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1.
Nutrients ; 16(8)2024 Apr 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38674828

RESUMO

There is growing evidence linking gut microbiota to overall health, including obesity risk and associated diseases. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SKO-001, a probiotic strain isolated from Angelica gigas, has been reported to reduce obesity by controlling the gut microbiome. In this double-blind, randomised clinical trial, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SKO-001 in reducing body fat. We included 100 participants randomised into SKO-001 or placebo groups (1:1) for 12 weeks. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to objectively evaluate body fat reduction. Body fat percentage (p = 0.016), body fat mass (p = 0.02), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (p = 0.025), and adiponectin levels (p = 0.023) were lower in the SKO-001 group than in the placebo group after 12 weeks of SKO-001 consumption. In the SKO-001 group, the subcutaneous fat area (p = 0.003), total cholesterol levels (p = 0.003), and leptin levels (p = 0.014) significantly decreased after 12 weeks of SKO-001 consumption compared with baseline values. Additionally, SKO-001 did not cause any severe adverse reactions. In conclusion, SKO-001 is safe and effective for reducing body fat and has the potential for further clinical testing in humans.


Assuntos
Probióticos , Humanos , Método Duplo-Cego , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tecido Adiposo/efeitos dos fármacos , Obesidade , Resultado do Tratamento , Lactobacillus plantarum , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Absorciometria de Fóton , Leptina/sangue
2.
Nature ; 591(7849): 288-292, 2021 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33658715

RESUMO

The evolutionarily conserved target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase acts as a master regulator that coordinates cell proliferation and growth by integrating nutrient, energy, hormone and stress signals in all eukaryotes1,2. Research has focused mainly on TOR-regulated translation, but how TOR orchestrates the global transcriptional network remains unclear. Here we identify ethylene-insensitive protein 2 (EIN2), a central integrator3-5 that shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, as a direct substrate of TOR in Arabidopsis thaliana. Glucose-activated TOR kinase directly phosphorylates EIN2 to prevent its nuclear localization. Notably, the rapid global transcriptional reprogramming that is directed by glucose-TOR signalling is largely compromised in the ein2-5 mutant, and EIN2 negatively regulates the expression of a wide range of target genes of glucose-activated TOR that are involved in DNA replication, cell wall and lipid synthesis and various secondary metabolic pathways. Chemical, cellular and genetic analyses reveal that cell elongation and proliferation processes that are controlled by the glucose-TOR-EIN2 axis are decoupled from canonical ethylene-CTR1-EIN2 signalling, and mediated by different phosphorylation sites. Our findings reveal a molecular mechanism by which a central signalling hub is shared but differentially modulated by diverse signalling pathways using distinct phosphorylation codes that can be specified by upstream protein kinases.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Desenvolvimento Vegetal , Receptores de Superfície Celular/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Arabidopsis/citologia , Arabidopsis/genética , Domínio Catalítico , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Etilenos/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/metabolismo , Meristema/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases/metabolismo , Especificidade por Substrato , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Transcriptoma
3.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35281696

RESUMO

Engaging students in research is a high impact practice that improves student retention and persistence in behavioral and biomedical sciences and engineering. The California State University Long Beach (CSULB) Building Infrastructure Leading to Diversity (BUILD) Program offers an intensive research training experience to undergraduate students from a wide range of health-related disciplines. The goal of this program is to provide students with research skills, psychosocial resources, and graduate school application guidance that will make them competitive for Ph.D. programs. With the COVID-19 pandemic forcing the campus closure of many universities, including CSULB, our student training had to transition from in-person training to online training. This paper discusses the development and implementation of a series of eight online modules for guiding students through the application process for summer research experiences and graduate schools. Overall, the BUILD trainees were positive about the online modules. Specifically, they indicated that the modules were useful, informative, easy to access/use, good use of their time, and a good supplemental activity to their learning community activities. Most trainees indicated that they preferred the modules to be implemented in a hybrid format, where the students can view the modules on their own first and then have an opportunity to engage in in-person/synchronous online discussions.

