Bullying y cyberbullying: diferencias de sexo en víctimas, agresores y observadores / Bullying and Cyberbullying: Sex Differences in Victims, Aggressors and Observers / Bullying e cyberbullying: diferenças de sexo em vítimas, agressores e observadores

Resumen Objetivo. Identificar si existen diferencias entre sexos en conductas de bullying y cyberbullying entre los adolescentes de La Rioja. Método. La muestra estuvo constituida por 979 adolescentes, 50.45 % varones y 49.6 % mujeres, entre los 13 y los 18 años de edad, a quienes se les aplicó la batería Cyberbullying Screening para explorar el acoso entre iguales. Resultados. Los resultados evidenciaron que: (a) hay un mayor porcentaje de mujeres víctimas de bullying y cyberbullying; (b) los chicos dijeron ser más agresores que las chicas, tanto en conductas de bullying como de cyberbullying; (c) las mujeres dicen observar más conductas de bullying y cyberbullying que los varones, siendo significativa la diferencia con respecto a este último; y (d) el porcentaje de víctimas de agresiones cara a cara y cyberbullying se asemeja entre mujeres y varones, siendo no significativa la diferencia. Conclusión. Estos datos evidencian que los varones son más agresores, mientras que las mujeres son mayormente víctimas, por ello, es importante tener presente la diferencia de roles de género y su implicación en los programas de prevención.

Abstract Objective. The study aims to analyze differences in bullying and cyberbullying between the sexes. Method. The sample consisted of 949 adolescents between 13 to 18 years old, 50.45% males and 49.6% females, students from compulsory secondary school. The Cyberbullying. Screening of Peer Harassment test was administered Results. The results showed that (a) the percentage of female victims of bullying and cyberbullying was higher than the percentage of male victims; (b) males claimed to participate in significantly more face to face aggression and cyberbullying behaviors than women; (c) the percentage of female observers of bullying was higher than that of males, and significantly more in relation to cyberbullying; and (d) the percentage of victims of bullying and cyberbullying was similar between males and females. Conclusion. Males are more frequently aggressors while females are more frequently victims. gender roles could be considered a possible influence and a greater sensitivity of girls in these issues.

Resumo Escopo. Identificar a possibilidade de existência de diferenças entre sexos em condutas de bullying e cyberbullying entre adolescentes de La Rioja, Espanha. Metodologia. A amostra esteve constituída por 979 adolescentes, 50.45% homens e 49.5% mulheres, entre os 13 e os 18 anos de idade, e foi aplicada a bateria Cyberbullying Screening para explorar o acosso entre iguais. Resultados. Os resultados evidenciaram que: (a) tem um maior porcentagem de mulheres vítimas de bullying e cyberbullying; (b) os homens disseram ser mais agressores que as mulheres, tanto em condutas de bullying como de cyberbullying; (c) as mulheres dizem observar mais condutas de bullying e cyberbullying que os homens, sendo significativa a diferença com respeito a este último; e (d) a porcentagem de vítimas de agressões cara a cara e cyberbullying é similar entre homens e mulheres, sendo não significativa a diferença. Conclusão. Estes dados evidenciam que os homens sao mais agressores, enquanto as mulheres são maiormente vítimas, pelo qual, é importante ter presente a diferencia de roles de gênero e sua implicação nos programas de prevenção.

Psychosis risk screening: Validation of the youth psychosis at-risk questionnaire - brief in a community-derived sample of adolescents.

There have been several attempts to identify individuals potentially at high risk for psychotic-spectrum disorders using brief screening measures. However, relatively few studies have tested the psychometric properties of the psychosis screening measures in representative samples of adolescents. The main purpose of the present study was to analyse the prevalence, factorial structure, measurement invariance across gender, and reliability of the Youth Psychosis At-Risk Questionnaire - Brief (YPARQ-B) in a community-derived sample of adolescents. Additionally, the relationship between YPARQ-B, depressive symptoms, psychopathology, stress manifestations, and prosocial skills was analysed. One thousand and twenty students from high schools participated in a cross-sectional survey. The YPARQ-B, the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Student Stress Inventory - Stress Manifestations were used. A total of 85.1% of the total sample self-reported at least one subclinical psychotic experience. We observed a total of 10.9% of adolescents with a cutoff score of ≥11 or 6.8% with a cutoff score of ≥13. The analysis of internal structure of the YPARQ-B yielded an essentially unidimensional structure. The YPARQ-B scores showed measurement invariance across gender. The internal consistency of the YPARQ-B total score was 0.94. Furthermore, self-reported subclinical psychotic experiences were associated with depressive symptoms, emotional and behavioural problems, poor prosocial skills, and stress manifestations. These results would appear to indicate that YPARQ-B is a brief and easy tool to assess self-reported subclinical psychotic experiences in adolescents from the general population. The assessment of these experiences in community settings, and its associations with psychopathology, may help us to enhance the possibility of an early identification of adolescents potentially at risk for psychosis and mental health problems.

