente de 85.10 ± 3.92 % et de 81.35 ± 2.35 % pour les cheveux asiatiques et africains respectivement, tandis que le produit disponible dans le commerce, à savoir le thioglycolate d'ammonium (ATG), donnait des taux de 96.05 ± 1.70 % et de 93.60 ± 2.21 % dans les mêmes conditions. Le bouclage des cheveux à l'aide de la permanente a entraîné moins de lésions oxydatives, avec des zones de pics d'oxydation de 3.37 ± 0.09 et de 3.71 ± 0.03, ainsi que des pertes protéiques plus faibles, de 4.72 ± 0.71 µg/mg et de 5.62 ± 0.70 µg/mg sur les échantillons de cheveux asiatiques et africains respectivement. L'application de l'après-shampooing antioxydant a permis de réduire de 1.15 unité les zones de pics d'oxydation due à l'ATG sur les échantillons de cheveux asiatiques et la permanente a permis de traiter ces mêmes échantillons à raison de 0.48 unité. L'après-shampooing antioxydant s'est également avéré efficace pour réduire les lésions causées par les rayons UV sur les échantillons traités par ATG, de 1.06 unité sur les cheveux africains et de 1.09 unité sur les cheveux asiatiques. CONCLUSION: les résultats montrent que les extraits antioxydants de Dicerocaryum senecioides constituent une option prometteuse et plus sûre pour le conditionnement capillaire et les mises en pli semi-permanentes.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Preparações para Cabelo/química , Pedaliaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Cabelo/efeitos da radiação , Humanos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier/métodos , Raios UltravioletaRESUMO
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [AuCl(C31H32NP)]·0.25CHCl3, contains two independent complex mol-ecules and half a chloro-form solvent mol-ecule, which is disordered across an inversion center. The Au(I) ions are each coordinated in a slightly distorted linear environment, with P-Au-Cl angles of 177.20â (4) and 178.54â (4)°.
RESUMO
In the title complex, [AuCl(C24H20NOP)], the ligand has N, P and O electron-donating atoms but the Au(I) atom is coordinated only by the 'soft' P atom and an additional Cl atom in an almost linear fashion. Important geometrical parameters include Au-P = 2.2321â (13)â Å, Au-Cl = 2.2820â (13)â Å and P-Au-Cl = 176.49â (5)°. The furan ring is disordered over two positions in a 0.51â (2):0.49â (2) ratio.
RESUMO
The title compound, trans-[PdCl(2)(C(16)H(13)PS)(2)], forms a monomeric complex with a trans-square-planar geometry. The Pd-P bond lengths are 2.3387â (11)â Å, as the Pd atom lies on an inversion point, while the Pd-Cl bond lengths are 2.2950â (12)â Å.
RESUMO
The crystal structure of the title compound, [PtCl(2)(C(25)H(22)NPS)]·0.5CH(2)Cl(2), was determined to establish the coordination properties of the (phosphan-yl)benzyl-idene-methanamine ligand to platinum. In the unit cell two mol-ecules of cis-[PtCl(2)(C(25)H(22)NPS)] are accompanied by a dichloro-methane solvent mol-ecule. The square-planar Pt(2+) coordination sphere is slightly distorted with the bidentate ligand coordinated via the P and the amine N atoms, and the Cl atoms located cis at the two remaining coordination sites. Parts of the thiophene ring and the solvate molecule were modeled as disordered with occupancy ratios of 0.55â (2):0.45â (2) and 0.302â (10):0.198â (10), respectively. Weak C-Hâ¯Cl inter-actions stabilize the crystal packing.
RESUMO
The title compound, [AuCl(C(25)H(22)NPS)], crystallizes with two independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit in which the thio-phene fragments are disordered over two sets of sites with 0.537â (10):0.463â (10) and 0.701â (9):0.299â (9) occupancy ratios. In both cases, the thio-phene ring is rotated by approximately 180° for the second component. Important geometrical parameters include Au-P = 2.235â (2) and 2.237â (2)â Å, Au-Cl = 2.286â (2) and 2.292â (2)â Å, and P-Au-Cl = 177.39â (8) and 172.63â (7)°. Weak inter-molecular C-Hâ¯Cl inter-actions are observed in the crystal structure.
RESUMO
The title compound, [PdCl(2)(C(21)H(33)P)(2)], forms a monomeric complex with a trans-square-planar coordination geometry about the Pd(II) atom which lies on an inversion centre. The Pd-P bond lengths are 2.3760â (13)â Å, while the Pd-Cl bond lengths are 2.3172â (14)â Å. The observed structure was found to be closely related to that of trans-dichloridobis[dicyclo-hex-yl(phen-yl)phosphane-κP]palladium(II), [PdCl(2){P(C(6)H(11))(2)(C(6)H(5))}(2)] [Burgoyne et al. (2012 â¶). Acta Cryst. E68, m404].