4.
Sci Rep ; 9(1): 17812, 2019 Nov 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31780701

RESUMO

Ultrasonic melt treatment (UST) was applied to Al-7Si-2Cu-1Mg melt at various temperatures of 620, 650, 700 and 785 °C. MgAl2O4 particles which were often found to be densely populated along oxide films, became effectively dispersed and well-wetted by UST. Transmission electron microscopy work combined with crystallography analysis clearly indicates that MgAl2O4 particles can act as α-Al nucleation site with the aid of UST. However, with UST, grain refinement occurred only at temperature of 620 °C and the grain size increased from 97 to 351 µm with increase of melt temperature to 785 °C for UST. In quantitative analysis of grain size and MgAl2O4 particle diameter, it was found that ultrasonic de-agglomeration decreased mean particle size of the MgAl2O4 particles, significantly reducing size from 1.2 to 0.4 µm when temperature increased from 620 to 785 °C. Such a size reduction with increased number of MgAl2O4 particles does not always guarantee grain refinement. Thus, in this work, detailed condition for achieving grain refinement by UST is discussed based on quantitative measurement. Furthermore, we tried to suggest the most valid grain refinement mechanism among the known mechanisms by investigation of the relationship between grain size and particle size with variation of melt temperature.

5.
Adv Food Nutr Res ; 88: 47-84, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31151728

RESUMO

Proteins are one of the essential components of nutritional food materials and an excellent source for food-grade nanomaterials. This review focuses on select examples of nanoparticles assembled naturally, found in food-relevant materials, major approaches in assembling nanoscale structure from proteins, and general applications of protein nanoparticles in food or nutrition. Animal-sourced casein and non-animal grain storage proteins and legume storage proteins are discussed in terms of their structural assemblies. Protein solubility is a key factor in assembling protein nanoparticles with desired functional properties. Desolvation is the most common technique to prepare protein nanoparticles for insoluble proteins. Well-hydrated protein assemblies have been extensively studied through electrostatic complexes, assembled with fatty acid and starch, reassembled protein structure, and nanogels. These protein-based nanoparticles have been utilized for filler materials of films, encapsulation of bioactive molecules, and stabilization of emulsions. Most studies exploiting protein-based nanoparticles have focused on developing technologies in extraction of proteins from sources and assembly of nanoparticles in different environmental conditions.


Assuntos
Proteínas Alimentares/normas , Alimentos/normas , Nanopartículas , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , Animais , Emulsões/normas , Hidrogéis/química , Nanogéis , Polímeros , Polissacarídeos/química , Suspensões/química
6.
Curr Res Food Sci ; 1: 17-23, 2019 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32914101

RESUMO

Interfacial and emulsifying properties of fractionated cricket powder were assessed to identify whether emulsification properties originate from protein or chitin particles. Fractions extracted in alkaline water, containing high protein and mineral contents, increased the surface pressure of heptane-water interfaces with near-saturation equilibrium surface pressure of 31 mN/m. Dynamic surface pressure profiles indicated adsorption of protein clusters to the interface. Emulsification capacity of protein fraction was 50% greater than that of the source cricket flour, although oil-in-water emulsions prepared with 1-2% (w/w) protein fraction formed a cream layer within one day of storage. Emulsified layers persisted for up to 20 days, and light scattering measurements described a stable population with surface-volume-mean diameter of approximately 3 µm. Chitin-rich fractions milled to a particle size of 0.5-200 µm contributed negligible surface pressure, and its emulsification capacity was 5% of the value for the source cricket flour. Emulsions prepared with chitin-rich fractions coexisted with an unstable precipitate layer comprising 60% of the added solid, which was attributed to larger particles with poor emulsifying capability. Stable chitin-stabilized emulsion phases were resistant to creaming, yet volume-mean droplet diameter surpassed 50 µm within 24 h of storage. Both protein and chitin fractions have emulsifying capabilities but would require further processing or secondary additives to achieve desirable storage stability.

