RESUMO
Iodine deficiency during pregnancy is an important global public health issue and the leading preventable cause of neurodevelopmental impairments worldwide. The effects of severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy, including adverse obstetric outcomes and decreased child intelligence quotient, have been clearly established. However, the effects of mild-to-moderate deficiency remain less well understood. Pregnant and lactating women have higher iodine requirements than other adults; intakes of 220 to 250 µg/d in pregnancy and 250 to 290 µg/d in lactation. In this article, we describe iodine metabolism, iodine requirements in pregnancy and lactation, the effects of both iodine deficiency and excessive iodine intakes in pregnancy, and the efficacy of iodine supplementation.
Assuntos
Iodo/administração & dosagem , Iodo/deficiência , Complicações na Gravidez , Dieta , Suplementos Nutricionais , Feminino , Desenvolvimento Fetal , Humanos , Iodo/efeitos adversos , Lactação , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento/etiologia , Necessidades Nutricionais , Hipernutrição/complicações , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Glândula Tireoide/embriologiaRESUMO
This chapter represents a selection of 8 clinical scenarios that may commonly be encountered. They help summarize some of the literature and teaching points of the previous chapters. They are not meant to represent every possible presentation of thyroid disease, but rather to present common symptoms and findings that may aid a clinician in making a diagnosis or in selecting initial treatment.
