ALLERGIC DISEASES AND ASTHMA IN ADOLESCENTS.

The goal of our research was to find out, whether asthma phenotyping, based on presence of accompanying allergic diseases is significant for asthma classification or not. Research was conducted on the basis of questioning of random and representative cohorts of Tbilisi children's population, by cross-section method of epidemiological research. Special extended screening questionnaire was developed for epidemiological study of allergic diseases. Diagnostic criterion for allergy was analyzed and representative cohort was selected. Research was conducted in 2010-2014 period. Studied population included 1450 children from 2 to 17 years age representing Tbilisi general population (of them, 850 girls and 600 boys). As a result of research the following findings were made: asthma was confirmed where at least two of the listed was present: diagnosis of asthma made by doctor, asthma symptoms and consumption of drugs against asthma. Allergic rhinitis was confirmed, where more than one of the listed symptoms was present and children should not have caught cold, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction or snore, combined or IgE with some inhalation allergen. Atopic dermatitis was confirmed if the subject had atopic dermatitis at a time of interview or clinical study. Markers of asthma severity were based on number of asthma episodes and number of symptoms, or regular consumption of corticosteroids, number of missed days at school and answer of subjects to the question: for the past year what was the degree of discomfort attributable to asthma ("very high" - "absolutely not"). Allergic sensitization was assessed based on the skin prick-test and test of specific immunoglobulin E in serum and was deemed positive where the average diameter of blebs in skin prick tests was 3 mm larger than negative control and IgE-0,35kU/l. Lung function was assessed by means of respirometers, by evaluating maximal forced expiration data and flow-volume curves. Allergic rhinitis was regarded as the most common accompanying disease. Subjects with non-specific hyperresponsiveness of bronchi and asthma before age of 12, were classified only as being in remission and having accompanying allergic disease and subjects without obstruction and asthma were classified as absence of asthma and were designated as independent group. Population was divided into "active" (indicate presence of symptoms or are subjected to treatment) and "ever" (diagnosis was made before involvement into the study) groups. Main finding is identification of correlation between airways inflammation and phenotype accompanying asthma in children of age from 2 to 16. Research showed than of 860 children (398 males and 462 females) of age from 2 to 8, 62 children had asthma (17 females and 45 males) with at least accompanying disease. Of 590 children (311 males and 279 females) of age from 9 to 17, 81 children had asthma (26 females and 55 males) with at least accompanying allergic disease. The most common asthma phenotype was only asthma, in 32.8%, further asthma and allergic rhinitis (27.9%), asthma with allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis (13%), asthma with atopic dermatitis (4.9%). Asthma phenotypes did not differ significantly, with respect of asthma severity and need of anti-inflammation medication. Gender was notably correlated with only one phenotype of asthma; boys are more susceptible to asthma and allergic rhinitis, compared with the girls (9.5% boys and 4.9% girls) p=0.001. Lung function is significantly correlated with hyperresponsiveness of bronchi associated with asthma phenotype with the lowest FEV 2% data - in case of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Our research showed than asthma in adults is accompanied with allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis (approximately 14.9%). In puberty, asthma phenotypes with allergic rhinitis was mostly associated with non-specific hyperresponsiveness of bronchi and airways inflammation (p>0.05). In the combinations of allergic diseases the association of the phenotypes with gender was mostly found in males (p=0.001).

Influence of the social and economical factors on the indicators of height and weight among the pupils, residents of the city and villages in eastern Georgia (Kakheti region).

The research has been held in the city and its villages among schoolgirls and schoolboys out of them are city (n=613) and village (n=241) residents. The body height and mass, was calculated according to standard methods. Also research based on questionnaires has been held .This research determines social-economic statement, physical activities and diets of students. Statistical processing of data was done with the help of statistic method ANOVA. Data compared to WHO child grows standard percentage-charts, and to percentile diagram made for georgian children and adolescents in 2001-2003. Concerning the height indexes stunting was noticed among the village resident girls at the age 9-14 (8,9%) and 9-11 year old boys (3,8%) and it also prevails among girls that require further researches to reveal reasons. Also the amount of law height index among girls and boys is high in the cities as well as villages although it prevails in the villages, mostly among boys (30, 8%). Comparing with village residents high height index prevails among the city resident boys (18,7%) and among girls (11, 9%), and higher than 97 percentile indexes is revealed among 4,9% of boys living in the city. Mass deficiency was reveled among the city girls 2,4 % and the village resident girls 5,1%; accordingly it is prevailed among girls living in the villages. Mass deficiency among the boys was only revealed among the city residents and it was 3,9 %. According to our data, decrease of the body mass average index is fixed among girls but among the boys it increase. and among 2,4% of girls. So village resident girls are shorter and thinner, but boys are short and overweight, comparing with the city residents. Research based on questionnaires showed that city resident school children food ration, whose social-economic condition is better, is rich with proteins, when majority of village residents food ration lack proteins and mostly consist of those products which are rich of carbohydrates. According to surveys low physical activity was revealed among city as well as village resident school children, especially in boys. Average height indexes based on our researches have been compared to percentile diagrams for children and adolescents of Georgia , based on researches held in 2001-2003. The average height indexes of the students born in 2000 and following years (including from 6 - 13 years) are located between the percentage indexes 50-90 established for Georgian children, but at the ages 14-18 between 10-50 which indicates to the tendency of increasing height of schoolchildren in the city and villages During the last years, tendency in the increasing of height is fixed in India and Sri Lanka.