7.
Aging Clin Exp Res ; 30(9): 1101-1110, 2018 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29372541

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Multicomponent intervention programs have been shown to be effective in reducing risk factors associated with falls, but the primary target population of these interventions is often low-functioning older adults. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention program focusing on balance and muscle strength for independently functioning community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: Fifty-three independently functioning older adults, aged 80.09 ± 6.62 years, participated in a group exercise class (conducted 2 times/week for 8 weeks) emphasizing balance. Outcome measures were balance performance using the Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) scale and muscle strength using the Senior Fitness Test (SFT). RESULTS: The intervention improved balance (P < 0.001), and older adults who were classified as having high fall risks based on the FAB scores at pre-testing improved more than older adults who were classified as having low fall risks (P = 0.017). As a result, 22 participants transitioned from a high fall risk group at pre-testing to a low fall risk group at post-testing (P < 0.001). The intervention also enhanced both upper and lower muscle extremity strength based on SFT results (P < 0.001) regardless of participants' classification of fall risk status. CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION: The multicomponent intervention conducted two times per week for 8 weeks was effective in improving balance and enhancing muscle strength of independently functioning older adults. The results underscore the importance of providing fall prevention interventions to healthy older adults, a population often not a target of balance interventions.


Assuntos
Acidentes por Quedas/prevenção & controle , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Equilíbrio Postural/fisiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Vida Independente , Extremidade Inferior , Masculino , Fatores de Risco
8.
Plant Signal Behav ; 13(2): e1432955, 2018 02 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29381447

RESUMO

To overcome high temperature stress, plants have developed transcriptional cascades which express a large amount of chaperone proteins called heat shock proteins (HSPs). In our recent publication, we reported that STABILIZED1, as an U5-snRNP-interacting protein, is involved in the splicing of heat shock factor (HSF) and HSP transcripts during high temperature stress. This indicates that not only transcriptional regulation, but also post-transcriptional regulation by STA1, is essential for the full activation of HSF-HSP cascades and for thermotolerance. Here, we observed that the splicing of HSP transcripts was induced independent of STA1 at room temperature after heat acclimation, indicating that STA1 acts as a high temperature-specific splicing factor for the splicing of HSP transcripts. Our findings suggest the molecular mechanism for how HSF and HSP transcripts are spliced well under high temperature stress that blocks the splicing of overall transcripts.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Splicing de RNA/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/genética , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/fisiologia , Proteínas Nucleares/genética
9.
Sci Rep ; 7(1): 17360, 2017 12 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29234060

RESUMO

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the common probiotics. Here, we investigated the antiviral protective effects of heat-killed LAB strain Lactobacillus casei DK128 (DK128) on influenza viruses. Intranasal treatment of mice with DK128 conferred protection against different subtypes of influenza viruses by lessening weight loss and lowering viral loads. Protection via heat-killed DK128 was correlated with an increase in alveolar macrophage cells in the lungs and airways, early induction of virus specific antibodies, reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and innate immune cells. Importantly, the mice that were protected against primary viral infection as a result of heat-killed DK128 pretreatment developed subsequent heterosubtypic immunity against secondary virus infection. For protection against influenza virus via heat-killed DK128 pretreatment, B cells and partially CD4 T cells but not CD8 T cells were required as inferred from studies using knockout mouse models. Our study provides insight into how hosts can be equipped with innate and adaptive immunity via heat-killed DK128 treatment to protect against influenza virus, supporting that heat-killed LAB may be developed as anti-virus probiotics.