The assessment of emotional and Behavioural problems: Internal structure of The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire / Evaluación de problemas emocionales y comportamentales: estructura interna del Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the internal structure and measurement invariance across gender and age of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), self-reported version, in Spanish adolescents. The sample consisted of 1,547 participants, 606 were male (39.1%), with a mean age of 15.15 years (SD = 1.99). Results from the confirmatory factor analysis showed a five-factor model and a bifactor model with correlated errors added as the most appropriate. Nevertheless, the bifactor model displayed lower and non-significant factor loadings. The hypothesis of measurement invariance of the SDQ scores across gender and age was supported. The level of internal consistency of the Total difficulties score was .84, ranging between .71 and .75 for the SDQ subscales. The study of the psychometric properties showed that the Spanish version of the SDQ, self-reported form, seems to be an adequate tool for the screening of emotional and behavioural problems during adolescence. Future research should analyze the internal structure of the SDQ in other regions and testing the measurement invariance across cultures (AU)

El principal objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la estructura interna y la invarianza de medición en función del género y la edad del Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), versión autoinforme, en adolescentes españoles. La muestra está formada por 1.547 participantes, 606 varones (39,1%), con una media de edad de 15,15 años (DT = 1,99). Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio mostraron que el modelo de cinco factores y el modelo bifactor con modificaciones presentaron los mejores índices de bondad de ajuste. Sin embargo, en el modelo bifactor algunas cargas factoriales no fueron estadísticamente significativas. La hipótesis de invarianza de medición de las puntuaciones del SDQ en función del género y la edad fue confirmada. El nivel de consistencia interna de la puntuación Total de dificultades fue 0,84, mientras que para las subescalas osciló entre 0,71 y 0,75. El estudio de las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del SDQ autoinforme parece indicar que se trata de una herramienta adecuada y útil para el cribado de problemas emocionales y comportamentales en la adolescencia. En investigaciones futuras se debería analizar la estructura interna del SDQ en otras regiones y someter a prueba la invariancia de medición en función de las culturas (AU)

The assessment of emotional and Behavioural problems: Internal structure of The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the internal structure and measurement invariance across gender and age of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), self-reported version, in Spanish adolescents. The sample consisted of 1,547 participants, 606 were male (39.1%), with a mean age of 15.15 years (SD = 1.99). Results from the confirmatory factor analysis showed a five-factor model and a bifactor model with correlated errors added as the most appropriate. Nevertheless, the bifactor model displayed lower and non-significant factor loadings. The hypothesis of measurement invariance of the SDQ scores across gender and age was supported. The level of internal consistency of the Total difficulties score was .84, ranging between .71 and .75 for the SDQ subscales. The study of the psychometric properties showed that the Spanish version of the SDQ, self-reported form, seems to be an adequate tool for the screening of emotional and behavioural problems during adolescence. Future research should analyze the internal structure of the SDQ in other regions and testing the measurement invariance across cultures.

El principal objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la estructura interna y la invarianza de medición en función del género y la edad del Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), versión autoinforme, en adolescentes españoles. La muestra está formada por 1.547 participantes, 606 varones (39,1%), con una media de edad de 15,15 años (DT = 1,99). Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio mostraron que el modelo de cinco factores y el modelo bifactor con modificaciones presentaron los mejores índices de bondad de ajuste. Sin embargo, en el modelo bifactor algunas cargas factoriales no fueron estadísticamente significativas. La hipótesis de invarianza de medición de las puntuaciones del SDQ en función del género y la edad fue confirmada. El nivel de consistencia interna de la puntuación Total de dificultades fue 0,84, mientras que para las subescalas osciló entre 0,71 y 0,75. El estudio de las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del SDQ autoinforme parece indicar que se trata de una herramienta adecuada y útil para el cribado de problemas emocionales y comportamentales en la adolescencia. En investigaciones futuras se debería analizar la estructura interna del SDQ en otras regiones y someter a prueba la invariancia de medición en función de las culturas.