The intermittent and prolonged maternal separation affects behavioral reactions in rat pups.

The work was designed to reveal the effect of maternal deprivation on the behavioral reactions of rat pups during the intermittent and prolonged maternal separation. Research was conducted on 126 white rat pups of both sexes received from 26 mothers at the 1st, 15th, 21st, and 60th days after birth. All animals were divided into three main groups: the first group included 42 litters submitted to intermittent maternal deprivation (IMD). The second group included 28 litters submitted to prolonged maternal deprivation (PMD) and 56 litters served as the control group. Animals were housed in a room with a controlled temperature, humidity, 12 h light/dark cycle, having free access to the food and water. The received results testify to essential influence of maternal deprivation on the normal functioning of CNS, revealed in the alterations of behaviors in rats suffering from maternal deprivation. Thus, early maternal separation in rat pups may serve to be the stressful stimulus for CNS and alter it function, which produces the behavioural disorders among them.

[Basic hemodynamic and vegetative regulatory indices in adolescents-healthy and sick with arterial hypertension].

Basic hemodynamic indices in aged 15-16 practically healthy adolescents do not differ essentially, but in patients with juvenile arterial hypertension is noticed their authentic rise in proper age groups. The correlation of body mass is marked with the basic hemodynamic parameters and likewise the indices of double production depend on systolic pressure and heart rate. In adolescents troubled with juvenile arterial hypertension is noticed intensification of sympathetic link of regulatory mechanisms of vegetative nervous system and unsatisfactory hypersympathetic reaction on orthostatic test which shows the total disbalance of the organism. The latter can be considered as one of the pathologic aspects of development of juvenile arterial hypertension; on the other hand non-invasitive investigation of functional state of vegetative nervous system maybe recommended for inclusion in the project of preventive medical practice to early revealing juvenile arterial hypertension or its predisposition to it.

[Clinical characteristics of juvenile systemic hypertension in the population of Tbilisi].

The goal of the work was to study a prevalence of juvenile systemic hypertension among 15-16 years old adolescents of Tbilisi, its clinical characteristics and several indices of mental capacity. In the result of an analysis of 378 adolescents' blood pressure records only 6 (1.6%) had high normal values and 32 (8,46%) revealed juvenile systemic hypertension. Four youths from 6 with high normal values refused to participate in a further investigation. For this reason the study was continued only in 32 youths with juvenile systemic hypertension. In the contingent noted 6 (18,75%) had overweight, 9 (28,12%) had hereditary predisposition, 15 (46,9%) revealed excessive use of salt, 3 (9,4%) had moderate consumption of alcohol and 7 (21,9%) noted insufficient physical activity. Juvenile systemic hypertension in youth was predominantly asymptomatic, only 9 (28,12%) had mild headache in the evening, 12 (37,5%) had light fatigue and 5 (15,6%) weak dizziness. Fourteen youths noted diminished work-status and being behind in learning process. In the persons with juvenile systemic hypertension diminution of the attention concentration was observed during a fulfilment of a simple sensor and motor task in condition of monotonous work (increment of answers missed up to 13+/-12%). A psycho-emotional loading test has proved the fact of mental capacity lowering within the persons with juvenile systemic hypertension that is expressed in the increment of errors made up to 12+/-3,1% and answers missed up to 11+/-2,3%. Our investigations confirm the reasonability of blood pressure monitoring among adolescents for the early detection of the juvenile systemic hypertension and the conduction of an opportune preventive measures for avoiding of cardiovascular diseases in a mature age.