Assuntos
Coinfecção/prevenção & controle , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/imunologia , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/imunologia , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Lacticaseibacillus casei/imunologia , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Administração Intranasal , Animais , Linfócitos B/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Coinfecção/imunologia , Coinfecção/virologia , Proteção Cruzada/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteção Cruzada/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Feminino , Temperatura Alta , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Humana/imunologia , Influenza Humana/mortalidade , Influenza Humana/virologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Resultado do Tratamento , Carga Viral/efeitos dos fármacos
10.
Gait Posture ; 57: 136-140, 2017 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28624710

RESUMO

While cognitive-motor interference in dual-task activities is well established, it is still unknown how such interference is influenced by concurrent visual challenges. Nineteen community-dwelling healthy, cognitively intact, older adults (Mean±SD=71.45±1.25years, 6 males) and nineteen young adults (Mean±SD=22.25±0.68years, 4 males) performed a cognitive-single-task (serial subtraction by 3), a walking-single-task and a cognitive-walking-dual-task under normal, blurred and peripheral-vision-loss conditions (artificially imposed using goggles). Gait parameters and the number of correct responses were measured. Dual task costs for both walking and cognition were computed. Results showed that higher walking cost was seen with impaired vision (p=0.05) and with older adults (p=0.03); greater cognitive cost was seen with impaired vision (p=0.01), but no difference in cognitive cost was seen between young and older adults. Thus, when faced with impaired vision, both young and older adults appear to allocate less attention to cognition than to walking, and thus prioritize walking. Future work should explore whether dual-task training under visual challenge could reduce cognitive-motor interference and reduce fall risks in older adults.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Cognição/fisiologia , Marcha/fisiologia , Transtornos da Visão/fisiopatologia , Acuidade Visual , Caminhada/legislação & jurisprudência , Idoso , Atenção , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prognóstico , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Caminhada/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem
11.
Sci Rep ; 7(1): 3193, 2017 06 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28600557

RESUMO

Aging of living organisms is governed by intrinsic developmental programs, of which progression is often under the regulation of their cellular energy status. For example, calorie restriction is known to slow down aging of heterotrophic organisms from yeasts to mammals. In autotrophic plants cellular energy deprivation by perturbation of photosynthesis or sugar metabolism is also shown to induce senescence delay. However, the underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms remain elusive. Our plant cell-based functional and biochemical assays have demonstrated that SNF1-RELATED KINASE1 (SnRK1) directly interacts, phosphorylates, and destabilizes the key transcription factor ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) in senescence-promoting hormone ethylene signaling. Combining chemical manipulation and genetic validation using extended loss-of-function mutants and gain-of-function transgenic lines, we further revealed that a SnRK1 elicitor, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea enables to slow down senescence-associated leaf degreening through the regulation of EIN3 in Arabidopsis. Our findings enlighten that an evolutionary conserved cellular energy sensor SnRK1 plays a role in fine-tuning of organ senescence progression to avoid sudden death during the last step of leaf growth and development.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , Metabolismo Energético/genética , Folhas de Planta/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Envelhecimento/genética , Arabidopsis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Etilenos/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/genética , Fosforilação , Folhas de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Ligação Proteica , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/genética
12.
Sci Rep ; 7(1): 2767, 2017 06 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28584283

RESUMO

For photoautotrophic plants, light-dependent photosynthesis plays an important role in organismal growth and development. Under light, Arabidopsis hypocotyl growth is promoted by the phytohormone ethylene. Despite well-characterized ethylene signaling pathways, the functions of light in the hormone-inducible growth response still remain elusive. Our cell-based functional and plant-system-based genetic analyses with biophysical and chemical tools showed that a chemical blockade of photosystem (PS) II activity affects ethylene-induced hypocotyl response under light. Interestingly, ethylene responsiveness modulates PSII activity in retrospect. The lack of ethylene responsiveness-inducible PSII inefficiency correlates with the induction of AKIN10 expression. Consistently, overexpression of AKIN10 in transgenic plants suppresses ethylene-inducible hypocotyl growth promotion under illumination as in other ethylene-insensitive mutants. Our findings provide information on how ethylene responsiveness-dependent photosynthetic activity controls evolutionarily conserved energy sensor AKIN10 that fine-tunes EIN3-mediated ethylene signaling responses in organ growth under light.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/fisiologia , Etilenos/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Fotossíntese , Complexo de Proteína do Fotossistema II/genética , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Alelos , Metabolismo Energético , Deleção de Genes , Genótipo , Luz , Fenótipo , Processos Fotoquímicos , Complexo de Proteína do Fotossistema II/metabolismo , Desenvolvimento Vegetal
13.
Plant Physiol ; 173(4): 2370-2382, 2017 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28223317