RESUMO
The title compound C(18)H(16)N(2)S(2), crystallizes with two independent half-mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit, in one of which the thio-phene rings are disordered in a 0.67:0.33 ratio. Each independent mol-ecule lies across a crystallographic centre of symmetry. The dihedral angle between central (half) benzene ring and the thiophene ring is 11.82°.
RESUMO
In the title complex, [RuCl(2)(C(8)H(12))(C(3)H(3)N)(2)], the metal ion is coordinated to centers of each of the double bonds of the cyclo-octa-1,5-diene ligand, to two chloride ions (in cis positions) and to two N-atom donors from two acrylonitrile mol-ecules that complete the coordination sphere for the neutral complex. The coordination about the Ru(II) atom can thus be considered octa-hedral with slight trigonal distortion. The three C atoms of one of the acrylonitrile ligands are disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.581â (13):0.419â (13) ratio.
RESUMO
In the title Ru(II) complex, [RuCl(2)(C(8)H(12))(C(2)H(3)N)(2)]·CH(3)CN, the metal ion is coordinated to the centers of each of the double bonds of the cyclo-octa-diene ligand, to two chloride ions (in cis positions) and to two N-atom donors (from MeCN mol-ecules) that complete the coordination sphere for the neutral complex. The coordination about the Ru(II) atom can thus be considered to be octa-hedral with a slightly trigonal distortion. There is also one acetonitrile solvent mol-ecule per mol-ecule which is outside the coordination sphere of the ruthenium atom.
RESUMO
In the title complex, [RuCl(2)(C(8)H(12))(C(3)H(5)N)(2)], the metal ion is coordinated to both double bonds of the cyclo-octa-1,5-diene ligand, two chloride ions (in cis positions) and two N-atom donors from two propane-nitrile mol-ecules that complete the coordination sphere for the neutral complex. The coordination around the Ru(II) atom can thus be considered as octa-hedral with slight trigonal distortion.
RESUMO
In the title compound, C(22)H(22)N(4), the centroid of the benzene ring is located on an inversion centre. The dihedral angle between the benzene and pyridine rings is 10.94â (5)°. The crystal structure displays weak inter-molecular C-Hâ¯N hydrogen bonding and C-Hâ¯π inter-actions.
RESUMO
In the crystal of the centrosymmetric title compound, C(20)H(20)N(2)S(2), mol-ecules are linked by head-to-tail C-Hâ¯N hydrogen bonds, resulting in chains extending along the a axis. Three additional C-Hâ¯π inter-molecular inter-actions give rise to a herringbone packing motif which extends along the c axis. The C-Hâ¯N inter-actions provide links between the sheets.
RESUMO
In the title Pd(II) complex, [PdCl(2)(C(22)H(22)NP)]·(CH(3))(2)SO, the Pd(II) atom is coordinated in an NPCl(2) coordination sphere by the N(imino) and P(phosphane) atoms of the ligand and by two Cl(-) ions in a slightly distorted square-planar geometry [r.m.s. deviation = 0.081â (3)â Å, plane defined by the four atoms around the Pd atom]. The dimethyl sulfoxide solvent mol-ecules form centrosymmetric dimers due to an inter-molecular C-Hâ¯O inter-action. The crystal structure is further stabilized through two inter-molecular C-Hâ¯π inter-actions.
RESUMO
The title compound, [PtCl(2)(C(31)H(32)NP)], is a Pt(II) complex with an NPCl(2) coordination sphere in which the Pt(II) atom is coordinated to the imino N and phosphane P atoms of the ligand and to two cis Cl ions, giving a slightly distorted square-planar geometry. The P-Pt-N angle is 89.80â (5)° and the corresponding angle between the Cl ions is 87.92â (2)°.
RESUMO
In the title Pd(II) complex, [Pd(CH(3))Cl(C(26)H(22)NP)], the Pd(II) atom is coordinated in a slightly distorted square-planar geometry by the imino N and phosphane P atoms of the ligand, by one chloride ion and by a methyl ligand. The methyl group is trans to the N atom of the ligand.
RESUMO
The title compound, [PtCl(2)(C(25)H(21)N(2)P)], is a Pt(II) complex with an NPCl(2) coordination sphere in which the metal is coordinated to the imino N and phosphane P atoms of the ligand and to two chloride ions. The Pt(II) atom is in a distorted square-planar environment and is bound to the ligand via the P and amine N atoms in a cis fashion, with the chlorine atoms located at the two remaining sites.