RESUMO

High-temperature stress often leads to differential RNA splicing, thus accumulating different types and/or amounts of mature mRNAs in eukaryotic cells. However, regulatory mechanisms underlying plant precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) splicing in the environmental stress conditions remain elusive. Herein, we describe that a U5-snRNP-interacting protein homolog STABILIZED1 (STA1) has pre-mRNA splicing activity for heat-inducible transcripts including HEAT STRESS TRANSCRIPTION FACTORs and various HEAT SHOCK PROTEINs for the establishment of heat stress tolerance in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Our cell-based splicing reporter assay demonstrated STA1 acts on pre-mRNA splicing for specific subsets of stress-related genes. Cellular reconstitution of heat-inducible transcription cascades supported the view that STA1-dependent pre-mRNA splicing plays a role in DREB2A-dependent HSFA3 expression for heat-responsive gene expression. Further genetic analysis with a loss-of-function mutant sta1-1, STA1-expressing transgenic plants in Col background, and STA1-expressing transgenic plants in the sta1-1 background verified that STA1 is essential in expression of necessary genes including HSFA3 for two-step heat stress tolerance in plants. However, constitutive overexpression of the cDNA version of HSFA3 in the sta1-1 background is unable to execute plant heat stress tolerance in sta1-1 Consistently our global target analysis of STA1 showed that its splicing activity modulates a rather broad range of gene expression in response to heat treatment. The findings of this study reveal that heat-inducible STA1 activity for pre-mRNA splicing serves as a molecular regulatory mechanism underlying the plant stress tolerance to high-temperature stress.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Precursores de RNA/genética , Splicing de RNA , Termotolerância/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , Temperatura Alta , Modelos Genéticos , Mutação , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Estresse Fisiológico
14.
Gels ; 3(2)2017 Apr 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30920511

RESUMO

Thermal treatment of protein⁻polysaccharide complexes will form nanogel particles, wherein the polysaccharide controls nanogel formation by limiting protein aggregation. To determine the impact of the chitosan molecular weight and non-interactive chains on the formation of nanogels, mixtures of α-lactalbumin were prepared with selectively-hydrolyzed chitosan containing covalently-attached polyethylene glycol chains (PEG) and heated near the protein's isoelectric point to induce formation of nanogels. Turbidity of heated mixtures indicated the formation of suspended aggregates, with greater values observed at higher pH, without attached PEG, and among samples with 8.9 kDa chitosan. Mixtures containing 113 kDa chitosan-PEG formed precipitating aggregates above pH 5, coinciding with a low-magnitude colloidal charge and average hydrodynamic radii > 400 nm. All other tested mixtures were stable to precipitation and possessed average hydrodynamic radii ~100 nm, with atomic force microscopy showing homogeneous distributions of spherical nanogel aggregates. Over all of the tested conditions, attached PEG led to no additional significant changes in the size or morphology of nanogels formed from the protein and chitosan. While PEG may have interfered with the interactions between protein and the 113 kDa chitosan, prompting greater aggregation and precipitation, PEG did not indicate any such interference for shorter chitosan chains.

15.
Korean J Women Health Nurs ; 22(2): 78-85, 2016 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37684846

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of abdominal massage on alleviating pain caused by the injection of recombinant gonadotropin for In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) among infertile women. METHODS: This study employed a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. A total sample of 149 infertile women who never experienced in vitro fertilization was recruited at C fertility center. Seventy women were assigned into experimental group and 79 into controls. The experimental group had been informed to do abdominal massage prior to the injection and to record their subjective pain using visual analogue scale. The control group had been informed to record their subjective pain in the same way just after the injection. RESULTS: Compared to the pre-tested pain scores, the pain scores in experimental group were significantly reduced by 0.7 points, whereas the control group increased by 0.9 points (t=-4.55, p=.001). CONCLUSION: This study confirms that the use of abdominal massage prior to the injection is an effective way to alleviate pain on injection site. This massage may be a useful intervention for infertile women about pain alleviation.

16.
Plant Cell Rep ; 34(9): 1605-14, 2015 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26021844

RESUMO

KEY MESSAGE: Arabidopsis BIK1 negatively regulates EIN3-depedent gene expression as an immediate cellular response. BIK1 localizes to the plasma membrane and its autophosphorylation and kinase activity involves in EIN3 repression. BOTRYTIS INDUCED KINASE1 (BIK1) is a multifunctional receptor-like kinase that involves in ethylene-mediated plant defense signaling. The loss of function BIK1 becomes insensitive to ethylene, but it still accumulates a higher level of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) that serves as the key transcription activator in ethylene signaling. To unequivocally elucidate BIK1 function on EIN3 regulation in ethylene signaling, we took a combined approach of transient expression assay and stable expression analysis of BIK1. In our cell-based functional assay BIK1 destabilized EIN3 and down-regulated EIN3-dependent transcription. Membrane localization and autophosphorylation of BIK1 were required for full repression of EIN3 function, but its kinase activity potential compromised such regulatory action. Consistently, the analysis of transgenic plants verified BIK1 function on EIN3 repression. Our findings have clarified that autophosphorylated BIK1 in the plasma membrane negatively regulates EIN3-dependent gene expression. Thus, ethylene insensitivity in bik1 appears to be an indirect or a feedback long-term response.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA , Fosforilação , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Estabilidade Proteica , Transporte Proteico , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , Frações Subcelulares/metabolismo , Transcrição Gênica
17.
PLoS Genet ; 11(3): e1004973, 2015 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25730098

RESUMO

Plant growth depends on stem cell niches in meristems. In the root apical meristem, the quiescent center (QC) cells form a niche together with the surrounding stem cells. Stem cells produce daughter cells that are displaced into a transit-amplifying (TA) domain of the root meristem. TA cells divide several times to provide cells for growth. SHORTROOT (SHR) and SCARECROW (SCR) are key regulators of the stem cell niche. Cytokinin controls TA cell activities in a dose-dependent manner. Although the regulatory programs in each compartment of the root meristem have been identified, it is still unclear how they coordinate one another. Here, we investigate how PHABULOSA (PHB), under the posttranscriptional control of SHR and SCR, regulates TA cell activities. The root meristem and growth defects in shr or scr mutants were significantly recovered in the shr phb or scr phb double mutant, respectively. This rescue in root growth occurs in the absence of a QC. Conversely, when the modified PHB, which is highly resistant to microRNA, was expressed throughout the stele of the wild-type root meristem, root growth became very similar to that observed in the shr; however, the identity of the QC was unaffected. Interestingly, a moderate increase in PHB resulted in a root meristem phenotype similar to that observed following the application of high levels of cytokinin. Our protoplast assay and transgenic approach using ARR10 suggest that the depletion of TA cells by high PHB in the stele occurs via the repression of B-ARR activities. This regulatory mechanism seems to help to maintain the cytokinin homeostasis in the meristem. Taken together, our study suggests that PHB can dynamically regulate TA cell activities in a QC-independent manner, and that the SHR-PHB pathway enables a robust root growth system by coordinating the stem cell niche and TA domain.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Meristema/genética , Nicho de Células-Tronco/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Arabidopsis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/biossíntese , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Divisão Celular/genética , Citocininas/genética , Citocininas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/biossíntese , Homeostase , Meristema/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fenótipo , Raízes de Plantas/genética , Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo
18.
Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour ; 35(2): 189-96, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26761827

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to manufacture functional high protein fermented beverage, using whey protein concentrate (WPC) and Lactobacillus plantarum DK211 isolated from kimchi, and to evaluate the physicochemical, functional, and sensory properties of the resulting product. The fermented whey beverage (FWB) was formulated with whey protein concentrate 80 (WPC 80), skim milk powder, and sucrose; and fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum DK211 as single, or mixed with Lactococcus lactis R704, a commercial starter culture. The pH, titratable acidity, and viable cell counts during fermentation and storage were evaluated. It was found that the mixed culture showed faster acid development than the single culture. The resulting FWB had high protein (9%) and low fat content (0.2%). Increased viscosity, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity were observed after fermentation. A viable cell count of 10(9) CFU/mL in FWB was achieved within 10 h fermentation, and it remained throughout storage at 15℃ for 28 d. Sensory analysis was also conducted, and compared to that of a commercial protein drink. The sensory scores of FWB were similar to those of the commercial protein drink in most attributes, except sourness. The sourness was highly related with the high lactic acid content produced during fermentation. The results showed that WPC and vegetable origin lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi might be used for the development of a high protein fermented beverage, with improved functionality and organoleptic properties.

19.
J Colloid Interface Sci ; 447: 182-90, 2015 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25446955

RESUMO

HYPOTHESIS: Factors influencing fabrication and size of microgels formed from ß-lactoglobulin with or without pectin can tune selected attributes for material applications. Protein aggregation was expected to be influenced by pH, added anions, and reducing agents, while ionic strength was expected to be more influenced by electrostatically interacting pectin. EXPERIMENTS: Turbidity measurements during thermal aggregation to form microgels were determined for pure ß-lactoglobulin as a function of pH, added ionic strength, anion type (chloride, sulfate, and thiocyanate), and reducing agent concentration. ß-lactoglobulin and pectin complexation pH values and thermal aggregation were determined by turbidity measurements with added potassium chloride, sulfate, and thiocyanate. Microgel size and morphology were determined by light scattering and atomic force microscopy, respectively. FINDINGS: Thermal aggregation of pure ß-lactoglobulin increased with decreased pH, reducing conditions, and increased ionic strength with no observed anion effect. ß-lactoglobulin microgel radii increased from 86 to 115nm with decreasing pH and increased to 124nm in reducing conditions, while salts promoted agglomeration. Increased ionic strength (0-100mmol/kg) decreased ß-lactoglobulin-pectin complexation pH from 5.40 to 5.00, while first increasing and then decreasing thermal aggregation. Thermal aggregation and microgel size were greatest with potassium thiocyanate, followed by potassium chloride and potassium sulfate.

20.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 457(2): 213-20, 2015 Feb 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25545061

RESUMO

AN1/A20-like Zinc finger family proteins are evolutionarily conserved regulatory components in eukaryotic signaling circuits. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the AN1/A20 Zinc finger family is encoded as 14 members in the genome and collectively referred to as stress-associated proteins (SAPs). Here we described AtSAP5 localized to the nucleus, and played a role in heat-responsive gene regulation together with MBF1c. Seedling survival assay of sap5 and mbf1c demonstrated consistent effects of AtSAP5 and MBF1C in response to two-step heat treatment, supporting their function in heat stress tolerance. Our findings yield an insight in A20/AN1-like Zinc finger protein AtSAP5 functions in plant adaptability under high temperature.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/fisiologia , Sequência Conservada , Evolução Molecular , Temperatura Alta , Estresse Fisiológico , Dedos de Zinco , Adaptação Fisiológica/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/química , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Genes de Plantas , Ligação Proteica , Transporte Proteico , Estresse Fisiológico/genética , Transativadores/metabolismo , Transcrição Gênica , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/química , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismo
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